Umhlaza wolusu ujongeka njani?

Umxholo

• Yintoni umhlaza wolusu?
• Ulusu lwakho lusebenza njani
• Imifanekiso yomhlaza wolusu
• I-keratosis esebenzayo
• Isiseko se-carcinoma yeseli
• I-squamous cell carcinoma
• Melanoma
• Iintlobo ezine eziphambili ze-melanoma
• IKaposi sarcoma
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni?
• Fumana ulwazi oluthe kratya

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Yintoni umhlaza wolusu?

Umhlaza wolusu kukukhula okungalawulwayo kweeseli zomhlaza kulusu. Ukuba ayinyangwa, ineentlobo ezithile zomhlaza wolusu, ezi seli zinokusasazeka ziye kwamanye amalungu nakwizihlunu, ezinjenge-lymph node kunye nethambo. Umhlaza wolusu ngowona mhlaza uqhelekileyo eUnited States, uchaphazela umntu om-1 kwaba-5 baseMelika ngexesha lokuphila kwabo, ngokweSiseko seCancer Cancer Foundation.

Ulusu lwakho lusebenza njani

Ulusu lwakho lusebenza njengesithintelo ukukhusela umzimba wakho kwizinto ezinjengekulahleka kwamanzi, iintsholongwane kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi. Ulusu luneendlela ezimbini ezisisiseko: umaleko onzulu, ongqindilili (idermis) kunye nolwaleko lwangaphandle (i-epidermis). I-epidermis iqulethe iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeeseli. Umaleko ongaphandle uqulethwe ziiseli ezinobunzima, ezihlala ziphalaza kwaye zijika. Umaleko onzulu ubizwa ngokuba ngumaleko osisiseko kwaye wenziwe ngeeseli ezisisiseko. Okokugqibela, ii-melanocytes ziiseli ezenza i-melanin, okanye i-pigment emisela umbala wakho wolusu. Ezi iiseli zivelisa i-melanin engakumbi xa usiba selangeni ngakumbi, nto leyo ibangela ukuba kube mnyama. Le yindlela yokhuselo ngumzimba wakho, kwaye ngumqondiso wokuba ufumana ukonakaliswa lilanga.

I-epidermis idibana rhoqo nokusingqongileyo. Ngelixa ikhupha iiseli zolusu rhoqo, isenokugcina umonakalo kwilanga, usulelo, okanye ukusika kunye nokukhuhla. Iiseli zolusu ezishiyekileyo zihlala ziphindaphindeka ukuze zithathe indawo yolusu oluthambileyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokuqala ukuphinda-phinda okanye ziphindaphindeke ngokugqithileyo, zenze ithumba lesikhumba elinokuba ngumhlaza okanye ulusu lomhlaza.

Nazi iintlobo ezithile eziqhelekileyo zolusu lolusu:

Imifanekiso yomhlaza wolusu

I-keratosis esebenzayo

I-Actinic keratosis, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-keratosis yelanga, ibonakala njengombala obomvu okanye opinki wesikhumba kwiindawo ezivezwe lilanga lomzimba. Zibangelwa kukukhanya kwelanga kwi-UV. Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yesikhumba kwaye inokukhula ibe yi-squamous cell carcinoma ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa.

Isiseko se-carcinoma yeseli

I-Basal cell carcinoma yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yomhlaza wolusu, equka malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zazo zonke iimeko zomhlaza wolusu. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo entloko nasentanyeni, i-basal cell carcinoma ngumhlaza okhula kancinci ongafane usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Ihlala ibonisa kulusu njengokuphakama, iiperile okanye i-wax pink bump, ihlala ine-dimple embindini. Inokubonakala ngathi iyadlula kunye nemithambo yegazi kufutshane nomphezulu wolusu.

I-squamous cell carcinoma

I-squamous cell carcinoma ichaphazela iiseli kumaleko angaphandle kwesikhumba. Ixhaphake kakhulu kune-basal cell carcinoma kwaye inokusasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa. Kubonakala njengombala obomvu, onamaxolo, kunye nolusu olubi, ikakhulu kwiindawo ezivezwe lilanga njengezandla, intloko, intamo, imilebe kunye neendlebe. Amabala abomvu afanayo anokuba yi-squamous cell carcinoma in situ (isifo sikaBowen), uhlobo lokuqala lomhlaza weseli.

Melanoma

Nangona i-basal kunye ne-squamous cell carcinoma, i-melanoma iyona yingozi kakhulu, ibangela malunga neepesenti ezingama-73 zabo bonke abantu abafa nomhlaza wesikhumba. Kwenzeka kwi-melanocytes, okanye iiseli zesikhumba ezenza i-pigment. Nangona i-mole iqoqo le-melanocytes elinabantu abaninzi, i-melanoma inokukrokrelwa ukuba i-mole ine:

• Aimilo macala
• Bizitenxo zoku-odola
• Ci-olor engahambelaniyo
• Diameter inkulu kuneemilimitha ezi-6
• Eubukhulu bokujikeleza okanye imilo

Iintlobo ezine eziphambili ze-melanoma

• ukusasazeka kwangaphandle kwemelanoma: uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-melanoma; izilonda zihlala zi ethe tyaba, zimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga, kwaye ziqulathe imibala eyahlukeneyo emnyama namdaka; inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka
• lentigo maligna melanoma: ihlala ichaphazela abantu abadala; kubandakanya izilonda ezinkulu, ezithe tyaba, ezimdaka
• melanoma eyindumasi: unokuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka omnyama, omnyama, okanye obomvu-buluhlaza, kodwa isenokungabi nawo kwaphela umbala; ihlala iqala njengesiqwengana esiphakamileyo
• i-acral lentiginous melanoma: uhlobo oluncinci oluqhelekileyo; ichaphazela iintende, iinyawo, okanye ngaphantsi komnwe kunye neenzwane

IKaposi sarcoma

Ngelixa kungakhange kuthathwe njengomhlaza wolusu, iKaposi sarcoma lolunye uhlobo lomhlaza olubandakanya izilonda zolusu ezibomvu-bumdaka ngombala oluhlaza kwaye zihlala zifumaneka emilenzeni nasezinyaweni. Ichaphazela iiseli ezihamba kwimithambo yegazi kufutshane nolusu.Lo mhlaza ubangelwa luhlobo lwentsholongwane ye-herpes, ikakhulu kwizigulana ezinamajoni omzimba abuthathaka njengalawo anoGawulayo.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni?

Ngelixa kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wolusu, uninzi lwabelana ngemiba efanayo yomngcipheko, kubandakanya:

• Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwimitha ye-UV efumaneka elangeni
• ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40
• ukuba nembali yosapho yomhlaza wolusu
• ukuba nebala elifanelekileyo
• Ukufumana ukufakelwa komzimba

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abancinci okanye abo banebala elimnyama banokuqhubeka benomhlaza wolusu.

Fumana ulwazi oluthe kratya

Umhlaza wolusu okhawulezayo ubhaqiwe, ngcono imeko yexesha elide. Jonga ulusu lwakho rhoqo. Ukuba uphawula ukungaqheleki, qhagamshelana nodokotela wesikhumba kuvavanyo olupheleleyo. Funda indlela yokuzivavanya ulusu lwakho.

Amanyathelo othintelo, njengokunxiba i-sunscreen okanye ukunciphisa ixesha elangeni, yeyona ndlela yokuzikhusela kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu.

Thenga i-sunscreen.

Funda ngakumbi ngomhlaza wolusu kunye nokhuseleko elangeni.