Inyaniso malunga ne-MMR Vaccine

Umxholo

• Yenza ntoni isitofu sokugonya seMMR
• Imasisi
• Uqhekeko
• URubella (imasisi yaseJamani)
• Ngubani ofanele afumane isitofu sokugonya seMMR
• Ngubani ongafanele afumane isitofu sokugonya seMMR
• Ukugonya kwe-MMR kunye ne-autism
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokugonya zeMMR
• Funda ngakumbi malunga neMMR

Isitofu sokugonya seMMR: Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi

Isitofu sokugonya seMMR, esaziswa eMelika ngo-1971, sinceda ukuthintela imasisi, uqwilikana, kunye nerubella (imasisi yaseJamani). Olu gonyo lwaluluphuhliso olukhulu kwidabi lokuthintela ezi zifo ziyingozi.

Nangona kunjalo, isitofu sokugonya seMMR asinto intsha kwimpikiswano. Ngo-1998, yapapashwa kwi-Lancet inxibelelanisa isitofu sokugonya nemingcipheko yezempilo ebantwaneni, kubandakanya i-autism kunye nesifo sokudumba.

Kodwa ngo-2010, iphephancwadi elifundayo, likhankanya iindlela zokuziphatha kunye nolwazi olungalunganga. Ukusukela ngoko, uphando oluninzi lujonge unxibelelwano phakathi kwesitofu sokugonya seMMR kunye nezi meko. NONE

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane iinyani ezingaphezulu malunga nokugonya okusindisa i-MMR.

Yenza ntoni isitofu sokugonya seMMR

Isitofu sokugonya seMMR sikhusela kwizifo ezithathu ezikhulu: imasisi, uqwilikana, kunye nerubella (imasisi yaseJamani). Zontathu ezi zifo zinokubangela iingxaki zempilo. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, banokukhokelela nasekufeni.

Phambi kokukhutshwa kwesitofu sokugonya, ezi zifo zaziseMelika.

Imasisi

Iimpawu zemasisi zibandakanya:

• irhashalala
• ukukhohlela
• impumlo enemifinya
• ifiva
• amabala amhlophe emlonyeni (amabala eKoplik)

Imasisi ingakhokelela kwinyumoniya, usulelo lwendlebe kunye nokonakala kwengqondo.

Uqhekeko

Iimpawu zoqwilikana zibandakanya:

• ifiva
• intloko ebuhlungu
• amadlala amathe adumbileyo
• iintlungu zemisipha
• iintlungu xa uhlafuna okanye uginya

Ukungeva kunye ne-meningitis zombini zinokubakho iingxaki zoxinzelelo.

URubella (imasisi yaseJamani)

Iimpawu zerubella zibandakanya:

• irhashalala
• umkhuhlane ophakathi ukuya kweliphakathi
• amehlo abomvu nabomvu
• i-lymph node ezidumbileyo emva kwentamo
• isifo samathambo (esiqhelekileyo kubafazi)

URubella unokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu kubafazi abakhulelweyo, kubandakanya ukuphuphuma kwesisu okanye iziphene zokuzalwa.

Ngubani ofanele afumane isitofu sokugonya seMMR

Ngokwemihla, ekucetyiswa ukuba ufumane isitofu sokugonya seMMR zezi:

• abantwana abanenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-15 ubudala kwidosi yokuqala
• abantwana abaneminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwengama-6 ubudala kwidosi yesibini
• Abantu abadala abaneminyaka eli-18 okanye ngaphezulu kwaye bazalwe emva kowe-1956 kufuneka bafumane idosi enye, ngaphandle kokuba banakho ukubonisa ukuba sele begonyiwe okanye bebenezifo

Ngaphambi kokuhamba kwilizwe liphela, abantwana abaphakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-11 ubudala kufuneka bafumane ubuncinci idosi yokuqala. Aba bantwana kusafuneka bafumane iidosi ezimbini emva kokufikelela kwiinyanga ezili-12 ubudala. Abantwana iinyanga ezili-12 okanye ngaphezulu kufuneka bafumane iidosi zombini ngaphambi kohambo.

Nabani na oneenyanga ezili-12 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu osele efumene idosi enye ye-MMR kodwa ethathelwa ingqalelo njengomngcipheko omkhulu wokufumana uqwilikana ngexesha lokuqhambuka kufuneka afumane isitofu esinye sokugonya.

Kuzo zonke iimeko, iidosi kufuneka zinikwe ubuncinci iintsuku ezingama-28 zingafani.

