Isayikholojisti vs.Psychiatrist: Yintoni umahluko?

Umxholo

• Ukufana nokwahluka
• Umahluko ekusebenzeni
• Oogqirha bengqondo
• Iingcali zengqondo
• Umahluko kwezemfundo
• Oogqirha bengqondo
• Iingcali zengqondo
• Ukukhetha phakathi kwezi zimbini
• Ukuqwalaselwa kwezezimali
• Umgca wezantsi

Ukufana nokwahluka

Izihloko zabo zivakala ngokufanayo, kwaye bobabini baqeqeshelwe ukuxilonga nokunyanga abantu abaneemeko zempilo yengqondo. Ukanti iingcali zengqondo kunye noogqirha bengqondo abafani. Nganye yezi ngcali zinemvelaphi eyahlukeneyo yemfundo, uqeqesho, kunye nendima kunyango.

Oogqirha bengqondo banezidanga zonyango kunye neziqinisekiso eziphambili zokuba ngumhlali kunye nezobugcisa kwizifundo zengqondo. Basebenzisa unyango lwentetho, amayeza, kunye nolunye unyango ukunyanga abantu abaneemeko zempilo yengqondo.

Iingcali zengqondo zinezinga eliphambili, njenge-PhD okanye i-PsyD. Ngokuqhelekileyo, basebenzisa unyango lokunyanga ukunyanga iimeko zempilo yengqondo. Banokusebenza njengabacebisi kunye nabanye ababoneleli ngezempilo okanye unyango lonyango kuzo zonke iinkqubo zonyango.

Zombini ezi ntlobo zababoneleli kufuneka zinikwe iphepha-mvume lokuziqhelanisa. Oogqirha bengqondo bakwanelayisensi njengoogqirha.

Funda apha ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngomahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini kunye nendlela yokwenza isigqibo malunga nento oza kuyibona.

Umahluko ekusebenzeni

Oochwephesha bezengqondo kunye noochwephesha basebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukunyanga imeko yezempilo yengqondo. Ngamanye amaxesha basebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Oogqirha bengqondo

Oogqirha bengqondo banokusebenza nakwezinye izicwangciso:

• izenzo zabucala
• ezibhedlele
• izibhedlele zengqondo
• amaziko ezonyango eyunivesithi
• amakhaya abalupheleyo
• iintolongo
• iinkqubo zokubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili
• Iinkqubo zokunyamekela abantu abagulela ukufa

Bahlala bephatha abantu abanempilo yengqondo efuna amayeza, anje ngala:

• ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo
• Ingxaki yokungahambi kakuhle (ADHD)
• ukuxhuzula
• uxinzelelo olukhulu
• Uxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo lwasemva (PTSD)
• schizophrenia

Iingcali zengqondo zichonga ezi kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo zisebenzisa:

• iimvavanyo zengqondo
• Uvavanyo lomntu ngamnye
• Uvavanyo lwelebhu ukuthintela izizathu zomzimba ezibonakalayo zeempawu

Nje ukuba benze uxilongo, oogqirha bengqondo banokukuthumela kugqirha wezifo zengqondo kunyango okanye bakunike amayeza.

Amanye amayeza onyango abagqirha abandakanya:

• iziyobisi
• amayeza antipsychotic
• ezizinzisayo
• ezikhuthazayo
• umthomalalisi

Emva kokumisela umntu amayeza, ugqirha wengqondo uya kubabeka esweni ngokusondeleyo kwiimpawu zokuphucula kunye naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ngokusekwe kolu lwazi, banokwenza utshintsho kumthamo okanye kuhlobo lonyango.

Oogqirha bengqondo banokumisela ezinye iintlobo zonyango, kubandakanya:

• Unyango lwe-Electroconvulsive. Unyango lwe-Electroconvulsive lubandakanya ukusebenzisa imisinga yombane kwingqondo. Olu nyango luhlala lugcinelwe iimeko zoxinzelelo olukhulu ezingaphenduliyo nakwezinye iintlobo zonyango.
• Unyango olukhanyayo. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okungekuko ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwamaxesha onyaka, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezingafumani kukhanya kakhulu kwelanga.

Xa kunyangwa abantwana, oogqirha bengqondo baya kuqala ngovavanyo olubanzi lwempilo yengqondo.Oku kuyabanceda ukuba bavavanye izinto ezininzi ezisisiseko semicimbi yempilo yomntwana, kubandakanya iimvakalelo, ukuqonda, ukufundisa, usapho kunye nemfuza.

