Ukutya okuKosher: Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi

Umxholo

• Ithetha ntoni iKosher?
• Iindibaniselwano ezithile zokutya zivaliwe ngokungqongqo
• Ziimveliso ezithile zezilwanyana ezivunyelweyo
• Inyama (Fleishig)
• Zobisi (Milchig)
• Iintlanzi kunye namaqanda (Pareve)
• Izikhokelo zokutya okusekwe kwizityalo
• Iinkozo kunye neSonka
• Iziqhamo kunye nemifuno
• Amantongomane, iMbewu, kunye neeoyile
• Isiselo somdiliya
• Imigaqo eyahlukeneyo isebenza ngexesha lePasika
• Sisebenza njani isiqinisekiso?
• Umgca osezantsi

“IKosher” ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukutya okuhambelana nemilinganiselo engqongqo yokutya yomthetho wesintu wamaJuda.

KumaYuda amaninzi, i-kosher imalunga nokungaphezulu kwezempilo okanye ukhuseleko lokutya. Imalunga nentlonipho kunye nokunamathela kwisithethe senkolo.

Oko kwathiwa, ayizizo zonke iindawo zamaJuda ezihambelana ngqo nezikhokelo ezingqongqo ze-kosher. Abanye abantu banokukhetha ukulandela imigaqo ethile-okanye bangayilandeli kwaphela.

Eli nqaku liphonononga oko kuthethwa yi-kosher, libonisa izikhokelo zalo eziphambili zokutya, kwaye linike iimfuno zokutya ekufuneka zihlangane nazo ukuze ziqwalaselwe njenge-kosher.

Ithetha ntoni iKosher?

Igama lesiNgesi elithi "kosher" lithathwe kwingcambu yesiHebhere "kashér," okuthetha ukuba nyulu, kufanelekile, okanye ukulungele ukusetyenziswa ().

Imithetho ebonelela ngesiseko sendlela yokutya ye-kosher idityaniswa ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-kashrut kwaye ifunyenwe ngaphakathi kweTorah, incwadi yamaJuda yemibhalo engcwele. Imiyalelo yokusebenziseka ngokufanelekileyo kwale mithetho idluliswa ngokwesiko lomlomo (2).

Imithetho yokutya yokutya ebanzi ibanzi kwaye ibonelela ngesakhelo esiqinileyo semithetho engagcini nje ngokuchaza ukutya okuvumelekileyo okanye okungavumelekanga kodwa ikwagunyazisa indlela ukutya okuvumelekileyo ukuba kuveliswe, kwenziwe ngayo, kwaye kulungiswe ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa (2).

"I-Kosher" ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukutya okuhambelana nemigaqo yokutya ebekwe ngumthetho wesintu wamaJuda. Le mithetho ichaza ukuba kukuphi ukutya okunokusetyenziswa kunye nendlela ekufuneka kwenziwe ngayo, kulungiswe, kulungiswe.

Iindibaniselwano ezithile zokutya zivaliwe ngokungqongqo

Ezinye zezikhokelo eziphambili zokutya zithintela ukutya okuthile kokutya-ngakumbi oko kwenyama kunye nobisi.

Zintathu iindidi zokutya eziphambili ze-kosher:

• Inyama (fleishig): Izilwanyana ezanyisayo okanye intaka, kunye neemveliso ezivela kubo, kubandakanya amathambo okanye umhluzi.
• Ubisi (milchig): Ubisi, itshizi, ibhotolo, kunye neyogathi.
• Pareve: Nakuphi na ukutya okungeyiyo inyama okanye ubisi, kubandakanya iintlanzi, amaqanda, kunye nokutya okusekwe kwizityalo.

Ngokwesiko le-kosher, nakuphi na ukutya okuhlelwe njengenyama akunakuze kuphakwe okanye kudliwe kwisidlo esinye njengemveliso yobisi.

Ngapha koko, zonke izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukucoca inyama kunye nobisi kufuneka zigcinwe zahlukile-nditsho nasezinkini zokuhlamba kuzo.

Emva kokutya inyama, kufuneka ulinde ixesha elichongiweyo ngaphambi kokutya nayiphi na imveliso yobisi. Ubude bexesha buyahluka ngokwamasiko amaJuda awahlukeneyo kodwa zihlala ziphakathi kweyure enye kunye nesithandathu.

