I-Euthanasia: Ukuqonda iinyani

Umxholo

• Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo?
• Ukuzibulala ngokuncedayo ngokuchasene ne-euthanasia
• Iyasebenza vs.
• Ukuzithandela xa kuthelekiswa nokungazingci
• Ngaba i-euthanasia isemthethweni?
• Iinyani ze-Euthanasia
• Izimvo
• Ubuninzi
• Impikiswano malunga ne-euthanasia
• Ukuziphatha kunye nenkolo
• Isigwebo segqirha
• Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha
• Ukhetho lomntu
• Iingcebiso zokwenza isigqibo

Yintoni i-euthanasia?

I-Euthanasia ibhekisa ekupheliseni ngabom ubomi bomntu, ngesiqhelo ukukhulula ukubandezeleka. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha benza i-euthanasia xa kucelwa ngabantu abanesifo esinganyangekiyo kwaye baneentlungu ezininzi.

Yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kwaye kubandakanya ukulinganisa izinto ezininzi. Imithetho yendawo, impilo yomntu yengqondo kunye nengqondo, kunye neenkolelo zabo kunye neminqweno yabo yonke idlala indima.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga neendidi ezahlukeneyo ze-euthanasia, xa zisetyenziswa, kwaye zisemthethweni phi.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-euthanasia. Yintoni ekhethiweyo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya umbono womntu kunye nenqanaba lokuqonda.

Ukuzibulala ngokuncedayo ngokuchasene ne-euthanasia

Ukuzibulala ngokuncedayo ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba kukuzibulala okuncedwa ngugqirha (PAS). I-PAS kuthetha ukuba ugqirha esazi ukuba unceda umntu ukuba aphelise ubomi babo. Lo mntu kusenokwenzeka ukuba unengxaki eqhubekayo nengapheliyo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba bafumene isifo esibulalayo.Ugqirha wabo uya kugqiba ngeyona ndlela isebenzayo, engenabuhlungu.

Kwiimeko, oogqirha baya kubonelela abantu ngeziyobisi abanokuzithatha ukuphelisa ubomi babo. Idosi ebulalayo yeeopioid, umzekelo, inokumiselwa oku. Ekugqibeleni, kuye umntu ukuba athathe isigqibo sokuba uyalithatha na ichiza.

Nge-euthanasia, ugqirha uvumelekile ukuba aphelise ubomi bomntu ngeendlela ezingenabuhlungu. Umzekelo, inaliti yesiyobisi esinokubulala inokusetyenziswa.

Iyasebenza vs.

Xa uninzi lwabantu lucinga nge-euthanasia, bacinga ngugqirha ophelisa ngokuthe ngqo ubomi bomntu. Oku kwaziwa njenge-euthanasia esebenzayo. Ngenjongo yokunika umntu idosi ebulalayo yokuthomalalisa kuthathwa njenge-euthanasia esebenzayo.

I-Passive euthanasia ngamanye amaxesha ichazwa njengokubamba okanye ukunciphisa umda kunyango lokugcina ubomi ukuze umntu adlule ngokukhawuleza. Ugqirha unokuyalela ukuba kunyuswe amayeza aphezulu okubulala iintlungu. Ixesha elingaphezulu kwexesha, iidosi zinokuba yityhefu.

Oku kwenza umahluko phakathi kwe-euthanasia kunye nokunyamekelwa kwepalliative. Unonophelo lonyango lujolise ekugcineni abantu bekhululekile kangangoko kunokwenzeka ekupheleni kobomi babo.

Umzekelo, ugqirha okhathalelayo othomalalisayo unokuvumela umntu osondela ekufeni ukuba ayeke ukuthatha iyeza elibanga iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingathandekiyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, banokuvumela umntu ukuba athathe idosi ephezulu kakhulu yeyeza lonyango ukunyanga iintlungu. Oku kuhlala kuyinxalenye esemgangathweni yokunyamekela. Abaninzi abayithathi njenge-euthanasia.

Ukuzithandela xa kuthelekiswa nokungazingci

Ukuba umntu othile wenza isigqibo esaziwayo sokufuna uncedo ngokuphelisa ubomi bakhe, kuthathwa ngokuba yi-euthanasia yokuzithandela. Umntu kufuneka anike imvume yakhe epheleleyo kwaye abonise ukuba bayakuqonda ngokupheleleyo okuza kwenzeka.

I-euthanasia engazibandakanyi ibandakanya omnye umntu owenza isigqibo sokuphelisa ubomi bomntu. Ilungu losapho elisondeleyo lidla ngokwenza isigqibo. Oku kwenziwa rhoqo xa umntu engekho zingqondweni ngokupheleleyo okanye engakwazi kwenza nto ngokusisigxina. Ihlala ibandakanya i-euthanasia nje, njengokurhoxisa inkxaso yobomi kumntu ongabonakalisi zimpawu zomsebenzi wobuchopho.

Ngaba i-euthanasia isemthethweni?

Abantu baphikisana malunga nokuziphatha kunye nokuba semthethweni kwe-euthanasia kunye ne-PAS kangangeenkulungwane. Namhlanje, imithetho malunga ne-euthanasia kunye ne-PAS yahlukile kumazwe nakwamanye amazwe.

E-United States, i-PAS isemthethweni kwi:

• EWashington
• Oregon
• California
• IColorado
• EMontana
• IVermont
• IWashington, D.C.
• IHawaii (ukuqala ngo-2019)

Elinye lala mazwe kwaye iWashington, DC ineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zomthetho. Ayizizo zonke iimeko ze-PAS ezisemthethweni. Ukongeza, uninzi lwamazwe ngoku anemilinganiselo ye-PAS kwiibhaloti zomthetho, ke olu luhlu lunokukhula.

