Kutheni le nto umngcipheko wokuSebenzisa iziyobisi uphezulu kubantu be-LGBTQ

Umxholo

• Amanqanaba aphezulu okuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
• Uxinzelelo lwekratshi
• Ukufumana uncedo kunye nonyango
• ‘Inkqubo eqhubekayo’

Malunga neminyaka esixhenxe eyadlulayo, "uRamone," u-28, wathi wazifumana ekwimeko "awayengazange wazicinga ngaphambili."

Waye wafudukela kwisiXeko saseNew York esuka kurhulumente ngaphandle konxibelelwano oluninzi okanye umsebenzi, kunye nesingqengqelo esivela kwigumbi ukuya kwelinye.

Ngexesha elithile ahlawule irente, wajika wasebenza njengomkhaphi.

Emva koko, ngomhla wokuzalwa kwakhe wama-21, wafunda ukuba wafumanisa ukuba une-HIV. Ekugqibeleni, wazifumana ehlala kwindawo yokuhlala engenamakhaya esixekweni.

URamone, owayengafuni ukubizwa ngegama lakhe elipheleleyo, uthi into eyenzeka ngokuqhubekayo ngeli xesha lotshintsho kunye nomceli mngeni kukuxhomekeka kwizinto.

Ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kotywala ekuhlaleni nokuzonwabisa kunye nentsangu yayingezona zithintelo kubomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla, uthi ukuba likhoboka lecrystal meth kwaba yeyona nto iphambili kubomi bakhe obubizwa ngokuba "bubomi obunemveliso."

"ICrystal meth yaziswa kum ngabantu ababengenamdla entliziyweni yam," utshilo uRamone kuHealthline. “Ndisaqhubeka ukunxibelelana nabanye baba bantu unanamhla, rhoqo emva kwenyanga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bayavela. Ewe, ndicinga ‘oh nkosi yam, bekungafanelekanga ukuba ndihlale ndidibana nabo.’ Kodwa babekhona xa ndifuna indawo yokuhlala, xa ndingenamntu, nakuphi na ukutya, nendawo yokuhlala. Ngelishwa bebekhona. ”

Amava kaRamone aqhelekanga kwizigidi zabantu baseUnited States abaphila neziyobisi kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa iziyobisi.

Uphononongo lukaZwelonke luka-2017 loSetyenziso lweziyobisi kunye nezeMpilo lubika ukuba i-18.7 yezigidi zabantu abaneminyaka eyi-18 okanye nangaphezulu babenengxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi e-United States. Kwale ngxelo yafumanisa ukuba malunga nabantu abathathu kwabasi-8 bayasokola ukuxhomekeka "kwiziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni," malunga ne-3 kwaba-4 baphila nokusetyenziswa kotywala, ngelixa umntu omnye kwabasi-9 ejongene neziyobisi kunye notywala.

Ukongeza, ibali likaRamone linokunyusa ukuqondwa kwecandelo elithile labemi: abantu be-LGBTQ.

Njengelungu elizimeleyo loluntu lwe-LGBTQ, amava kaRamone abonisa ubukho obuphezulu kwezi ngxaki phakathi kwamaMelika e-LGBTQ.

Kutheni le nto le micimbi ixhaphakile kuluntu olukhulu lwe-LGBTQ?

Izifundo ezininzi kunye nomsebenzi ovela kubacebisi kunye nabameli ebaleni bazamile ukuphendula lo mbuzo unzima kangangeminyaka. Ukusuka ekujongeni "ibha yesitabane" njengendawo ekhuselekileyo yeendibano ze-LGBTQ ukuya kuxinzelelo lwenkcubeko olunokushiya abantu kolu luntu ikakhulu bachaphazeleka kukuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni iziyobisi, sisihloko esintsonkothileyo, esinamacala amaninzi.

KuRamone, ngoku ophila ubomi obungenangqondo, kunye nabanye abanjengaye abachonga njenge-LGBTQ, ngumzabalazo ongaguquguqukiyo osekwe kuluhlu lwezinto ezinzulu.

Amanqanaba aphezulu okuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi

NgoJanuwari, uphando olupapashwe kwi-LGBT yezeMpilo lwalatha kumazinga aphezulu kakhulu okusetyenziswa kweziyobisi phakathi kwabantu abakwi-LGBTQ.