Ukutya ukutya okwexeshana kuthathwa njengokungathathi hlangothi kwaye kungatyiwa ecaleni kwenyama okanye kubisi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukutya ukutya okuphekiweyo kulungisiwe okanye kusetyenzwa kusetyenziswa nasiphi na isixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa inyama okanye ubisi, inokuphinda ibhalwe njenge nyama, ideri, okanye i-non-kosher.

Izikhokelo zeKosher zithintela ngokungqongqo ukudityaniswa kwayo nayiphi na inyama kunye nemveliso yobisi. Oku kukwathetha ukuba zonke izixhobo nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza inyama kunye nederi kufuneka zigcinwe zihlukile.

Ziimveliso ezithile zezilwanyana ezivunyelweyo

Inxalenye enkulu yemithetho ye-kosher ijongana nokutya okusekwe kwizilwanyana kunye nendlela exhelwa kwaye ilungiselelwe ngayo.

Ideri iphathwa njengeziko elahlukileyo kwaye akufuneki ityiwe okanye ilungiswe ecaleni kwenyama okanye iimveliso zenyama.

Iintlanzi kunye namaqanda athathelwa ingqalelo njenge-pareve kwaye aneeseti zazo zemigaqo, nazo.

Inyama (Fleishig)

Igama elithi "inyama" kumxholo we-kosher ngokubanzi libhekisa kwinyama etyiwayo evela kwiintlobo ezithile zezilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye neentaka, kunye nayo nayiphi na imveliso evela kubo, njengomhluzi, umhluzi, okanye amathambo.

Umthetho wamaJuda uthi ukuze inyama ithathelwe ingqalelo njenge-kosher, kufuneka ihlangabeze ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Imele ukuba ivela kwizilwanyana ezikhanyayo ezineempuphu eziqhekekileyo - okanye iinkomo, ezifana neenkomo, iigusha, iibhokhwe, amatakane, iinkomo kunye nexhama.
• Ukusikwa kwenyama okuvunyelweyo kuphela kuvela kwizilwanyana zerumin.
• Ezinye iintaka ezifuywayo zingatyiwa, njengenkukhu, amarhanisi, izagwityi, ihobe kunye neturkey.
• Isilwanyana kufuneka sixhelwe ngomsonto womntu - umntu oqeqeshiweyo kwaye oqinisekisiweyo wokuxhela izilwanyana ngokwemithetho yamaJuda.
• Inyama kufuneka ifakwe emanzini ukuze kususwe nayiphi na imilinganiselo yegazi ngaphambi kokupheka.
• Naziphi na izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxhela okanye ukulungisa inyama kufuneka zenziwe kosher kwaye zichongelwe kuphela ukusetyenziswa nenyama kunye neemveliso zenyama.

Ezi ndidi zilandelayo zenyama kunye neemveliso zenyama aziqwalaselwa njenge-kosher:

• Inyama yehagu, imivundla, oonomatse, iinkamela, iikhangaru, okanye amahashe
• I-Predator okanye i-scavenger birds, ezinjengeenkozi, izikhova, ii-gulls kunye nookhetshe
• Ukusikwa kwenkomo okuvela ngasemva kwesilwanyana, njengeplanga, isinqe esifutshane, isirloin, ukujikeleza, kunye ne-shank

Zobisi (Milchig)

Iimveliso zobisi-ezinje ngobisi, itshizi, ibhotolo, kunye neyogathi-ziyavunyelwa, nangona kufuneka zinamathele kwimigaqo ethile ukuze zithathelwe ingqalelo njenge-kosher:

• Bamele ukuba bavele kwisilwanyana se-kosher.
• Akufuneki zixutywe nayo nayiphi na into esekwe kwinyama, enje nge-gelatin okanye i-rennet (i-enzyme evela kwizilwanyana), edla ngokwenzeka ngeentshizi ezilukhuni kunye nezinye iimveliso zeshizi ezigqityiweyo.
• Kuya kufuneka bazilungiselele besebenzisa izixhobo ze-kosher kunye nezixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga ngaphambili ukwenza nayiphi na imveliso esekwe kwinyama.

Iintlanzi kunye namaqanda (Pareve)

Nangona nganye inemithetho yayo eyahlukeneyo, iintlanzi kunye namaqanda zihlelwa njenge-pareve, okanye ukungathathi hlangothi, oko kuthetha ukuba aqukethe ubisi okanye inyama.

