Ukhetho kunyango lweCML ngeSigaba: Isigaba esingapheliyo, esiKhawulezayo kunye neBlast

Umxholo

• Isigaba esingapheliyo seCML
• Isigaba esikhawulezayo seCML
• Isigaba seBlast Blast CML
• Olunye unyango
• Ukubeka iliso kunyango lwakho
• Ukuthatha

I-myeloid leukemia engapheliyo (i-CML) ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-leukemia engapheliyo. Kolu hlobo lomhlaza, umongo wethambo uvelisa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezininzi kakhulu.

Ukuba esi sifo asinyangeki kakuhle, siya sisiba mandundu. Inokuqhubela phambili ukusuka kwisigaba esinganyangekiyo, ukuya kwinqanaba elikhawulezayo, ukuya kwinqanaba lokudubula.

Ukuba unayo i-CML, isicwangciso sakho sonyango siya kuxhomekeka kwinxalenye yesigaba sesi sifo.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nokhetho kunyango lwesigaba ngasinye.

Isigaba esingapheliyo seCML

I-CML ithambekele ekubeni inyangeke kakhulu xa ifunyaniswe kwangethuba, kwisigaba esinganyangekiyo.

Ukunyanga isigaba esinganyangekiyo se-CML, ugqirha wakho uya kuthi amisele uhlobo lonyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI).

Iindidi ezininzi ze-TKI ziyafumaneka ukunyanga i-CML, kubandakanya:

• imatinib (Gleevec)
• I-nilotinib (iTasigna)
• idasatinib (iSpryrcel)
• bosutinib (Bosulif)
• iponatinib (Iclusig)

I-Gleevec ihlala iluhlobo lokuqala lwe-TKI emiselweyo kwi-CML. Nangona kunjalo, iTasigna okanye iSpryrcel nayo inokumiselwa njengonyango lodidi lokuqala.

Ukuba ezi ntlobo ze-TKI azisebenzi kakuhle kuwe, yeka ukusebenza, okanye ibangele iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinganyamezelekiyo, ugqirha wakho unokumisela uBosulif.

Ugqirha wakho uya kumisela i-Iclusig kuphela ukuba umhlaza awuphenduli kakuhle kwezinye iintlobo ze-TKIs okanye uvelisa uhlobo lokutshintsha kwemfuza, okwaziwa ngokuba kukutshintsha kwe-T315I.

Ukuba umzimba wakho awuphenduli kakuhle kwii-TKIs, ugqirha wakho unokumisela amayeza e-chemotherapy okanye uhlobo lwamayeza awaziwa ngokuba yi-interferon ukunyanga isigaba esinganyangekiyo se-CML.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, banokucebisa ukufakelwa kweseli ye-stem. Nangona kunjalo, olu nyango luqhele ukusetyenziswa ukuphatha isigaba esikhawulezayo se-CML.

Isigaba esikhawulezayo seCML

Kwinqanaba elikhawulezayo le-CML, iiseli ze-leukemia ziqala ukwanda ngokukhawuleza. Iiseli zihlala zikhulisa ukutshintsha kwemfuza okwandisa ukukhula kwazo kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza konyango.

Ukuba ukhawulezise isigaba se-CML, isicwangciso sakho sonyango esinconywayo siya kuxhomekeka kunyango owufumene ngaphambili.

Ukuba awuzange ufumane naluphi na unyango lwe-CML, ugqirha wakho uya kumisela i-TKI ukuba iqale.

Ukuba sele uthathe i-TKI, ugqirha wakho unokunyusa umthamo wakho okanye ukutshintshele kolunye uhlobo lwe-TKI. Ukuba iiseli zomhlaza wakho zinokutshintsha kwe-T315I, banokumisela i-Iclusig.

Ukuba ii-TKI azisebenzi kakuhle kuwe, ugqirha wakho unokumisela unyango nge-interferon.

Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha wakho unokongeza i-chemotherapy kwisicwangciso sakho sonyango. Amachiza e-Chemotherapy anokunceda ukuzisa umhlaza kuxolelo, kodwa bahlala beyeka ukusebenza ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ukuba umncinci kwaye usempilweni, ugqirha unokucebisa ukufakelwa kweseli emva kokuya kolunye unyango. Oku kuyakunceda ukuzalisa iiseli ezenza igazi.