Iqela lophando elaphuma kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan lajonga idatha ye-2012-2013 kwi-National Epidemiological Survey yoTywala kunye neMeko ezinxulumene noko-III. Kubantu abadala abangama-36,309 abaphononongiweyo, malunga neepesenti ezi-6 zawela phantsi kodidi "lwezinto ezincinci zesini," oko kuthetha ukuba khange bachonge njengabantu abatshatileyo.

Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba abantu abachonge njengabantu abathandana nabathandana nabathandana namanye okanye abathandana namanye amadoda babengamathuba aphindwe kabini kunabantu ababonwa njengabantu abathandana nabantu besini esinye ukuba babe nengxaki yotywala okanye yokusetyenziswa kwecuba, "ngelixa abantu abachonge njengabantu abathandanayo besabelana ngamathuba amathathu okuba uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.

Abo babengaqinisekanga ngendlela yokuchonga isazisi sabo babephindwe kahlanu amathuba okuba babe nengxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi kunabantu abathandana besisini esinye.

“Siyazi ukuba abantu be-LGB (abathandana besini esinye, abesilisa abathandanayo nabathandana nabesini esinye) babenobuninzi bokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, kodwa esi sisifundo sokuqala sokubhala ubungqongqo besiphazamiso sokusetyenziswa kotywala, ukuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni icuba, kunye nokuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni iziyobisi ngokusekwe kwiindlela zokuqonda isifo (DSM) -5) usebenzisa isampulu yabameli baseMelika, ”umbhali okhokelayo uCarol Boyd, PhD, RN, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan School of Nursing, uxelele iHealthline.

UBoyd ucacisile ukuba izifundo zangaphambili bezingabanzi kakhulu. Umzekelo, abo baqhuba olu hlobo lophando baya kugaya amadoda angama-gay kwimivalo kwaye ubabuze malunga nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi notywala.

Uthe ezinye izifundo ezindala ziya kugxila kuphela etywaleni kwaye azikho ezinye iziyobisi okanye iziyobisi.

Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto yenza olu phononongo lwahluka kukuba yayijolise kotywala, icuba kunye neziyobisi.

Isifundo sikaBoyd sinendawo ezingaboniyo. Umzekelo, kukho okushiyekileyo okucacileyo kwisifinyezo se-LGBTQ.

U-Boyd uqaphele ukuba isifundo sakhe asikhange sivavanye amalungu e-transgender yoluntu, eyibiza ngokuba "sisithuba esibonakalayo" kuphando "ekufuneka luzaliswe luphando lwexesha elizayo."

Uye wongeza, "Kwilixa elizayo, izifundo kufuneka zibuze abaphenduli malunga nesini ababelwe lona ekuzalweni, kwaye ingaba oku kuyahambelana nesini sabo," wongeze watsho.

Ngelixa isifundo sikaBoyd singakhange sivavanye ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kubemi be-transgender, abanye abambalwa baye.

Olunye uphononongo lwakutsha nje lufumanise ukuba idatha evela kwi-2013-2015 California Health Kids Survey (i-CHKS) ibonise abafundi be-transgender malunga namaxesha ama-2 1/2 amathuba okuba basebenzise iziyobisi ezinje nge-methamphetamines kunye necocaine kunontanga yabo ye-cisgender.

UHeather Zayde, i-LCSW, unontlalontle osekliniki eseBrooklyn kunye nonyango lwengqondo, uxelele i-Healthline ukuba kubantu abancinci kuluntu lwe-LGBTQ, ukubakho kokuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni iziyobisi kuyinyani.

"Kolu lutsha, kukho uloyiko lokungena kuluntu abanokuthi babone ukuba luyabalahla," utshilo uZayde. “Mkhulu umsebenzi omninzi ohamba kwicala elilungileyo, nokwamkelwa kwabantu bonke, kodwa ke kukho umyalezo ovela kubongameli bangoku, umzekelo, apho abantwana beva izinto ezoyikisayo ezivela kubunkokheli - kunzima kakhulu, ngakumbi kwabo abantwana abangamkelekanga. ”

Ucacisile ukuba aba bantu abancinci bahlala boyika ukungamkelwa ngabo basondeleyo kubo, ukusuka kwiintsapho zabo ukuya koontanga babo. Kwaba bantwana, akukho "kuphuncuka kolo loyiko" lokugatywa, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi izinto zinokuba yinto "elula" kubo yokunceda ukulawula iimvakalelo zabo.

