Yintoni Ebangela Ukukhubazeka Kwengqondo?

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Sesiphi esona sizathu siphambili sokukhubazeka kobuchopho?
• Izizathu zokuzalwa kwe-CP
• Ukufunyanwa kwe-CP kubangela
• Imibuzo eqhelekileyo malunga nezizathu ze-CP
• Ngaba abantu abadala banokufumana ukukhubazeka kwengqondo?
• Ngaba ukushukuma kwesifo somntwana kunokubangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo?
• Ngaba i-cerebral palsy genetic?
• Ngaba ukutshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa kubangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo?
• Ngaba ukubetha kungabangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo?
• Ngaba i-cerebral palsy degenerative?
• Iindidi zedumbe yobuchopho
• Ukuqaqamba kwengqondo ebuchotsheni
• I-Dyskinetic cerebral palsy
• Hypotonic ukukhubazeka kobuchopho
• I-Ataxic cerebral palsy
• Umxube we-cerebral palsy
• Iingxaki ezinokubakho zokukhubazeka kwengqondo
• Ukulawula ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• Yise kude

Ushwankathelo

I-Cerebral palsy (CP) liqela lokuhamba kunye nokulungelelanisa ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa kukukhula kwengqondo okungaqhelekanga okanye ukonakala kwengqondo.

Sisifo esixhaphakileyo semithambo-luvo ebantwaneni kwaye sichaphazela abantwana abaneminyaka esi-8 ubudala, ngokophando luka-2014.

Iimpawu ze-CP ziyahluka kubukhali, kodwa zihlala zivela kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala yobomi.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-CP zibandakanya:

• Ingqondo engaqhelekanga
• izihlunu eziqinileyo
• I-floppy okanye i-trunk eqinile kunye namalungu
• iingxaki zokuhamba
• ukuma ngokungaqhelekanga
• ukuginya iingxaki
• ukungalingani kwemisipha yamehlo
• ukuthuthumela kunye nokunyakaza okungazibandakanyi
• ingxaki ngezakhono ezifanelekileyo zemoto
• ukukhubazeka ekufundeni

Ngokutsho kwamaZiko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC), i-CP ikhula ngaphambi kokuzalwa kodwa inokufunyanwa kwasebuntwaneni.

Le meko ayibi mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye uninzi lwabantwana abane-CP bayaqhubeka nokuphila ubomi obuzimeleyo. Ngaphezu kwabantwana abane-CP banokuhamba ngaphandle koncedo, ngokwe-CDC.

Kule nqaku, siza kuvavanya izizathu eziqhelekileyo ze-CP. Siza kuphinda siphendule imibuzo onokuba nayo malunga noku kuphazamiseka kwentshukumo okuqhelekileyo.

Sesiphi esona sizathu siphambili sokukhubazeka kobuchopho?

I-CP ekhula nokuba ngaphambili, ngexesha, okanye ngaphakathi kweeveki ezi-4 zokuzalwa yaziwa ngokuba yi-CP yokuzalwa.

Malunga neemeko ze-CP zizalwa ngokuzalwa, ngokwe-CDC. I-CP ekhula ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-28 emva kokuzalwa ibizwa ngokuba yi-CP efunyenweyo.

Izizathu zokuzalwa kwe-CP

Kwiimeko ezininzi, oyena nobangela wokuzalwa kwe-CP kuhlala kungaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, nayiphi na kwezi meko zilandelayo zinokubangelwa.