Isicwangciso sonyango lonyango lwabantwana sinokubandakanya:

• umntu ngamnye, iqela, okanye unyango lwentetho yosapho
• amayeza
• ukubonisana nabanye oogqirha okanye iingcali ezikolweni, iiarhente zentlalo, okanye imibutho yoluntu

Iingcali zengqondo

Iingcali zengqondo ngokufanayo zisebenza nabantu abaneemeko zempilo yengqondo. Bachonga ezi meko kusetyenziswa udliwanondlebe, uphando kunye nokujonga.

Omnye umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwaba baqeqeshi bezempilo yengqondo kukuba oochwephesha bengqondo abanakho ukumisela amayeza. Nangona kunjalo, ngeziqinisekiso ezongezelelweyo, iingcali zengqondo zinokuyalela amayeza kumazwe amahlanu:

• Idaho
• Iowa
• I-Illinois
• ELouisiana
• ENew Mexico

Banokuyalela amayeza ukuba bayasebenza emkhosini, kwiNkonzo yezeMpilo yaseIndiya, okanye eGuam.

Ingcali yezengqondo inokusebenza nakuphi na useto olufanayo nonyango lwengqondo, kubandakanya:

• izenzo zabucala
• ezibhedlele
• izibhedlele zengqondo
• amaziko ezonyango eyunivesithi
• amakhaya abalupheleyo
• iintolongo
• iinkqubo zokubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili
• Iinkqubo zokunyamekela abantu abagulela ukufa

Bahlala bephatha abantu ngonyango lokuthetha. Olu nyango lubandakanya ukuhlala kunye nonyango kunye nokuthetha ngayo nayiphi na imiba. Ngaphezulu kweseshoni yeeseshoni, ugqirha wezengqondo uza kusebenza nomntu ukubanceda baqonde ngcono iimpawu zabo kunye nendlela yokulawula.

Ukunyanga ngokuziphatha luhlobo lonyango oluthethwayo olusetyenziswa ngoochwephesha bezengqondo. Yindlela egxile ekuncedeni abantu boyise iingcinga ezimbi kunye neepatheni zokucinga.

Ukuthetha ngonyango kungathatha iindlela ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• umntu ngamnye nonyango
• unyango losapho
• unyango lweqela

Xa kunyangwa abantwana, oochwephesha bengqondo banokuvavanya indawo ngaphandle kwempilo yengqondo, kubandakanya nokusebenza kwengqondo kunye namandla okufunda.

Banokwenza iintlobo zonyango abathi oogqirha bezigulo zengqondo abazenzi ngokwesiqhelo, njengokudlala unyango. Olu hlobo lonyango lubandakanya ukuvumela abantwana ukuba badlale ngokukhululekileyo kwigumbi lokudlala elikhuselekileyo elinemithetho okanye imida embalwa kakhulu.

Ngokujonga abantwana bedlala, iingcali zengqondo zinokufumana ukuqonda kokuziphatha okuphazamisayo kunye nokuba umntwana akonwabanga ukukuchaza. Banokufundisa abantwana izakhono zonxibelelwano, izakhono zokusombulula iingxaki, kunye nokuziphatha okuhle ngakumbi.

Umahluko kwezemfundo

Ukongeza kwiyantlukwano ekusebenzeni, oogqirha bengqondo kunye noochwephesha bezengqondo banemvelaphi eyahlukeneyo yemfundo kunye neemfuno zoqeqesho.

Oogqirha bengqondo

Abagqirha bezengqondo baphumelele kwisikolo sezonyango esinye seedigri ezimbini:

• ugqirha wamayeza (MD)
• Ugqirha wamayeza e-osteopathic (DO)

Funda ngakumbi ngumahluko phakathi kwe-MD kunye ne-DO.

Emva kokufumana isidanga, bathatha uviwo olubhaliweyo ukuze bafumane ilayisensi kwilizwe labo ukuba basebenzise amayeza.

Ukuze babe ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo, kufuneka bagqibe iminyaka emine yokuhlala. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, basebenza nabantu kwizibhedlele nakwizilungiso zezigulana ezingalaliswayo. Bafunda indlela yokuchonga nokunyanga iimeko zempilo yengqondo kusetyenziswa amayeza, unyango kunye nolunye unyango.

Oogqirha bengqondo kufuneka bathathe uviwo olunikezwe yiBhodi yaseMelika yoNyango lwezeMpilo kunye neNeurology ukuze baqinisekiswe ngebhodi. Kuya kufuneka baphinde bachaze yonke iminyaka eli-10.