Uxinzelelo lwekratshi

NgoJuni 2019 kuphawulwa isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-50 yoqhushululu lwaseStonewall Inn kwisiXeko saseNew York, umzuzu wokuntywila kwimbali ye-LGBTQ eyathi, ngokuyinxenye, yakhuthaza ukubonakala okukhulu kunye nobutshantliziyo kuluntu lwe-LGBTQ.

Iibhloko nje kude ne-Stonewall, uJoe Disano usebenza njengomcebisi wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kwiLesbian, Gay, Bisexual kunye neTransgender Community Centre (eyaziwa njengeZiko) kwindawo yaseNew York City eWest Village.

UDisano wathi ngokwembali abantu abaninzi be-LGBTQ abavakalelwa kukuba "babekwa ibala eluntwini" bafumana iindawo ezikhuselekileyo kwiindawo zasebusuku nakwimivalo.

Yinto ehlala kwisiXeko saseNew York "uMarko," 42, onqwenela ukungaziwa ngegama lakhe elipheleleyo, uyiqonda kakuhle.

Ngoku uphila iminyaka emi-2/2 epheleleyo ekuvuseleleni ekusebenziseni iziyobisi kunye notywala, uMark, osisitabane, ukhumbula indlela awayeziva ngayo xa wayeqala ukuya kwimivalo yesini njengomntu oselula.

Ekuqaleni wayevela eCincinnati, eOhio, uMarko wathi waqala wazivelela ukuba ulifanasini emva kokuba ephumelele kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Uthe icawe yakhe ineqela lezitabane apho abantu abancinci banokuqokelelana kwaye bazive bekhuselekile, kodwa ngokuya esiba mdala, wazitsalela “apho zazikho zonke ezinye izitabane - ibha.”

"Ke, kule minyaka ingama-20 izayo, bendisazi ukuba xa ulifanasini, yiya kwimivalo nakwiiklabhu," uxelele uHealthline. “Kule minyaka idlulileyo, ubanjisiwe. Awunakho ukhetho. Ingathi ‘ulifanasini, nantsi ibhotile, nantsi ingxowa.’ ”

Uthe ngoku ekubuyiseni kwakhe, uye waqonda ukuba ubomi obudlulileyo bentlalo obujikeleza kuphela kwiziyobisi kunye notywala yinto eyamncedayo ukuba azive ephazamisekile.

Ngokwamava kaMarko, ukuhamba ebomini njengendoda eyindoda athandana nayo kwakuthetha ukurhuqa imithwalo yeemvakalelo ezingcwatyelwe kwisazela sakhe - ixhala kunye noxinzelelo lokungcungcuthekiswa kunye nokwaliwa.

Uye wathi uziva ukuba le yinto enokubangela ukuba abantu abaninzi be-LGBTQ njengaye baguqukele ekusebenziseni iziyobisi ukuze babaleke okwethutyana iintlungu zabo.

“Bonke abantu banamanqanaba athile entlungu abayithweleyo, kodwa ndicinga ukuba kukulalana okanye ukomelela, kukho izinto esihamba nazo. Njengazo, zikhona ezinye iindlela, kodwa awuzifuni, uye kwiklabhu, uye ebharini, ke ndiziva ukuba yiyo yonke into oyenzayo, kuyonakalisa ngokwenene, utshilo.

KuMark konke oku kusela kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kugalelwe kukuziva uxinzelelo olunzulu, kwaye kwafikelela kwinqanaba apho iingcinga zokuzibulala zaba "ziqwalaselwe".

Ukhumbule ukuba, emva kwempelaveki ethile yokwenza iklabhu, wagqiba kwelokuba afune uncedo. Waya entlanganisweni e-The Centre eNew York, kwaye wabethwa yinto yokuba wadibana nabanye abantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nabo ababengafuni “ukundinxilisa okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi [kwaye babezama nje] ukuzama indlela yokuphuma koku, kakhulu. ”

UMark uthe enye yemiceli mngeni yakhe emikhulu yokufuna ukuphila ubomi obungenasidima yayikukuya kwindlela “amanqanaba” okusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi athi abakho ebomini bakhe kwaye umbono wakhe “wawuthotyiwe.”