Iintlanzi zithathwa njenge-kosher kuphela ukuba zivela kwisilwanyana esinamaphiko kunye nezikali, ezinje ngetuna, isalmon, i-halibut, okanye i-mackerel.

Izidalwa ezihlala emanzini ezingenazo ezi mpawu zomzimba azivumelekanga, ezinje ngeshrimp, nonkala, iimbatyisi, ilobster, kunye nezinye iintlobo zembaza.

Ngokungafaniyo nenyama ye-kosher, iintlanzi azidingi zinto zihlukeneyo ukulungiselela kwaye zinokutyiwa ecaleni kwenyama okanye iimveliso zobisi.

Amaqanda avela kwintaka ye-kosher okanye kwintlanzi avumelekile ukuba nje angabinalo umkhondo wegazi kuwo. Lo mgaqo uthetha ukuba iqanda ngalinye kufuneka lihlolwe ngokukodwa.

Njengeentlanzi, amaqanda angatyiwa ecaleni kwenyama okanye kubisi.

Izikhokelo zeKosher zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kokutya okusekwe kwizilwanyana kwizilwanyana ezithile kunye nokusikwa kwenyama exheliweyo kwalungiswa ngendlela ethile.

Izikhokelo zokutya okusekwe kwizityalo

Njengeentlanzi kunye namaqanda, ukutya okusekwe kwizityalo kuthathwa njengokutya, okanye ukungathathi hlangothi, okuthetha ukuba ayinayo inyama okanye ubisi kwaye inokudliwa kunye nalawo maqela okutya.

Nangona kuthintelwe kancinci kunenyama kunye nobisi, oku kutya kukwanazo nezazo izikhokelo ze-kosher-ngakumbi malunga nendlela ezenziwa ngayo.

Iinkozo kunye neSonka

Ngendlela yabo ecocekileyo, iinkozo kunye nokutya okutya okusanhlamvu kuthathwa njenge-kosher. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela ezithile zokulungisa zinokuthi ekugqibeleni zibonwe njenge-kosher.

Iinkozo ezilungisiweyo ezifana nesonka zisenokungabikho kosher ngenxa yezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo okanye izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Kuqhelekile ukuba ezinye izonka ziqulathe ioyile okanye ukunciphisa. Ukuba kusetyenziswa ukufinyeza okusekwe kwizilwanyana, isonka sinokuthathwa njenge-kosher.

Ngapha koko, ukuba iipani zokubhaka okanye ezinye izixhobo zithanjisiwe ngamafutha asezilwanyaneni okanye kungenjalo zisetyenziselwa ukupheka nayiphi na inyama okanye isitya esineemveliso zobisi, imveliso yokugqibela ayisekho kosher.

Kuba ezi ndidi zendlela yokulungisa azichazwanga ngokwesiqhelo kumgangatho wesondlo okanye iilebheli zezithako, isonka kunye neemveliso zeenkozo kufuneka ziqinisekiswe njenge-kosher ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukutya kuyahambelana nazo zonke izikhokelo ezifanelekileyo.

Iziqhamo kunye nemifuno

Ngokufana neenkozo, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno iyasherher kwifom yazo engacwangciswanga.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba izinambuzane zingafakwanga i-kosher, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno esandul

Ngapha koko, iziqhamo kunye nemveliso yemifuno eveliswayo kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezingezizo ezes kosher, ezinje ngayo nantoni na eqhuba ubisi nenyama, ayisiyo kosher.

Amantongomane, iMbewu, kunye neeoyile

Ngokubanzi, amandongomane, iimbewu, kunye neeoyile ezivela kuzo zi-kosher.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhubekeka okunzima koku kutya kuhlala kubenza bangabinayo i-kosher ngenxa yongcoliseko lwezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza inyama kunye / okanye iimveliso zobisi.

Uninzi lweoyile yemifuno nembewu ludlula kumanyathelo anzima ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe njengokutya. Elinye lala manyathelo kufuneka lijongwe ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwezikhokelo ze-kosher ().

Ke, ukuze uqiniseke ngokupheleleyo ukuba iioyile ozisebenzisayo ziyasherher, kungcono ujonge ileyibhile yesatifikethi.

