I-meningococcal meningitis

I-Meningitis sisifo seembrane ezigubungele ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo. Esi sigqubuthelo sibizwa ngokuba zii-meninges.

Iibacteria lolunye uhlobo lwentsholongwane olunokubangela i-meningitis. Iibhaktheriya ze-meningococcal ziluhlobo olunye lweebhaktiriya ezibangela i-meningitis.

I-meningococcal meningitis ibangelwa yintsholongwane I-Neisseria meningitidis (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-meningococcus).

I-Meningococcus sesona sizathu siqhelekileyo se-bacterial meningitis ebantwaneni nakwishumi elivisayo. Ngoyena nobangela uphambili we-bacterial meningitis kubantu abadala.

Usulelo lwenzeka rhoqo ebusika okanye entwasahlobo. Isenokubangela ubhubhane wengingqi kwizikolo ekuhlalwa kuzo, kwiindawo zokulala zekholeji, okanye kwiziseko zomkhosi.

Imiba yomngcipheko ibandakanya ukubhencwa kutsha nje komntu one-meningococcal meningitis, ukuncedisa ukusilela, ukusebenzisa i-eculizumab, kunye nokuvezwa kukutshaya icuba.

Iimpawu zihlala ziza ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zingabandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda
• Ukutshintsha kwemeko yengqondo
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Imfusa, indawo ezinjengemivumbo (purpura)
• Irhashalala, khomba amabala abomvu (petechiae)
• Ubuntununtunu ekukhanyeni (photophobia)
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Intamo elukhuni

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokubakho nesi sifo:

• Ukuphazamiseka
• Iifonti ezikhulayo kwiintsana
• Ukuhla kwengqondo
• Ukutya okungalunganga okanye ukucaphuka ebantwaneni
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• Ukuma okungaqhelekanga kunye nentloko nentamo egobele ngasemva (opisthotonus)

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Imibuzo iya kugxila kwiimpawu kunye nokuvezwa komntu onokuba neempawu ezifanayo, ezinje ngentamo eqinileyo kunye nomkhuhlane.

Ukuba umboneleli ucinga ukuba i-meningitis inokwenzeka, i-lumbar puncture (impompo yomqolo) iya kwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe isampulu yolwelo lomqolo kuvavanyo.

Olunye uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Inkcubeko yegazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuvavanywa kwentloko kwe-CT
• Inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (WBC)
• Ibala legram, amanye amabala akhethekileyo

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aya kuqala ngokukhawuleza.

• ICeftriaxone yenye yeentsholongwane ezisetyenziswa rhoqo.
• I-penicillin ngeedosi eziphezulu ihlala isebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukuba kukho ukungavumi kwepenicillin, i-chloramphenicol inokusetyenziswa.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-corticosteroids zinokunikwa.

Abantu abanxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nomntu one-meningococcal meningitis kufuneka banikwe i-antibiotics ukuthintela usulelo.

Aba bantu baquka:

• Amalungu osapho
• Igumbi lokulala kwigumbi lokulala
• Amajoni ahlala kufutshane
• Abo badibana ngokusondeleyo kunye nexesha elide nomntu osulelekileyo

Unyango lwakwangoko luphucula umphumo. Ukufa kunokwenzeka. Abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 banomngcipheko ophezulu wokufa.

Iingxaki zexesha elide zingabandakanya:

• Umonakalo wobuchopho
• Ukuphulukana nokuva
• Ukwakhiwa kolwelo ngaphakathi kolukakayi olukhokelela kukudumba kwengqondo (i-hydrocephalus)
• Ukwakhiwa kolwelo phakathi kolukakayi kunye nengqondo (ukungasebenzi komhlaba)
• Ukudumba kwentliziyo yemisipha (myocarditis)
• Ukuxhuzula

Shayela u-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba ukrokrela i-meningitis kumntwana omncinci oneempawu ezilandelayo:

• Ubunzima bokutya
• Isikhalo esiphakamileyo
• Ukucaphuka
• Umkhuhlane oqhubekayo ongachazwanga

I-Meningitis inokuba sisifo esisongela ubomi ngokukhawuleza.

Vala abafowunelwa kwikhaya elinye, esikolweni, okanye kwiziko lokugcina abantwana kufuneka bajongwe kwiimpawu zokuqala zesifo nje ukuba umntu wokuqala afunyaniswe. Lonke usapho kunye nabafowunelwa abasondeleyo balo mntu kufuneka baqale unyango lwe-antibiotics ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela ukusasazeka kwesifo. Buza umboneleli wakho malunga noku kutyelelo lokuqala.

Soloko usebenzisa imikhwa emihle yococeko, njengokuhlamba izandla ngaphambi nasemva kokutshintsha ilweyile okanye emva kokuhlamba.

Izitofu zokugonya i-meningococcus ziyasebenza ekulawuleni ukusasazeka. Okwangoku banconyelwa:

• Abafikisayo
• Abafundi beKholeji kunyaka wabo wokuqala behlala kwiindawo zokulala
• Ukuqashwa komkhosi
• Abahambi baya kwiindawo ezithile zehlabathi

Nangona kunqabile, abantu abagonyiweyo basenokuphuhlisa usulelo.

Meningococcal meningitis; Igram engekho mandla - meningococcus

• Izilonda ze-Meningococcal ngasemva
• Inkqubo ye-nervous central kunye ne-peripheral system
• Ubalo lweseli le-CSF
• Uphawu lukaBrudzinski lwe-meningitis
• Uphawu lukaKernig lwe-meningitis

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Bacterial meningitis. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Agasti 6, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoDisemba 1, 2020.

UPollard AJ, uSadarangani M.Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus). Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 218.

I-Stephens DS. I-Neisseria meningitidis. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 211.