• I-Asphyxia neonatorum. I-Asphyxia neonatorum kukusilela kweoksijini kwingqondo ngexesha lomsebenzi kunye nokuhanjiswa kwaye kunokubangela ukonakala kwengqondo okukhokelela kwi-CP.
• Utshintsho kwigene. Ukutshintsha kwemfuza kungakhokelela ekukhuleni kwengqondo okungaqhelekanga.
• Usulelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Usulelo olusuka kumama luye kumntwana olungekazalwa lunokubangela ukonakala kwengqondo kunye ne-CP. Iindidi zosulelo ezinxulunyaniswa ne-CP zibandakanya irhashalala, imasisi yaseJamani (irubella), kunye nosulelo lwebacteria.
• Ukopha kwingqondo. Ukubethwa sisisu kungakhokelela ekonakaleni kwengqondo nakwi-CP. Ukubethwa sisisu kunokubangelwa yimithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga, amahlwili egazi, kunye neziphene zentliziyo.
• Ukukhula kwengqondo okungaqhelekanga. Usulelo, ifiva, kunye noxinzelelo kunokubangela ukukhula kwengqondo okungaqhelekanga okukhokelela kwi-CP.

Ukufunyanwa kwe-CP kubangela

I-CP yaziwa njenge-CP efunyenweyo xa ikhula ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-28 emva kokuzalwa. I-CP efunyenweyo ngokubanzi ikhula kwiminyaka emi-2 yokuqala yobomi.

• Ukubandezeleka kwentloko. Ukonzakala entloko okungalunganga kungakhokelela ekonakaleni okungapheliyo kwengqondo. Unobangela oqhelekileyo wentlungu yentloko kubandakanya ukungqubana kwemoto, ukuwa kunye nokuhlaselwa.
• Usulelo. I-Meningitis, i-encephalitis, kunye nolunye usulelo kunokukhokelela ekonakaleni okungapheliyo kwengqondo.
• I-jaundice. I-jaundice enganyangekiyo inokukhokelela kuhlobo lomonakalo wobuchopho obizwa ngokuba. I-Kernicterus inokukhokelela kwi-cerebral palsy, iingxaki zombono, kunye nokulahleka kwendlebe.

Imibuzo eqhelekileyo malunga nezizathu ze-CP

Ngaba abantu abadala banokufumana ukukhubazeka kwengqondo?

Abantu abadala abanakho ukuphuhlisa i-CP. Kuza kuphela ngexesha leminyaka emibini yokuqala yobomi. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abadala abaninzi bahlala nesifo sokukhubazeka kwengqondo esikhule ebuntwaneni okanye ngaphambi kokuzalwa.

Ngaba ukushukuma kwesifo somntwana kunokubangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo?

I-Shaken baby syndrome kukukhathazeka kwentloko okubangelwa xa usana lushukunyiswa kakhulu okanye lubetha entloko. I-Shaken baby syndrome inokubangela ukonakala kwengqondo okunokubangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.

Ngaba i-cerebral palsy genetic?

Uphando alukafumani i-CP ukuba sisifo semfuza. Nangona kunjalo, ngokutsho kovavanyo luka-2017, abanye abaphandi bakrokrela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ufuzo lube negalelo ekuphuhliseni ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.

Ngaba ukutshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa kubangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo?

Ukutshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwandisa amathuba okuba usana olungekazalwa lukhule ngendlela engaqhelekanga.

Olu phuhliso lobuchwephesha lungaqhelekanga lunokuba negalelo kwiimeko ezinje ngokukhubazeka kwengqondo okanye ukubanjwa, njengoko kuphawuliwe kwisifundo se-2017.

Ngaba ukubetha kungabangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo?

Ukubethwa kwabantwana kunokubangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kubantwana. Ukubethwa sisithintelo sokuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo kunokubangela ukonakala kwizicubu ezingqongileyo.

Ngaba i-cerebral palsy degenerative?

I-Cerebral palsy ayonakalisi kwaye ayibi mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Isicwangciso esifanelekileyo sonyango esibandakanya ukuzivocavoca kunye neeseshoni neengcali zokhathalelo lwempilo zinokunceda ukulawula kunye nokuphucula iimpawu.

Iindidi zedumbe yobuchopho

Zine iindidi zeCP ezamkelweyo kwezonyango. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nokudibanisa iimpawu ezivela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-CP.