Isiselo somdiliya

Njengokutya, iwayini kufuneka iveliswe kusetyenziswa izixhobo ze-kosher kunye nezithako ezinokuthi zithathwe njenge-kosher. Oku kubandakanya nasiphi na isixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukuvuna nokulungiselela iidiliya zokuvumba.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba iwayini ibalulekile kumaxesha amaninzi enkolo yamaJuda, kunyanzeliswa imithetho engqongqo.

Ngapha koko, yonke inkqubo yokuveliswa kwewayini ye-kosher kufuneka yenziwe kwaye ijongwe ngamaJuda aqhelekileyo. Ngaphandle koko, iwayini ayinakuthathwa njenge-kosher.

Uninzi lokutya okusekwe kwizityalo kuthathwa njenge-kosher. Nangona kunjalo, banokuphulukana neli nqanaba ukuba bayacutshungulwa okanye balungiselelwe kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezingezizo ezosher.

Imigaqo eyahlukeneyo isebenza ngexesha lePasika

Izithintelo ezongezelelekileyo zokutya zisebenza ngexesha leholide yenkolo yePasika.

Nangona kukho ukwahluka ekubambeni izikhokelo zokutya ngePasika, zonke iimveliso zerhasi ezinegwele ngokwesiko azivumelekanga.

Oku kutya kubizwa ngokudibeneyo njenge “chametz” kwaye kubandakanya ezi ngqolowa zilandelayo:

• Ingqolowa
• Oats
• Rye
• Irhasi
• Ipelwe

Oko kwathethi, ezinye zezi ngqolowa zinokuvunyelwa ukuba nje bezingadibani nabuphi na ubumanzi ngaphezu kwemizuzu eli-18 kwaye azinazo naziphi na izinto ezongeziweyo, ezinje ngegwele.

Kungenxa yoko le nto i-matzo, uhlobo lwesonka esingafakwanga singenagwele, ingathathelwa ingqalelo njenge-chametz-nangona ngokwesiko yenziwe ngengqolowa.

Ngexesha lePasika, zonke iimveliso zengqolowa enegwele azivumelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, izonka ezingenagwele, ezinje nge matzo, ziyavunyelwa.

Sisebenza njani isiqinisekiso?

Ngenxa yeendlela zokutya zokutya okuntsonkothileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukutya okutyayo kukho kosher kunokuba ngumceli mngeni omkhulu.

Kungenxa yoko le nto iinkqubo zisendaweni yokuqinisekisa iimveliso ezithile zokutya.

Ukutya kuqinisekisile i-kosher inelebheli kwiphakheji yazo ebonisa ukuba bazifezekisile zonke iimfuno eziyimfuneko.

Kukho uninzi lweelebheli ezahlukeneyo ze-kosher, uninzi lwazo luvela kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo yokuqinisekisa. Ukuba ukutya kuqinisekisiwe ngePasika, oku kuya kuboniswa kwileyibhile eyahlukileyo. Iilebhile zingabonisa ukuba ukutya kubisi, inyama, okanye i-pareve.

Ukuba uzama ukubambelela kwizikhokelo zokutya ze-kosher, kungcono ukhethe kuphela ukutya okuneelebheli ukuze kuthintelwe ngengozi ukutya into engekho kosher.

Ukuba ugcina i-kosher, qiniseka ukuba ujonga iilebhile ezifanelekileyo xa uthenga. Ukutya kwe-kosher kuhlala kubandakanya isatifikethi sokuqinisekisa ukuba badibene nayo yonke imiqathango eyimfuneko.

Umgca osezantsi

"I-Kosher" ibhekisa kwisakhelo sendlela yokutya yamaJuda yokulungiselela ukutya, ukwenziwa kunye nokusetyenziswa

Nangona umahluko ukhona, uninzi lwezikhokelo ziyakwala ukudibanisa inyama kunye nobisi kwaye zivumela kuphela izilwanyana ezithile ukuba zityiwe.

Ukutya okungaqwalaselwa njengenyama okanye ubisi kuyamkelwa ngokubanzi, ngaphandle kokuba kuveliswa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ze-kosher kunye nezenzo.

Imithetho eyongezelelweyo inokumiselwa ngexesha leeholide zonqulo.

Ngenxa yokuntsokotha kwemveliso yokutya yale mihla, kunokuba nzima ukwazi ukuba uninzi lokutya okusenziweyo kusher. Ukuthintela nakuphi na ukungahambi kakuhle, soloko ujonga iilebheli zesatifikethi se-kosher.