Ngubani ongafanele afumane isitofu sokugonya seMMR

Unika uluhlu lwabantu abangafanelekanga ukufumana isitofu sokugonya seMMR. Ibandakanya abantu:

• Unobungozi obukhulu okanye obusongela ubomi kwi-neomycin okanye elinye icandelo lokugonya
• uye waba nempendulo engathandekiyo kwidosi edlulileyo yeMMR okanye iMMRV (imasisi, uqwilikana, irubella, kunye ne-varicella)
• Unomhlaza okanye ufumana unyango lomhlaza olwenze buthathaka amajoni omzimba
• une-HIV, i-AIDS, okanye enye ingxaki yamajoni omzimba
• bafumana naliphi na iyeza elichaphazela amajoni omzimba, anje ngee-steroids
• unesifo sephepha

Ukongeza, unokufuna ukulibazisa ukugonywa ukuba:

• okwangoku unokugula okumodareyithayo ukuya kokubi
• ukhulelwe
• kutshanje uye watofelwa igazi okanye wabanemeko ekwenza wophe okanye utyumke ngokulula
• Ndifumene olunye ugonyo kwezi veki zine zidlulileyo

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nokuba wena okanye umntwana wakho kufuneka ufumane isitofu sokugonya seMMR, thetha nogqirha wakho.

Ukugonya kwe-MMR kunye ne-autism

Izifundo ezininzi ziye zavavanya ikhonkco le-MMR-autism ngokusekwe kwimeko yokunyuka kwamatyala e-autism ukusukela ngo-1979.

yaxela ngo-2001 ukuba inani loxilongo lwe-autism belinyuka ukusukela ngo-1979. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo alukhange lufumane ukwanda kwamatyala e-autism emva kokungeniswa kwesitofu sokugonya se-MMR. Endaweni yoko, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba inani elikhulayo lamatyala e-autism lalinokwenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho kwindlela oogqirha abayiqonda ngayo i-autism.

Ukusukela ukuba inqaku lapapashwa, kufunyenwe izifundo ezininzi akukho khonkco phakathi kokugonya kwe-MMR kunye ne-autism. Oku kubandakanya izifundo ezipapashwe kwiijenali kunye.

Ukongeza, uphononongo luka-2014 olupapashwe kwiPediatrics luphonononge ngaphezulu kwama-67 kwizifundo malunga nokhuseleko lwezitofu e-United States kwaye yagqitywa kwelokuba "amandla obungqina aphezulu ukuba isitofu sokugonya se-MMR asihambelani nokuqala kwe-autism ebantwaneni."

Kwaye uphononongo luka-2015 lwapapashwa kufunyenwe ukuba naphakathi kwabantwana abanabantakwabo abane-autism, akukho bungozi bokwanda kwe-autism enxulumene nogonyo lwe-MMR.

Ngapha koko, bobabini bayavumelana: abukho ubungqina bokuba isitofu sokugonya se-MMR sibangela i-autism.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokugonya zeMMR

Njengonyango oluninzi lwezonyango, isitofu sokugonya seMMR sinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuka, uninzi lwabantu abaneyeza lokugonya alinazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga konke konke. Ukongeza, ithi “ukufumana [isitofu] sokugonya seMMR kukhuseleke ngakumbi kunokufumana imasisi, uqwilikana okanye irubella.”

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kugonyo lweMMR zinokubakho ukusuka kwezincinci ukuya kwezibi:

• Ncinane: umkhuhlane kunye nokukhawuleza
• Iphakathi: iintlungu kunye nokuqina kwamalungu, ukubanjwa kunye nokubala okuphantsi kweplatelet
• Okubalulekileyo: Ukuphendula okungafunekiyo, okunokubangela imihlathi, ukudumba, kunye nengxaki yokuphefumla (kunqabile kakhulu)

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uneziphumo ebezingalunganga ezivela kwisitofu esikuxhalabisayo, xelela ugqirha wakho.

Funda ngakumbi malunga neMMR

Ngokwengxelo, izitofu zikunciphisile ukugqabhuka kwezifo ezosulelayo eziyingozi nezinokuthintelwa. Ukuba unenkxalabo ngokhuseleko lwezitofu zokugonya, kubandakanya isitofu sokugonya seMMR, eyona nto onokuyenza kukuhlala unolwazi kwaye uhlale ujonga umngcipheko kunye nezibonelelo zayo nayiphi na inkqubo yonyango.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde okungakumbi:

• Yintoni ofuna ukuyazi malunga nokugonywa?
• Ukuchaswa kugonyo