I-Sarcoidosis

I-Sarcoidosis sisifo apho ukudumba kwenzeka kwi-lymph node, imiphunga, isibindi, amehlo, ulusu, kunye / okanye ezinye izicubu.

Oyena nobangela wesarcoidosis awaziwa. Into eyaziwayo kukuba xa umntu enesi sifo, iintlobo ezikhulu zezicubu ezingaqhelekanga (iigranulomas) zenza kumalungu athile omzimba. IiGranulomas ngamaqela eeseli zomzimba.

Esi sifo sinokuchaphazela phantse naliphi na ilungu. Ichaphazela kakhulu imiphunga.

Oogqirha bacinga ukuba ukuba nemfuza ethile kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuba umntu ahlakulele i-sarcoidosis. Izinto ezinokubangela isifo zibandakanya ukosuleleka ziintsholongwane okanye zintsholongwane. Ukudibana nothuli okanye iikhemikhali nako kunokubangela.

Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika kunye nabantu abamhlophe belifa laseScandinavia. Abafazi abaninzi kunamadoda banesi sifo.

Esi sifo sihlala siqala phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kuma-40. ISarcoidosis inqabile kubantwana abancinci.

Umntu onesihlobo segazi esisondeleyo esine-sarcoidosis phantse iphindwe ka-5 amathuba okuphuhlisa imeko.

Kungangabikho mpawu. Xa iimpawu zenzeka, zinokubandakanya phantse naliphi na ilungu lomzimba okanye inkqubo yelungu.

Phantse bonke abantu abachaphazelekayo sarcoidosis baneempawu zomphunga okanye zesifuba:

• Intlungu yesifuba (rhoqo emva kwethambo lesifuba)
• Ukukhohlela owomileyo
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ukuhlamba igazi (kunqabile, kodwa kubi)
  

Iimpawu zokungahambi kakuhle kunokubandakanya:

• Ukudinwa
• Ifiva
• Intlungu edibeneyo okanye iintlungu (arthralgia)
• Ukuhla ukusinda

Iimpawu zesikhumba zingabandakanya:

• Ukulahleka kweenwele
• Izilonda eziphakanyisiweyo, ezibomvu, eziqinileyo zolusu (i-erythema nodosum), phantse rhoqo kwicala langaphambili lemilenze esezantsi
• Irhashalala
• Amabala aphakanyiswayo okanye adlamkileyo

Iimpawu zenkqubo yesantya zinokubandakanya:

• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lobuso

Iimpawu zamehlo zingabandakanya:

• Ukutsha
• Ukukhutshwa kwiso
• Amehlo omileyo
• Ukurhawuzelela
• Intlungu
• Ukulahleka kombono

Ezinye iimpawu zesi sifo zinokubandakanya:

• Umlomo owomileyo
• Ukuphelelwa amandla, ukuba intliziyo iyabandakanyeka
• Umphunga
• Ukudumba kwinxalenye ephezulu yesisu
• Isifo sesibindi
• Ukudumba kwemilenze ukuba intliziyo nemiphunga ziyabandakanyeka
• Isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga ukuba intliziyo iyabandakanyeka

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga neempawu.

Iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokucinga zinokunceda ukufumanisa isifo sarcoidosis:

• I-x-ray yesifuba ukubona ukuba imiphunga iyabandakanyeka okanye ii-lymph node zandisiwe
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-CT kwesifuba
• Ukuskena kwe-Lung gallium (kunqabile ukwenziwa ngoku)
• Ukulinganisa ukuvavanya kwengqondo kunye nesibindi
• I-Echocardiogram okanye iMRI yentliziyo

Ukuchonga le meko, kufuneka kwenziwe i-biopsy. I-Biopsy yemiphunga isebenzisa i-bronchoscopy ihlala yenziwe. Ii-Biopsies zezinye izicubu zomzimba zinokwenziwa.

Olu vavanyo lweelebhu lulandelayo lunokwenziwa:

• Amanqanaba e-calcium (umchamo, ionized, igazi)
• I-CBC
• I-Immunoelectrophoresis
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi
• Ubungakanani beemunoglobulin
• Iphosphorus
• I-Angiotensin iguqula i-enzyme (ACE)

Iimpawu zeSarcoidosis ziya kuhlala zingcono ngaphandle konyango.

Ukuba amehlo, intliziyo, inkqubo ye-nervous, okanye imiphunga iyachaphazeleka, ii-corticosteroids zihlala zimiselwe. Eli yeza kusenokufuneka ukuba bathathe iminyaka emi-1 ukuya kwemi-2.

Amayeza acinezela amajoni omzimba ngamanye amaxesha ayadingeka.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, abantu abanesifo sentliziyo okanye semiphunga (isifo sokugqibela) banokufuna ukufakelwa komzimba.

Nge-sarcoidosis echaphazela intliziyo, i-cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) enokufakwa inokunyanga iingxaki zesingqisho sentliziyo.

Abantu abaninzi abane-sarcoidosis abaguli kakhulu, kwaye bangcono ngaphandle konyango. Ukuya kuthi ga kwisiqingatha sabo bonke abantu abanesi sifo bangcono kwiminyaka emi-3 ngaphandle konyango. Abantu abanemiphunga echaphazelekayo banokuphucula umonakalo wemiphunga.

Izinga lokufa jikelele kwi-sarcoidosis lingaphantsi kwe-5%. Izizathu zokufa zibandakanya:

• Ukopha kwizicwili zemiphunga
• Umonakalo wentliziyo, okhokelela ekusileleni kwentliziyo kunye nesingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga
• Ukunqongophala kwemiphunga (pulmonary fibrosis)

I-Sarcoidosis inokukhokelela kwezi ngxaki zempilo:

• Usulelo lwefungal lung (aspergillosis)
• I-glaucoma kunye nokungaboni kakuhle kwi-uveitis (inqabile)
• Amatye eentso avela kumanqanaba aphezulu e-calcium egazini okanye kumchamo
• I-osteoporosis kunye nezinye iingxaki zokuthatha i-corticosteroids ixesha elide
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimithambo yemiphunga (uxinzelelo lwegazi)

Shayela umnikezeli wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba unayo:

• Kunzima ukuphefumla
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga
• Umbono utshintsha
• Ezinye iimpawu zesi sifo

• Isifo semiphunga esiphakathi kwabantu abadala- ukukhutshwa

• I-Sarcoid, inqanaba I - i-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Sarcoid, isigaba II - i-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Sarcoid, isigaba se-IV - i-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Sarcoid - ukuvala isikhumba
• I-Erythema nodosum enxulunyaniswa nesarcoidosis
• Sarcoidosis - kufutshane
• Sarcoidosis engqinibeni
• I-Sarcoidosis empumlweni nasebunzini
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla

Iannuzzi MC. I-Sarcoidosis. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 89.

UJudson MA, uMorgenthau AS, uBaughman RP. I-Sarcoidosis. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 66.

USoto-Gomez N, uPeter JI, uNambiar AM. Ukuchongwa kunye nolawulo lwe-sarcoidosis. NdinguGqirha weNdawo. Ngo-2016; 93 (10): 840-848. IINKCUKACHA: 27175719 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27175719.