Ngaphandle kwe-United States, i-PAS isemthethweni kwi:

• Swizalend
• Jemani
• Japhan

I-Euthanasia, kubandakanya ne-PAS, isemthethweni kumazwe aliqela, kubandakanya:

• inetherlands
• Bheljiyam
• Laksembheg
• Kholambiya
• Khanada

Iinyani ze-Euthanasia

I-Euthanasia sisihloko sengxoxo eqhubekayo. Kubekho isixa esifanelekileyo sophando esenziwe malunga nezimvo zabantu malunga nayo kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo kangakanani.

Izimvo

Uvoto luka-2013 kwi-New England Journal of Medicine lafumanisa ukuba iipesenti ezingama-65 zabantu kumazwe angama-74 bachasene ne-PAS. E-United States, iipesenti ezingama-67 zabantu babechasene nayo.

Nangona kunjalo, uninzi kumazwe ali-11 kwayi-74 avotele i-PAS. Kwaye uninzi lwabavoti kumazwe ase-18 aseMelika bavakalise inkxaso yePAS. IWashington ne-Oregon, ezazisemthethweni i-PAS ngexesha lokuvota, zazingekho phakathi kwala mazwe ali-18. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba izimvo malunga ne-euthanasia kunye ne-PAS zitshintsha ngokukhawuleza.

Ngo-2017, i-poll ye-Gallup ifumene utshintsho olukhulu e-United States. Phantse kwikota yesithathu yabantu abaphononongiweyo baxhasa i-euthanasia. Enye iipesenti ezingama-67 zathi oogqirha kufuneka bavunyelwe bancede abaguli ngokuzibulala.

Into enomdla kukuba, uphononongo e-United Kingdom lwafumanisa ukuba uninzi loogqirha alukhange luthande i-euthanasia ne-PAS ngokuzithandela. Eyona nto babeyichasa yayiyinkolo.

Ubuninzi

Kumazwe apho kusemthethweni, i-euthanasia ifunyenwe i-0.3 ukuya kwi-4.6 yeepesenti yokufa. Ngaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-70 zokufa kwabo zazinxulumene nomhlaza.

Ukuphononongwa kwakhona kwafumanisa ukuba eWashington nase-Oregon, oogqirha babhala ngaphantsi kwepesenti enye yemigqaliselo yokuzibulala.

Impikiswano malunga ne-euthanasia

Zininzi iimpikiswano zombini ngokuchasene ne-euthanasia kunye ne-PAS. Uninzi lwezi mpikiswano luwela kwiindidi ezine eziphambili:

Ukuziphatha kunye nenkolo

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba i-euthanasia kukubulala kwaye bakufumanisa kungamkelekanga kwizizathu zokuziphatha. Uninzi luphikisa ukuba amandla wokuthatha isigqibo malunga nokufa kwakho atyhafisa ubungcwele bobomi. Ukongeza, iicawa ezininzi, amaqela ezenkolo, kunye nemibutho yezenkolo bayaphikisana nokubulawa kwabantu ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo.

Isigwebo segqirha

I-PAS isemthethweni kuphela ukuba umntu unakho ngokwengqondo ukwenza ukhetho. Nangona kunjalo, ukumisela ukubanakho komntu ukusebenza kwengqondo akucaci kakhulu. Omnye wafumanisa ukuba oogqirha abasoloko bekwazi ukuqaphela xa umntu ekulungele ukwenza isigqibo.

Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha

Abanye oogqirha kunye nabachasi be-PAS bakhathazekile malunga neengxaki zokuziphatha ezinokujamelana noogqirha. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-2 500, oogqirha bathathe isifungo sikaHippocratic. Esi sifungo sikhuthaza oogqirha ukuba babakhathalele kwaye bangaze babenzakalise abo baphantsi kwabo.

Abanye bathi isifungo seHippocratic siyayixhasa i-PAS kuba iphelisa ukubandezeleka kwaye ayizukuphinda yenzeke. Kwelinye icala, enye ingxoxo ibangela ukwenzakala emntwini nakwabo babathandayo, ekufuneka bejonge lowo babathandayo besokola.

Ukhetho lomntu

"Ukufa ngesidima" yintshukumo ekhuthaza izindlu zowiso-mthetho ukuba zivumele abantu ukuba bathathe isigqibo ngendlela abafuna ukufa ngayo. Abanye abantu abafuni kuhamba inkqubo ende yokufa, bahlala bekhathazeka ngumthwalo obabeka kwabo babathandayo.

Iingcebiso zokwenza isigqibo

Ukwenza izigqibo malunga ne-PAS ngokwakho okanye kwisithandwa sakho kunzima kakhulu, nokuba wonke umntu uvumelana ngokupheleleyo.

Umbutho weSizwe we-Hospice kunye noKhathalelo lwePalliative ubonelela ngezixhobo ezininzi zasimahla kwiwebhusayithi yabo ngenkqubo yabo yeCaringInfo. Le nkqubo yenzelwe ukunceda abantu bahambe kwimicimbi enzima yokuphela kobomi, ukusuka kwimithetho yelizwe ukuya kwinkxaso yokomoya.

IZiko leLizwe lokuGuga nalo linezixhobo ezintle. Banikezela ngemibuzo ebalulekileyo ukubuza kunye neengcebiso zokuthetha noogqirha kunye nezinye iingcali zonyango malunga nokhathalelo lokuphela kobomi.