Kwi-autologous stem cell transplant, ugqirha wakho uya kuqokelela ezinye zeeseli zakho ngaphambi kokuba ufumane unyango. Emva konyango, ziya kufaka ezi seli zibuyele emzimbeni wakho.

Kwi-allogenic stem cell transplant, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika iiseli ze-stem ezivela kumnikeli ofanelekileyo. Banokulandela olo fakelo ngokufakwa kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kumxhasi.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuzama ukuzisa umhlaza ekuxolelweni ngamayeza ngaphambi kokuba bacebise ukufakelwa kweseli.

Isigaba seBlast Blast CML

Kwinqanaba lokudubula i-CML, iiseli zomhlaza zanda ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibangele iimpawu ezibonakalayo ngakumbi.

Unyango ludla ngokungasebenzi kakuhle ngexesha lesigaba sokuqhushumba, xa kuthelekiswa nezigulo zangaphambi kwesi sifo. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lwabantu abanesigaba sokuqhuma i-CML abanakuphiliswa kumhlaza.

Ukuba uhlakulela isigaba se-CML, ugqirha uya kuqaphela imbali yakho yonyango yangaphambili.

Ukuba awufumananga naluphi na unyango oludlulileyo lwe-CML, banokumisela amayeza aphezulu e-TKI.

Ukuba sele uthatha i-TKI, banokwandisa idosi yakho okanye bakucebise ukuba utshintshele kolunye uhlobo lwe-TKI. Ukuba iiseli ze-leukemia zine-T315I mutation, banokumisela i-Iclusig.

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ichemotherapy ukunceda ukunciphisa umhlaza okanye ukunciphisa iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, i-chemotherapy ihlala ingasebenzi kakuhle kwinqanaba lokuqhuma kunezigaba zangaphambili.

Ukuba imeko yakho iphendula kakuhle kunyango ngamayeza, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukufakelwa kweseli ye-stem. Nangona kunjalo, olu nyango luthanda ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwinqanaba lokuqhushumba.

Olunye unyango

Ukongeza kunyango oluchazwe apha ngasentla, ugqirha wakho unokumisela unyango ukuze uncede ukukhulula iimpawu okanye ukunyanga iingxaki ezinokubakho zeCML.

Umzekelo, banokumisela:

• Inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-leukapheresis ukususa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi egazini lakho
• izinto zokukhula ukukhuthaza ukubuyiswa komongo wethambo, ukuba uya kunyanga ngamachiza
• utyando lokususa udakada, ukuba luyanda
• unyango lwemitha, ukuba ukhula udakada okanye iintlungu zethambo
• iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane, i-antiviral, okanye i-antitifungal, ukuba uvela nasiphi na isifo
• utofelo-gazi okanye iplasma

Banokucebisa ngokucebisa okanye ngenkxaso yezempilo yengqondo, ukuba ukufumanisa kunzima ukujongana neziphumo zentlalo okanye zeemvakalelo kwimeko yakho.

Ngamanye amaxesha, banokukukhuthaza ukuba ubhalise kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ukuze ufumane unyango lwe-CML. Unyango olutsha ngoku luyaphuhliswa kwaye luyavavanywa kwesi sifo.

Ukubeka iliso kunyango lwakho

Xa usenza unyango lwe-CML, ugqirha wakho unoku-odola uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo ukuze abeke iliso kwindlela ophendula ngayo umzimba wakho.

Ukuba isicwangciso sakho sangoku sonyango sibonakala sisebenza kakuhle, ugqirha wakho uya kukucebisa ukuba uqhubeke nesicwangciso.

Ukuba unyango lwakho lwangoku alubonakali lusebenza kakuhle okanye alusebenzi kangako ngokuhamba kwexesha, ugqirha wakho unokumisela amayeza ahlukeneyo okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango.

Uninzi lwabantu abane-CML kufuneka bathathe i-TKI iminyaka eliqela okanye ngokungapheliyo.

Ukuthatha

Ukuba unayo i-CML, icebo lonyango elicetyiswayo liza kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lesifo, kunye nobudala bakho, impilo yonke, kunye nembali yonyango oludlulileyo.

Unyango oluninzi luyafumaneka ukunceda ukucothisa ukukhula komhlaza, ukuncipha kwamathumba, kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu. Unyango luye lusebenze kancinci njengoko isifo siqhubeka.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga nonyango lwakho, kubandakanya izibonelelo ezinokubakho kunye nomngcipheko weendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango.