Isifo seengcongconi

Isifo seengcongconi sisifo esirhorhozayo esibandakanya ifiva ephezulu, ukugungqa ukugodola, iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye neanemia.

Isifo seengcongconi sibangelwa sisidleleli. Idluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa ziingcongconi ze-anopheles ezosulelekileyo. Emva kosulelo, iiparasites (ezibizwa ngokuba zii-sporozoites) zihamba zingena kwigazi ukuya esibindini. Apho, bayakhula kwaye bakhuphe olunye uhlobo lwee-parasites, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-merozoites. Izidleleleli zingena egazini zize zichaphazele iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Izidleleli ziphindaphindeka ngaphakathi kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Iiseli ziye zivuleke ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-48 ukuya kwezingama-72 kwaye zichaphazele iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Iimpawu zokuqala zihlala zenzeka kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwiiveki ezi-4 emva kokosuleleka, nangona zinokubonakala kwangoko kwiintsuku ezisi-8 okanye unyaka nje emva kosulelo. Iimpawu zenzeka kwimijikelezo yeeyure ezingama-48 ukuya kwezingama-72.

Uninzi lweempawu zibangelwa:

• Ukukhululwa kweemerozoites kwigazi
• I-anemia ebangelwa kukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi
• Izixa ezikhulu zehemoglobin yasimahla ekhutshelwa ukuba ijikeleze emva kokuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zivulekile

Isifo seengcongconi sinokuhanjiswa sisuka kumama siye kosana lwakhe olungekazalwa (ngokuzalwa) nangotofelo-gazi. Isifo seengcongconi sinokuthwalelwa ziingcongconi kwimozulu enemozulu epholileyo, kodwa esi sifo sinyamalala ebusika.

Esi sifo yinkinga enkulu yezempilo kwiindawo ezininzi ezitshisayo nakwizityalo eziphantsi komhlaba. Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo aqikelela ukuba zingama-300 ukuya kuma-500 ezigidi iimeko zamalariya nyaka ngamnye. Abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi esinye bayafa ngayo. Isifo seengcongconi sesona sifo siyingozi kubahambi kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo.

Kweminye imimandla yehlabathi, iingcongconi ezithwala isifo seengcongconi ziye zikwazi ukumelana namayeza okubulala izinambuzane. Ukongeza, iiparasites ziye zaxhathisa kwezinye i-antibiotics. Ezi meko zenze ukuba kube nzima ukulawula zombini inqanaba losulelo nokusasazeka kwesi sifo.

Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• I-anemia (imeko apho umzimba ungenayo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo)
• Izitulo zegazi
• Ukugodola, umkhuhlane, ukubila
• Coma
• Ukuxhuzula
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• I-jaundice
• Intlungu yezihlunu
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha

Ngexesha lovavanyo lomzimba, umboneleli wezempilo unokufumana isibindi esandisiweyo okanye udakada owandisiweyo.

Uvavanyo olwenziweyo lubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lokuqonda isifo, olusele luxhaphake kuba kulula ukuzisebenzisa kwaye ludinga uqeqesho oluncinci ngamagcisa elebhu
• Isifo seengcongconi smear ezithathwa kwisithuba seeyure ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12, ukuqinisekisa isifo
• Inani elipheleleyo legazi (CBC) liya kuchonga i-anemia ukuba ikho

I-Malaria, ngakumbi i-falciparum malaria, ingxamisekileyo yezonyango efuna ukuhlala esibhedlele. I-chloroquine ihlala isetyenziswa njengeyeza lokuthintela isifo seengcongconi. Kodwa usulelo oluxhathisa i-chloroquine luxhaphakile kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi.

Unyango olunokubakho kwizifo ezingena chloroquine lubandakanya:

• Indibaniselwano evela kuArtemisinin, kubandakanya iartemether kunye neLumefantrine
• I-Atovaquone-proguanil
• Iirejimeni esekwe kwiquinine, ngokudibanisa ne-doxycycline okanye i-clindamycin
• I-Mefloquine, ngokudibeneyo ne-artesunate okanye i-doxycycline

Ukukhethwa kweziyobisi kuxhomekeke, ngokuyinxenye, apho ufumene khona usulelo.

Unyango, kubandakanya ulwelo nge-vein (IV) kunye nezinye iziyobisi kunye nenkxaso yokuphefumla (yokuphefumla) kunokufuneka.

Iziphumo kulindeleke ukuba zilunge kwiimeko ezininzi ze-malaria ngonyango, kodwa ihlwempuzekile kusulelo lwe-falciparum kunye neengxaki.

Iingxaki zempilo ezinokubangelwa sisifo seengcongconi zibandakanya:

• Usulelo lweBongo (cerebritis)
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli zegazi (i-hemolytic anemia)
• Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso
• Ukungaphumeleli kwesibindi
• Ukudumba kwenwebu yengqondo
• Ukusilela kokuphefumla okuvela kulwelo emiphungeni (i-pulmonary edema)
• Ukuqhekeka kwepleen okukhokelela ekuphumeni okukhulu kwangaphakathi (ukuphuma kwegazi)

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo ukuba uvelisa umkhuhlane kunye nentloko emva kokundwendwela naliphi na ilizwe langaphandle.

Uninzi lwabantu abahlala kwiindawo apho isifo seengcongconi sixhaphakile, sele bekhuselekile kwesi sifo. Iindwendwe azizukukhusela kwaye kufuneka zithathe amayeza okuthintela.

Kubalulekile ukubona umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kohambo lwakho. Kungenxa yokuba unyango lunokufuna ukuqala kangangeeveki ezi-2 ngaphambi kokuba uye kuloo ndawo, kwaye uqhubeke inyanga emva kokuba uphumile kuloo ndawo. Uninzi lwabahambi abavela eUnited States abafumana isifo seengcongconi bayasilela ukuthabatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuzikhusela.

Iindidi zamachiza alwa ne-malarial amiselweyo axhomekeke kwindawo otyelele kuyo. Abakhenkethi besiya eMzantsi Melika, eAfrika, kumazantsi eIndiya, eAsia naseMzantsi Pasifiki kufuneka bathathe elinye lala machiza: mefloquine, doxycycline, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine okanye atovaquone-proguanil. Nokuba abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kufuneka bakuthathele ingqalelo ukuthatha amachiza othintelo kuba umngcipheko wokuvela komntwana ongekabikho kwesiyobisi ungaphantsi komngcipheko wokubamba esi sifo.

I-Chloroquine iye yaba sisiyobisi esithandwayo ekukhuseleni isifo seengcongconi. Kodwa ngenxa yokumelana, ngoku kucetyiswa kuphela ukuba kusetyenziswe kwiindawo apho IPlasmodium vivax, P okweqanda, kunye P malariae bakho.

I-Falciparum malaria iya ngokuxhathisa kumachiza e-anti-malarial.

Thintela ukulunywa yingcongconi ngu:

• Ukunxiba iimpahla zokhuselo ezingalweni nasemilenzeni
• Sebenzisa umnatha wengcongconi xa ulele
• Sebenzisa izinto ezigxotha izinambuzane

Ngolwazi malunga ne-malaria kunye namayeza othintelo, ndwendwela iwebhusayithi ye-CDC: www.cdc.gov/malaria/travelers/index.html.

I-Quartan malaria; Isifo seengcongconi; Umkhuhlane weBiduoterian; Umkhuhlane wamanzi amnyama; Isifo seengcongconi; IPlasmodium

• Isifo seengcongconi- imbono encinci yeeparasites zeselula
• Ingcongconi, ukondla abantu abadala kulusu
• Ingcongconi, isihlenga seqanda
• Iingcongconi - izibungu
• Ingcongconi, iphung
• I-Malaria, umbono omncinci wee-parasites zeselula
• Isifo seengcongconi, ifotomicrafograph yesidleleli seselfowuni
• Isifo seengcongconi

I-Ansong D, i-Seydel KB, iTaylor TE. Isifo seengcongconi. Ku: Ryan ET, Hill DR, Solomon T, Aronson NE, Endy TP, ii-eds. Unyango lweTropical Medicine kunye nezifo ezosulelayo. Ngomhla we-10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 101.

I-Fairhurst RM, i-Wellems TE. Isifo seengcongconi (iintlobo zeplasmodium). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 274.

Freedman YENZA. Ukukhuselwa kwabahambi. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 318.