Into ekufuneka uyazi malunga ne-V / Q Mismatch

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Ithetha ukuthini ukungalunganga kwe-V / Q
• Ukungalingani kwe-V / Q
• Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)
• Isifo sombefu
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• I-bronchitis engapheliyo
• Ukudumba kwemiphunga
• Ukuphazamiseka komoya
• Ukudibanisa iipulmonary
• Izinto ze-V / Q ezingahambelani nomngcipheko
• Ukulinganisa umlinganiso we-V / Q
• Unyango ngokungalunganga lwe-V / Q
• Yise kude

Ushwankathelo

Kwinqanaba le-V / Q, i-V imele umoya, umoya ophefumla kuwo. I-oksijini iya kwi-alveoli kunye ne-carbon dioxide. I-Alveoli ziingxowa zomoya ezincinci ekupheleni kwee-bronchioles, ezizezona tyhubhu zincinci zomoya.

Q, okwangoku, imele i-perfusion, eyokuhamba kwegazi. Igazi elingenaoxygenated lisuka entliziyweni yakho liya kwii-capillaries ze-pulmonary, eziyimithambo yegazi emincinci. Ukusuka apho, icarbon dioxide iphuma egazini lakho ngealveoli kwaye ioksijini iyangena.

Umlinganiselo we-V / Q ubungakanani bomoya ofikelela kwi-alveoli yakho eyahlulwe sisixa sokuhamba kwegazi kwii-capillaries kwimiphunga yakho.

Xa imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle, iilitha ezi-4 zomoya zingena kumatshini wokuphefumla ngelixa iilitha ezi-5 zegazi zigqitha kwimithanjana yakho yomzuzu ngomzuzu we-V / Q we-0.8. Inani eliphakamileyo okanye elisezantsi libizwa ngokungafaniyo ne-V / Q.

Ithetha ukuthini ukungalunganga kwe-V / Q

Ukungahambelani kakuhle kwe-V / Q kwenzeka xa inxenye yemiphunga yakho ifumana ioksijini ngaphandle kokuhamba kwegazi okanye ukuhamba kwegazi ngaphandle kweoksijini. Oku kuyenzeka ukuba unendlela yomoya ethintelekileyo, njengaxa ukrwitshwa, okanye ukuba unesithintelo segazi esiphazamisekileyo, esifana nehlwili legazi emphefumlweni wakho. Inokwenzeka kwakhona xa imeko yonyango ikwenza ungenise umoya kodwa ungakhuphi ioksijini, okanye ungenise igazi kodwa ungayithathi ioksijini.

Ukungangqinelani kwe-V / Q kunokubangela i-hypoxemia, ephantsi kwinqanaba leoksijini egazini lakho. Ukungabinayo i-oksijini yegazi eyoneleyo kungakhokelela ekusileleni kokuphefumla.

Ukungalingani kwe-V / Q

Nantoni na echaphazela amandla omzimba wakho wokuhambisa ioksijini eyaneleyo egazini lakho inokubangela ukungahambelani kakuhle kwe-V / Q.

Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)

I-COPD sisifo esingapheliyo sokudumba kwemiphunga esiphazamisa ukuhamba komoya kwimiphunga yakho. Ichaphazela ngaphezu kwabantu kwihlabathi liphela.

I-Emphysema kunye ne-bronchitis engapheliyo zezona meko zixhaphakileyo ezinxulumene neCOPD. Abantu abaninzi abaneCOPD banazo zombini. Isizathu esiqhelekileyo seCOPD ngumsi wecuba. Ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kwizicaphukisi zamachiza nako kunokubangela iCOPD.

I-COPD inyusa umngcipheko kwezinye iimeko ezichaphazela imiphunga nentliziyo, njengomhlaza wemiphunga kunye nesifo sentliziyo.

Ezinye zeempawu zibandakanya:

• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo
• ukuvutha
• Imveliso yencindi egqithisileyo

Isifo sombefu

Isifo sombefu yimeko ebangela ukuba i-omoya yakho idumbe kwaye icuthe. Yimeko eqhelekileyo echaphazela phantse umntu omnye kwabali-13.

Iingcali aziqinisekanga ukuba yintoni ebangela abanye abantu ukuba baphuhlise isifuba, kodwa iimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nemfuza zibonakala ngathi zidlala indima. Isifo sombefu sinokubangelwa zizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya i-allergen eqhelekileyo enje:

• umungu
• ukungunda
• izifo zokuphefumla
• Izinto ezingcolisa umoya, ezifana nomsi wecuba

Iimpawu ziyahluka ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima kwaye zingabandakanya:

• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukuqina kwesifuba
• ukukhohlela
• ukuvutha

Ukukrala kwemiphunga

I-pneumonia sisifo semiphunga esinokubangelwa ziintsholongwane, intsholongwane okanye ukungunda. Inokubangela ukuba i-alveoli igcwalise ulwelo okanye ubofu, yenze kube nzima kuwe ukuba uphefumle.

Imeko inokwahluka ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima, kuxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nezinto ezinje ngeminyaka yakho kunye nempilo iyonke. Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, abo baneemeko zentliziyo, kunye nabantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka banomngcipheko ophezulu wenyumoniya.