Ukuqaqamba kwengqondo ebuchotsheni

I-Spastic cerebral palsy yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo. Malunga neepesenti ezingama-80 ezine-CP zinolu hlobo. Ukuqaqanjelwa kwengqondo kwi-cerebral palsy kubangela izihlunu ezomeleleyo kunye neentshukumo ezi-jerky.

Abantu abaninzi abanale ngxaki baneendlela zokuhamba ezingaqhelekanga. Abantu abane-CP e-spastic enamandla abanako ukuhamba konke konke.

I-Dyskinetic cerebral palsy

I-Dyskinetic cerebral palsy ibangela intshukumo engaqhelekanga nengalunganga. Inokuchaphazela nokushukuma kolwimi.

Abantu abane-dyskinetic cerebral palsy bahlala benengxaki yokuhamba, ukuthetha nokuginya. Iintshukumo zabo zinokucotha kwaye zijijeke okanye zikhawuleze kwaye zibemdaka.

Hypotonic ukukhubazeka kobuchopho

I-Hypotonic cerebral palsy ibangela ukuba izihlunu zakho zikhululeke kakhulu. Rhoqo, umntu one-hypotonic CP unamalungu avela kwi-floppy.

Iintsana ezinale meko zihlala zinengxaki yokuxhasa iintloko zazo. Abantwana abadala banokuba neengxaki ngokuthetha, ukucinga, nokuhamba.

I-Ataxic cerebral palsy

I-Ataxic cerebral palsy ibangela intshukumo yamalungu ngokuzithandela ekhokelela kwiingxaki ngokulingana kunye nokulungelelanisa. Abantu abanolu hlobo lwe-CP banokuba nengxaki yokuhamba kakuhle kweemoto.

Umxube we-cerebral palsy

Abanye abantu abane-CP banokuba neempawu zodidi olunye lwe-CP. Abantu abaninzi abane-CP exubekileyo banomxube we-spastic kunye ne-dyskinetic CP.

Iingxaki ezinokubakho zokukhubazeka kwengqondo

I-CP inokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zomzimba ngenxa yokungaqheleki kokuhamba. Abantu abane-CP banokuziva bebodwa, oko kunokukhokelela kwimeko yezempilo yengqondo njengoxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo.

Ezi zilandelayo zinokubakho iingxaki zokukhubazeka kwengqondo:

• ukwaluphala ngaphambi kwexesha
• ukungondleki
• ukudakumba
• ixhala
• izifo zentliziyo nemiphunga
• osteoarthritis
• iintlungu ezingapheliyo
• scoliosis

Abantu abane-CP banamazinga aphezulu eemeko ezahlukeneyo ezinje:

• uxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi)
• isifo samathambo
• intlungu edibeneyo
• imivumbo
• iingxaki zokuthetha
• ukugwinya ubunzima
• isifo seswekile
• iimeko zentliziyo
• ukuxhuzula

Ukulawula ukukhubazeka kwengqondo

I-CP ayisiyongxaki kwaye ayibi mbi kunye nobudala. Iimpawu zihlala ziphucula ngenkqubo efanelekileyo yonyango.

Unyango lubandakanya unyango lomzimba, amayeza, kunye notyando ngamanye amaxesha ukunceda ukulawula iingxaki zokuhamba. Iindidi zonyango zibandakanya:

• ulungiso lwenyama
• unyango lomsebenzi
• unyango lokuthetha
• unyango lokuzonwabisa
• izihlunu eziphumlayo
• inaliti zemisipha
• utyando lwamathambo
• ngokukhethekileyo ukusika imicu yentsimbi (kwiimeko ezinqabileyo)

Yise kude

Ukuqala kwesifo sokukhubazeka kwengqondo kuphambi kokuzalwa okanye ebuntwaneni. Ngokuxilongwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nonyango, abantu abaninzi abane-cerebral palsy bayakwazi ukuhlala ubomi obupheleleyo kunye nokuzimela.