Kuye, inxenye yokuphila ubomi obungenangqondo kwakuthetha ukufunda ukuba ezinye zeendlela zokuziphatha awazamkelayo njengenxalenye yobusuku "obuqhelekileyo" yayingeyonto iqhelekileyo.

“Umzekelo, umntu odlula iidosi kumgangatho wokudanisa, ndingacinga ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo, ngokungathi kufuneka ndiphinde ndifunde ukuba yayingeyonto iqhelekileyo ukuba abantu bagqithise kwaye bawe ngobuso, kwaye bangabikho zingqondweni. Ndithathe ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo ukuze ndifunde ukuba ‘oh, ayisiyonto iqhelekileyo leyo,’ utshilo uMark.

Ngoku, uMarko uthe unombulelo ngombono wakhe omtsha kunye nokukwazi ukubandakanya abantu kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngaphandle kweziyobisi okanye utywala.

"Ngaphakathi awudingi ukuya kunxila rhoqo ngokuhlwa," utshilo ngengcebiso awayeza kuyinika umntu wakhe omncinci. Kuthatha umsebenzi ukugxila 'kuwe.' ”

Ukufumana uncedo kunye nonyango

UCraig Sloane, i-LCSW, i-CASAC, i-CSAT, ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo kunye noonontlalontle kwezonyango owaziyo ukuba kunjani ukunceda abanye ngokululama nokufuna uncedo kuye. Njengendoda eyaziwayo eyaziwayo ekuvuseleleni, uSloane wathi kunyanzelekile ukuba ungapeyinti amava omntu wonke ngebrashi ebanzi.

“Wonke umntu wahlukile. Awunakho ukuzenza ngathi uyayazi imeko yomntu wonke ukuba injani, kodwa ngokubanzi, ndicinga ukuba ukuba novelwano lwamava okwazi ukuba kunzima kangakanani ukucela uncedo, kwaye ndinamava ngokwazi ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo inokwenzeka, indivumela ukuba ndidlulise uhlobo oluthile lwethemba, utshilo uSloane.

Ngokomsebenzi, wathi akayabelani ngembali yakhe nabantu abasebenza nabo, kodwa wongeze ngelithi amava akhe anokunceda ekwaziseni ukuqonda kwakhe ukuba batyhubela phi.

USloane waphinda uMarko kunye noDisano ukuba ukukhula kunye nokuba mdala kunye ne-LGBTQ yesazisi kunokubashiya abanye abantu benqanaba elithile loxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo.

"Ukonzakala okunxulunyaniswa nehlazo ekuhlaleni lokuba yi-LGBTQ, yokuhlala kwinkcubeko, ubukhulu becala, ebathandayo abantu abathandana besisini esinye kunye nabesini esahlukileyo, iyothusa," ucacisile uSloane. "Ukusuka kumava okuxhatshazwa nokulahlwa ngabahlobo kunye nosapho, ngelishwa ezo zinto ziyinyani ngo-2019. Kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe, iindawo ezikhuselekileyo zokuya kwabantu abangahambiyo yimivalo. oonobangela bokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kubantu be-LGBTQ. ”

Wongeze ngelithi kumalungu oluntu lwe-transgender, ngakumbi, ukwaliwa kunye nokuzihlukanisa koontanga kunye nosapho kunokuba phezulu. Onke la mava anegalelo "kuxinzelelo oluncinci," oluchazwe nguSloane njengamanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo oluviwa ngamaqela ahlelelekileyo, eshiya uninzi lwee-LGBTQ zichaphazeleka kukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi.

UGqr.Alex S. Keuroghlian, MPH, umlawuli weenkqubo zemfundo noqeqesho eFenway Institute kunye noNjingalwazi oncedisayo kwizifundo zengqondo kwiHarvard Medical School, uthe abantu be-LGBTQ abafuna unyango banokuba nobunzima ekufumaneni imeko yezempilo.

Unyango lweziyobisi kufuneka lulungiselelwe abantu be-LGBTQ, utshilo. “Kufuneka sifake imigaqo-nkqubo yonyango yokucinezeleka kwiindlela ezisekwe kubungqina. Ababoneleli kufuneka balungiselele kwaye bajongane nonyango kwizinto ezinje ngokusetyenziswa kwe-opioid phakathi kwabantu be-LGBTQ, umzekelo. ”

Ukongeza, wachaza ukuba ababoneleli bezonyango kufuneka baqonde ngokuchanekileyo ukuba abaqhubi bokuba likhoboka liboshwe njani kuxinzelelo oluncinci.