Abanye oogqirha bengqondo bafumana uqeqesho olongezelelekileyo kubuchule, obufana:

• amayeza amakhoboka
• isifo sengqondo somntwana nesokufikisa
• Unyango lwengqondo
• uphando lwengqondo
• iyeza lentlungu
• iyeza lokulala

Iingcali zengqondo

Iingcali zengqondo zigqibe isikolo esiphumeleleyo kunye noqeqesho kwinqanaba lobugqirha. Banokulandela enye yezi nqanaba:

• ugqirha wefilosofi (PhD)
• ugqirha wezengqondo (PsyD)

Kuthatha iminyaka emine ukuya kwemithandathu ukufumana enye yezi degree. Nje ukuba bazuze isidanga, iingcali zengqondo zigqiba enye ukuya kwiminyaka emibini yoqeqesho ebandakanya ukusebenza nabantu. Okokugqibela, kufuneka bathathe uviwo ukuze babe nelayisensi kwilizwe labo.

Njengabagula ngengqondo, iingcali zeengqondo zinokufumana uqeqesho kwizifundo ezinje:

• kwengqondo yezonyango
• inkqubo yezonyango
• inzululwazi yengqondo
• Uvavanyo lweengqondo
• Ingqondo yengqondo
• Psychology yomntwana kunye nokufikisa

Ukukhetha phakathi kwezi zimbini

Ugqirha wezifo zengqondo unokukhetha ngcono ukuba unengxaki yezempilo yengqondo efuna unyango, njenge:

• uxinzelelo olunzulu
• ukuxhuzula
• schizophrenia

Ukuba uhamba ngexesha elinzima okanye ufuna ukusebenza ekuqondeni ngcono iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha kwakho, ugqirha wezengqondo unokukhetha okungcono.

Ukuba ungumzali ujonge kunyango lomntwana wakho, ugqirha wezengqondo unokukwazi ukubonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, ezinjengokudlala unyango. Ugqirha wezifo zengqondo unokukhetha ngcono ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yengqondo efuna unyango.

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba iimeko ezininzi zempilo yengqondo, kubandakanya ukudakumba kunye noxinzelelo, zihlala ziphathwa ngokudibanisa amayeza kunye nonyango lokuthetha.

Kule meko, kuhlala kuluncedo ukubona zombini ugqirha wezifo zengqondo kunye nesazi ngengqondo. Isayikholojisti iya kwenza iiseshoni zonyango rhoqo, ngelixa ugqirha wezifo zengqondo elawula amayeza.

Nokuba yeyiphi ingcali okhetha ukuyibona, qiniseka ukuba bane:

• amava anyange imeko yakho yempilo yengqondo
• indlela kunye nendlela ekwenza uzive ukhululekile
• izithuba ezivulekileyo ezaneleyo ukuze ungalindi ukubonwa

Ukuqwalaselwa kwezezimali

Ukuba unayo i-inshurensi, kuya kufuneka ucele ugqirha wakho oyintloko ukuba athunyelwe kugqirha wezifo zengqondo nakwisayikholojisti. Ezinye izicwangciso zinokuvumela ukuba ubone zombini ngaphandle kokudluliselwa.

Ukuba awunayo i-inshurensi kwaye ukhathazekile malunga neendleko zonyango, usenokhetho. Cinga ngokufikelela kwiikholeji zalapha ekhaya nonyango lwengqondo, ubuchwephesha bengqondo, okanye iinkqubo zokuziphatha. Banokubonelela ngeenkonzo zasimahla okanye zexabiso eliphantsi ezinikezelwa ngabafundi abaphumeleleyo phantsi kweliso lobungcali.

Ezinye iingcali zengqondo zikwabonelela ngenkqubo yokuhlawula isikali esilahlayo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uhlawule oko unokufikelela. Suziva ungakhululekanga ukubuza ukuba kukho umntu okubonelelayo; ngumbuzo oqhelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo kwizazi ngengqondo. Ukuba abayi kukunika mpendulo okanye babonakale bengathandi ukuxoxa nawe ngamaxabiso, ngekhe bakulungele, nokuba kunjalo.

I-NeedyMeds, engenzi nzuzo ezinikele ekuncedeni abantu bafumane unyango olufikelelekayo kunye namayeza, ikwabonelela ngezixhobo zokufumana iiklinikhi zexabiso eliphantsi kunye nezaphulelo kumayeza.

Umgca wezantsi

Iingcali zengqondo kunye noochwephesha bezengqondo ziindidi ezimbini zeengcali zempilo yengqondo. Ngelixa banokufana okufana, badlala iindima ezahlukeneyo kuseto lokhathalelo lwempilo.

Zombini ziphatha iimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo yengqondo, kodwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngelixa oogqirha bengqondo behlala besebenzisa umxube wonyango kunye namayeza, iingcali zengqondo zigxile ekunikezeleni unyango.