Ingxaki ye-adrenal

Ingxaki ye-adrenal Acute yimeko esongela ubomi eyenzeka xa kungekho cortisol yaneleyo. Le hormone iveliswa ngamadlala adrenal.

Amadlala adrenal abekwe ngaphezulu nje kwezintso. I-adrenal gland inamalungu amabini. Inxalenye engaphandle, ebizwa ngokuba yicortex, ivelisa icortisol. Le hormone ebalulekileyo yokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi. Inxalenye yangaphakathi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-medulla, ivelisa i-hormone adrenaline (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-epinephrine). Zombini i-cortisol kunye ne-adrenaline zikhutshwa ngokuphendula kuxinzelelo.

Imveliso yeCortisol ilawulwa yipituitary. Le yindlala encinci ephantsi nje kwengqondo. Ukukhutshwa kwe-pituitary kukhupha iadrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Le hormone ibangela ukuba i-adrenal glands ikhuphe i-cortisol.

Imveliso ye-adrenaline ilawulwa yimithambo-luvo evela kwingqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo kunye nokujikeleza kwehomoni.

Ingxaki ye-adrenal ingenzeka kuyo nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:

• I-adrenal gland yonakele ngenxa, umzekelo, isifo i-Addison okanye esinye isifo se-adrenal gland, okanye utyando
• Indawo yokulimala yenzakele kwaye ayinakho ukukhupha i-ACTH (hypopituitarism)
• Ukungabikho kwe-adrenal akuphathwa kakuhle
• Uthathe amayeza e-glucocorticoid ixesha elide, kwaye uyeke ngesiquphe
• Uye waphela emzimbeni
• Usulelo okanye olunye uxinzelelo lomzimba

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zengxaki ye-adrenal inokubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Iintlungu zesisu okanye iintlungu ezisecaleni
• Ukudideka, ukulahleka kwengqondo, okanye i-coma
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• Utywala okanye intloko
• Ukukhathala, ubuthathaka obukhulu
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• Iswekile esezantsi yegazi
• Isicaphucaphu, ukugabha
• Inqanaba lentliziyo elikhawulezayo
• Umgangatho wokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• Ukuhamba kancinci, ukonqena
• Ukubila okungaqhelekanga kunye nokugqithisa ebusweni okanye ezintendeni

Uvavanyo olunokuyalelwa ukuba luncede ekuchongeni intlekele enkulu ye-adrenal ibandakanya:

• I-ACTH (cosyntropin) yovavanyo lokukhuthaza
• Inqanaba leCortisol
• Iswekile yegazi
• Inqanaba lePotassium
• Inqanaba lesodium
• Inqanaba le-pH

Kwintlekele ye-adrenal, kufuneka unikwe ichiza i-hydrocortisone ngoko nangoko nge-vein (efakwa ngaphakathi) okanye umsipha (intramuscular). Unokufumana ulwelo olungena ngaphakathi xa uxinzelelo lwegazi luphantsi.

Uya kudinga ukuya esibhedlele ukuze ufumane unyango kwaye ubeke iliso. Ukuba usulelo okanye enye ingxaki yonyango ibangele ingxaki, unokufuna unyango olongezelelweyo.

Umothuko unokwenzeka ukuba ngaba unyango alunikezelwa kwangoko, kwaye kunokuba semngciphekweni wobomi.

Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye fowunela inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911) ukuba uphuhlisa iimpawu zengxaki ye-adrenal.

Tsalela umnxeba ukhathalelo lwempilo ukuba unesifo iAddison okanye i-hypopituitarism kwaye awunakho ukuthatha iyeza lakho le-glucocorticoid nangasiphi na isizathu.

Ukuba unesifo i-Addison, uhlala uxelelwa ukuba wandise okwethutyana iyeza lakho le-glucocorticoid ukuba uxinezelekile okanye uyagula, okanye ngaphambi kokuba uqhaqho.

Ukuba unesifo iAddison, funda ukuqaphela iimpawu zoxinzelelo olunokubangela ingxaki yeadrenal. Ukuba uyalelwe ngugqirha wakho, zilungiselele ukuba uzinike ifoto engxamisekileyo yeglucocorticoid okanye wandise idosi yeyeza lomlomo le-glucocorticoid ngamaxesha oxinzelelo. Abazali kufuneka bafunde ukwenza oku kubantwana babo abanokwanela kwe-adrenal.

Soloko uphethe i-ID yonyango (ikhadi, isongo, okanye isacholo somqala) esithi awonelanga yi-adrenal. Isazisi kufuneka kwakhona sichaze uhlobo lwamayeza kunye nedosi oyifunayo kwimeko kaxakeka.

Ukuba uthatha amayeza e-glucocorticoid okusilela kwesifo se-ACTH, qiniseka ukuba uyazi xa uthatha idosi yoxinzelelo kunyango lwakho. Xoxa oku nomboneleli wakho.

Ungaze uphoswe ukuthatha amayeza akho.

Ingxaki yeAdrenal; Ingxaki yeAddison; Ukungabikho kwe-adrenal

• Amadlala endocrine
• Ukukhutshwa kwe-adrenal gland secretion

U-Bornstein SR, u-Alloliu B, u-Arlt W, et al. Ukuchaneka Ukufumanisa isifo kunye nokunyanga ukungabikho ngokwaneleyo kwe-adrenal: Isikhokelo se-Endocrine Society sonyango. J Ikliniki ye-Endocrinol Metab. Ngo-2016; 101 (2): 364-389. IINKCUKACHA: PMC4880116 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4880116.

Stewart PM, Newell-Price JDC. I-adrenal cortex. Ku: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, ii-eds. Incwadi ebhaliweyo kaWilliam ye-Endocrinology. Umhla we-13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 15.

Thiessen MEW. Iingxaki ze-thyroid kunye ne-adrenal. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 120.