U-Keuroghlian wongeze ukuba izinto ziye zaphucuka ngeendlela ezithile, nangona kunjalo kusafuneka kwenziwe ukwenza inkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo ebandakanyayo. Ngapha koko, uthe ukuwelwa ukuba athethe eTennessee malunga nokujongana nengxaki ye-opioid kuluntu lwe-LGBTQ.

"I-Tennessee yindawo apho abantu abanakulindela ukubona umdla ekuphuculeni ukhathalelo kule ndawo, kodwa olu hlobo lwento luyenzeka kwilizwe liphela, kukho umsebenzi omkhulu owenziwayo ekungekho mntu uve ngawo," utshilo.

UFrancisco J. Lazala, MPA, umququzeleli wenkqubo, iinkonzo zolawulo lwamatyala eHarlem United, iziko lezempilo loluntu kwisiXeko saseNew York, uthe baninzi abantu abancinci be-LGBTQ phaya abafuna izindlu nokhathalelo lwempilo kunenani leenkqubo kunye neenkonzo ezixhaswa ngemali. oko kunokunceda ukuphendula iimfuno zabo.

ULazala uthe iHarlem United ikhonza kakhulu abantu abancinci bebala kunye namalungu amaqela abekelwe bucala eza kuye efuna inkxaso kunye nokhuseleko.

Uninzi lolutsha alusebenzisayo lunamava okungabi namakhaya kunye neziyobisi.

Uthe amanye amabali ayakhuthaza kunamanye.

Kwiveki enye nodliwanondlebe kunye neHealthline, uLazala wathi ibhinqa eliselula awayesebenza nalo lize kumbona. Wayekhe waphila ngokuxhomekeka etywaleni ngaphambili. Uveze ukuba emva nje kokuba eyekile utywala, wafumanisa ukuba une-HIV.

"Intliziyo yam yaphuka nje," watsho. "Kubuhlungu ukubona olu lutsha [lubetha ezi ndidi zeendlela kwaye] zimbalwa iinkonzo kulutsha olune-HIV."

‘Inkqubo eqhubekayo’

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu emva kweTywallwall, uLazala waqaphela ukuba iyamangalisa indlela iindawo ebezikade ziziindawo zokuhlala kunye neendawo ezikhuselekileyo- njengommandla waseWest Village kufutshane neStonewall kunye neZiko laseNew York- ziye "zahlanjwa", kwaye abanabubele kangako kubantu abancinci beLGBTQ Ukufuna izithuba ezinokubabeka kude neziyobisi kunye notywala.

URamone uqhelene kakhulu nomsebenzi kaLazala. Weza eHarlem United xa wayengenamakhaya kwaye enika iinkonzo kunye nenkxaso ayifumene apho ngokumbuyisa.

“Bendihlala nabantu abangafanelekanga, izinto ziye zonakala kakhulu malunga nokuzifumana ndisebenzisa iziyobisi, ndihleli nabantu abathengisa iziyobisi. Ngokukhawuleza, ndenza izinto endingafuni ukuzenza. Bendingaziva ndithandwa, bendingakhululekanga, utshilo.

Ngokuphila ngokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, uRamone uthe kubalulekile ukuba abantu bazi ukuba ayisiyiyo nje "indawo yokumisa kwaye yenziwe ngayo imeko."

"Yinkqubo eqhubekayo," watsho. Ngethamsanqa, ndizimisele kakhulu. ”

UMark uthe wonwabile kuba "unokufikelela" ngakumbi kuye ngoku ebuyayo.

"Uluntu oluhlaziyiweyo luluntu olukhulayo ngokuya lukhula, uninzi lwabantu abangafuniyo ukuvukela kulo," utshilo uMark. “Ndicinga ukuba li-gay kubaluleke kakhulu. Kunzima xa ungeke ucofe kuloo nto ikhethekileyo ukuba unxilile. Kwaye ngobunono ufumana ukucofa kuyo yonke loo nto, uya kusebenza umphefumlo wakho kwaye usebenze kwizinto ezininzi esiziphetheyo. Yindawo enomdla ngokwenene. ”