Iimpawu zenyumoniya zibandakanya:

• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• ukukhohlela ngephlegm
• umkhuhlane kunye nokugodola

I-bronchitis engapheliyo

I-bronchitis kukukrala komphetho weetyhubhu zakho ze-bronchial. Iityhubhu ze-bronchial zihambisa umoya zisusa kwimiphunga yakho.

Ngokungafani ne-bronchitis ebukhali eza ngesiquphe, i-bronchitis engapheliyo ikhula ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ibangele iziqendu eziphindaphindayo ezinokuhlala iinyanga okanye iminyaka. Ukuvuvukala okungapheliyo kukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwe-mucus egqithileyo kwiindlela zakho zomoya, ezichasa ukungena nokuphuma komoya kwimiphunga yakho kwaye ziyaqhubeka zisiba mbi. Abantu abaninzi abane-bronchitis engapheliyo ekugqibeleni baphuhlisa i-emphysema kunye neCOPD.

Iimpawu ze-bronchitis engapheliyo zibandakanya:

• ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo
• yencindi eshinyeneyo, enemibala
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukuvutha
• iintlungu zesifuba

Ukudumba kwemiphunga

I-edema ye-pulmonary, ekwabizwa ngokuba kukuxinana kwemiphunga okanye ukuxinana kwemiphunga, yimeko ebangelwa lulwelo oluninzi emiphungeni. Amanzi aphazamisana namandla omzimba wakho afumana ioksijini eyaneleyo kwigazi lakho.

Idla ngokubangelwa ziingxaki zentliziyo, ezinje ngokusilela kwentliziyo, kodwa inokubangelwa kukuqaqanjelwa sisifuba, inyumoniya, kunye nokuvezwa kwityhefu okanye ukuphakama okuphezulu.

Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• ukuphefumla xa ulele kuphucula xa uhleli
• ukuphefumla kancinci ekusebenzeni
• ukuvutha
• ukukhawuleza ukutyeba, ngakumbi emilenzeni
• ukudinwa

Ukuphazamiseka komoya

Ukuthintelwa komoya kukuthintelwa kwayo nayiphi na indawo yendlela yakho yomoya. Ingabangelwa kukuginya okanye ukusezela into yasemzini, okanye:

• I-anaphylaxis
• ukudumba kwentambo yelizwi
• ukwenzakala okanye ukonzakala kwindlela yomoya
• inhalation yomsi
• ukudumba komqala, iitoni, okanye ulwimi

Ukucinywa komoya kunokuba buthathaka, kuthintele ukuhamba komoya kuphela, ukuya kubukhali ngokwaneleyo ukubangela ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo, okungxamisekileyo kwezonyango.

Ukudibanisa iipulmonary

I-pulmonary embolism ligazi eligazi kwimiphunga. Igazi liya kuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi, elinokonakalisa imiphunga kunye namanye amalungu.

Zihlala zibangelwa yi-vein thrombosis enzulu, engamachaphaza egazi aqala kwimithambo kwamanye amalungu omzimba, ihlala iyimilenze. Amahlwili egazi anokubangelwa kukonzakala okanye ukonakala kwimithambo yegazi, iimeko zonyango, kunye nokungasebenzi ixesha elide.

Ukuphefumla okufutshane, iintlungu zesifuba, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo.

Izinto ze-V / Q ezingahambelani nomngcipheko

Oku kulandelayo kwandisa umngcipheko we-V / Q yokungafani:

• usulelo lokuphefumla, olufana nenyumoniya
• imeko yemiphunga, enje ngeCOPD okanye i-asthma
• imeko yentliziyo
• ukutshaya
• ukuthintela ukuphefumla xa ulala

Ukulinganisa umlinganiso we-V / Q

Umlinganiselo we-V / Q ulinganiswa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-pulmonary ventilation / perfusion scan. Kubandakanya uthotho lwezikeni ezimbini: enye yokulinganisa ukuba umoya uqhuba kakuhle kangakanani emiphungeni yakho kwaye omnye ubonise apho igazi lihamba khona kwimiphunga yakho.

Uvavanyo lubandakanya inaliti yento enemitha ye-radio eqokelela kwiindawo zokuhamba komoya ngokungaqhelekanga okanye ukuhamba kwegazi. Oku kuyakubonisa kwimifanekiso eveliswe luhlobo oluthile lwesikena.

Unyango ngokungalunganga lwe-V / Q

Unyango lwe-V / Q engalunganga iya kubandakanya ukunyanga unobangela. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• bronchodilators
• I-corticosteroids ebhalwe ngaphakathi
• Unyango lweoksijini
• i-steroids yomlomo
• iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane
• Unyango lwe-pulmonary
• abacoci gazi
• utyando

Yise kude

Ufuna inani elifanelekileyo leoksijini kunye nokuhamba kwegazi ukuze uphefumle. Nantoni na ephazamisa le bhalansi inokubangela ukungafani kwe-V / Q. Ukuphefumla okufutshane, nokuba kubumnene, kufuneka kuvavanywe ngugqirha. Uninzi lwezinto ezingahambelaniyo ne-V / Q zinokulawulwa okanye zinyangwe, nangona unyango olufike ngexesha lubalulekile.

Ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu ufumana ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza okanye okunzima ukuphefumula okanye intlungu yesifuba, fumana unyango lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.