Iipolyps Colorectal

I-polyp e-colorectal ukukhula kukukhula komtya wekholoni okanye kwi-rectum.

Iipolyps zekolon kunye ne-rectum zihlala zinobungozi. Oku kuthetha ukuba abayiwo umhlaza. Unokuba ne-polyps enye okanye ezininzi. Ziyanda ngokuguga. Zininzi iintlobo zee-polyps.

Polyp Adenomatous - uhlobo oluqhelekileyo. Zizidalwa ezinjenge-gland ezikhula kwi-mucous membrane ehambisa amathumbu amakhulu. Bakwabizwa ngokuba yi-adenomas kwaye bahlala bekho oku kulandelayo:

• I-Tubular polyp, ephumela ngaphandle kwi-lumen (indawo evulekileyo) yekholoni
• Villous adenoma, ngamanye amaxesha ethe tyaba kwaye isasazeka, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ube ngumhlaza

Xa i-adenomas iba ngumhlaza, yaziwa ngokuba yi-adenocarcinomas. I-Adenocarcinomas zii-cancer ezivela kwiiseli zesisu. I-Adenocarcinoma lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza webala.

Ezinye iintlobo zeepolyps zezi:

• Iipypypplyp polyps, ezinqabileyo, ukuba zikhona, zikhula zibe ngumhlaza
• Iipolyps ezi-Serrated, ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu, kodwa zinokukhula zibe ngumhlaza ekuhambeni kwexesha

Iipolyps ezinkulu kune-1 sentimitha (cm) zinomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza kunee-polyps ezincinci kune-1 sentimitha. Izinto zomngcipheko zibandakanya:

• Ubudala
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza wekolon okanye iipolyps
• Uhlobo lwepolyp olubizwa ngokuba yi-villous adenoma

Inani elincinci labantu abanee-polyps linokudibaniswa neengxaki ezithile ezizuze ilifa, kuquka:

• I-adenomatous polyposis eqhelekileyo (FAP)
• Isigulo seGardner (uhlobo lweFAP)
• I-juvenile polyposis (isifo esibangela ukukhula okuninzi emathunjini, ihlala iphambi kweminyaka engama-20)
• I-Lynch syndrome (i-HNPCC, isifo esiphakamisa ithuba leentlobo ezininzi zomhlaza, kubandakanya namathumbu)
• Isifo i-Peutz-Jeghers (isifo esibangela iipolyps zamathumbu, zihlala emathunjini amancinci kwaye zihlala zinobungozi)

Iipolyps zihlala zingenazo iimpawu. Xa zikhona, iimpawu zinokubandakanya:

• Igazi kwizitulo
• Utshintsho kumkhwa wamathumbu
• Ukudinwa okubangelwa kukuphulukana negazi ekuhambeni kwexesha

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. I-polyp enkulu kwi-rectum inokuziva ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-rectal.

Uninzi lwee-polyps zifumaneka kwezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• I-enema ye-Barium (enqabile ukwenziwa)
• Colonoscopy
• Isigmoidoscopy
• Uvavanyo lwesto lwegazi elifihliweyo (lobugqi)
• Ikholonoscopy eyiyo
• Uvavanyo lwe-DNA yolwelo
• Uvavanyo lwe-Fecal immunochemical (FIT)

Iipolyps ezinobumba kufuneka zisuswe kuba ezinye zinokukhula zibe ngumhlaza. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iipolyps zingasuswa ngexesha lekholonoscopy.

Kubantu abanee-polyp adenomatous polyps ezintsha zingavela kwixa elizayo. Kuya kufuneka uphinde uphindaphinde i-colonoscopy, ihlala i-1 ukuya kwi-10 kwiminyaka kamva, kuxhomekeke:

• Ubudala bakho kunye nempilo ngokubanzi
• Inani leepolyps onazo
• Ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lwee-polyps
• Imbali yosapho yeepolyps okanye umhlaza

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, xa ii-polyps zinokuthi zijike zibe ngumhlaza okanye zikhulu kakhulu ukuba zisuswe ngexesha le-colonoscopy, umboneleli uya kuncoma i-colectomy. Olu luqhaqho ukususa inxenye yekholoni enee-polyps.

Imbonakalo intle kakhulu ukuba iipolyps ziyasuswa. Iipolyps ezingasuswanga zinokuba ngumhlaza ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba unayo:

• Igazi ngokuhamba kwamathumbu
• Guqula imikhwa yamathumbu

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa iipolyps:

• Yitya ukutya okungenamafutha amaninzi kwaye utye iziqhamo, imifuno kunye nefayibha eninzi.
• Musa ukutshaya kwaye ungaseli utywala ngokugqithisileyo.
• Gcina ubunzima bomzimba obuqhelekileyo.
• Yenza umthambo rhoqo.

Umboneleli wakho unoku-odola ikholonoscopy okanye olunye uvavanyo lovavanyo:

• Ezi mvavanyo zinceda ukuthintela umhlaza wekolon ngokufumana nokususa iipolyps ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza. Oku kunganciphisa ithuba lokuphuhliswa ngumhlaza wekolon, okanye ubuncinci kuncede ukuyibamba kwelona nqanaba liphathekayo.
• Uninzi lwabantu kufuneka luqale olu vavanyo kubudala beminyaka engama-50. Abo banembali yosapho yomhlaza wekolon okanye i-colon polyps banokufuna ukuba bahlolwe kwiminyaka engaphambili okanye rhoqo.

Ukuthatha i-aspirin, i-naproxen, ibuprofen, okanye amayeza afanayo anokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wee-polyps ezintsha. Yazi ukuba la mayeza anokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu ukuba athathwe ixesha elide. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zibandakanya ukopha esiswini okanye kwikholoni nakwisifo sentliziyo. Thetha nomboneleli wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe la mayeza.

Polyp zesisu; Polyps - umbala; Ezinepolyps adenomatous; Iipolyps Hyperplastic; Adenomas entle; Ezinepolyper Serrated; Adenoma ecandekileyo; Iipolyps ezinomdla ngaphambili; Umhlaza wamathumbu - iipolyps; Ukopha - iipolyps ezimibala-bala

• Colonoscopy
• Inkqubo yokwetyisa

IKomiti yeZikhokelo zeKlinikhi yaseMelika yaseMelika yoGqirha. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza ongalunganga kubantu abadala abasemngciphekweni: ingxelo yesikhokelo esivela kwiKholeji yaseMelika yoGqirha. UAnn Intern Med. Ngo-2019; 171 (9): 643-654. ichaziwe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31683290.

IGarber JJ, iChung DC. IiColyp polyps kunye neepolyposis syndromes. Ku: UFeldman M, uFriedman LS, uBrandt LJ, ii-eds. Sleisenger kunye neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 126.

Iwebhusayithi yeNethiwekhi yeCancer epheleleyo yoMhlaza. Izikhokelo ze-NCCN zokuziqhelanisa neeklinikhi kwi-oncology (izikhokelo ze-NCCN): ukuhlolwa komhlaza ongalunganga. Inguqulelo 1.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/colon.pdf. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 6, 2020. Ufikeleleke ngoJuni 10, 2020.

Rex DK, Boland CR, Dominitz JA, okqhubekayo. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza ongalunganga: izindululo zoogqirha kunye nezigulana ezivela kwi-U.S. Multi-Society Task Force kwiColorectal Cancer. NdinguJ Gastroenterol. Ngo-2017; 112 (7): 1016-1030. IINKCUKACHA: 28555630 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28555630.