Isifo seParkinson

Isifo sikaParkinson sivela kwiiseli ezithile zobuchopho zisifa. Ezi seli zinceda ukulawula ukuhamba kunye nokulungelelanisa. Esi sifo sikhokelela ekushukumi (ukungcangcazela) kunye nengxaki yokuhamba nokuhamba.

Iiseli zemithambo-luvo zisebenzisa umchiza wobuchopho obizwa ngokuba yi-dopamine ukunceda ukulawula ukuhamba kwemisipha. Ngesifo sika-Parkinson, iiseli zengqondo ezenza ukuba i-dopamine ife kancinci. Ngaphandle kwe-dopamine, iiseli ezilawula intshukumo azinakho ukuthumela imiyalezo efanelekileyo kwiimisipha. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukulawula izihlunu. Kancinci, ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo monakalo uya usiba mandundu. Akukho mntu waziyo kanye ukuba kutheni iiseli zobuchopho zichitha.

Isifo i-Parkinson sisoloko sikhula emva kweminyaka engama-50. Enye yeengxaki zenkqubo ye-nervous kubantu abadala abadala.

• Esi sifo sithambekele ekuchaphazeleni amadoda ngaphezulu kwabafazi, nangona abantu basetyhini bekwesi sifo. Isifo seParkinson ngamanye amaxesha sihamba kwiintsapho.
• Esi sifo sinokuvela kubantu abadala abancinci. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kuhlala kungenxa yemfuza yomntu.
• Isifo seParkinson sinqabile ebantwaneni.

Iimpawu zisenokuba nobulali ekuqaleni. Umzekelo, unokuba nokungcangcazela kancinci okanye uziva kancinci ukuba umlenze omnye uqinile kwaye urhuqa. Inyikima yomhlathi ikwangumqondiso wokuqala wesifo sikaParkinson. Iimpawu zinokuchaphazela elinye okanye omabini amacala omzimba.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zingabandakanya:

• Iingxaki ngokulinganisela nokuhamba
• Imisipha eqinileyo okanye eqinileyo
• Iintlungu zemisipha
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi xa usukuma
• Ukuma okuguqulweyo
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukubila kunye nokungakwazi ukulawula ubushushu bomzimba wakho
• Ukucotha ukuqhwanyaza
• Kunzima ukugwinya
• Ukutsala amathe
• Intetho ecothayo, ethuleyo kunye nelizwi le-monotone
• Akukho bonakaliso ebusweni bakho (ngokungathi unxibe imaski)
• Ayikwazi ukubhala ngokucacileyo okanye ukubhala ngesandla kuncinci kakhulu (micrographia)

Iingxaki zentshukumo zinokubandakanya:

• Kunzima ukuqala ukuhamba, njengokuqala ukuhamba okanye ukuphuma esihlalweni
• Kunzima ukuqhubeka nokuhamba
• Ukuhamba kancinci
• Ukuphulukana nokuhamba kakuhle kwesandla (ukubhala kunokuba kuncinci kwaye kubenzima ukufunda)
• Kunzima ukutya

Iimpawu zokungcangcazela (ukungcangcazela):

• Ngokwesiqhelo kwenzeka xa imilenze yakho ingahambi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yinyikima yokuphumla.
• Yenzeka xa ingalo okanye umlenze wakho ubanjiwe.
• Mka xa ushukuma.
• Kungaba kubi ngakumbi xa udiniwe, unemincili, okanye uxinezelekile.
• Ngaba kunokubangela ukuba uhlikihle umnwe wakho nobhontsi kunye ngaphandle kwentsingiselo (ebizwa ngokuba kukungcangcazela kwepilisi).
• Ekugqibeleni inokwenzeka entlokweni yakho, kwimilebe, kulwimi, nasezinyaweni.

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ixhala, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo
• Ukudideka
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi
• Uxinzelelo
• Ukufa isiqaqa
• Ukuphulukana nenkumbulo

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokukwazi ukuxilonga isifo se-Parkinson ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Kodwa iimpawu zinokuba nzima ukucofa phantsi, ngakumbi kubantu abadala. Iimpawu kulula ukuzibona njengokuba isigulo siya sisiba mandundu.

Uviwo lunokubonisa:

• Kunzima ukuqala okanye ukugqiba intshukumo
• UJerky, iintshukumo eziqinileyo
• Ukuphulukana nezihlunu
• Ukugungqa (ukungcangcazela)
• Utshintsho kwisantya sentliziyo yakho
• Ukucinga okuqhelekileyo kwezihlunu

Umboneleli wakho angenza ezinye iimvavanyo zokulawula ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo.

Akukho lunyango lwesifo sika-Parkinson, kodwa unyango lunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho.

IYEZA

Umboneleli wakho uya kumisela amayeza anokunceda ukulawula ukungcangcazela kunye neempawu zentshukumo.

Ngamaxesha athile emini, iyeza linokuphela kwaye iimpawu zingabuya. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, umboneleli wakho unokufuna ukutshintsha nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:

• Uhlobo lweyeza
• Ithamo
• Inani lexesha phakathi kweedosi
• Indlela olithatha ngayo iyeza

Kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza ukunceda nge:

• Iingxaki zengqondo kunye neengcinga
• Uncedo lwentlungu
• Iingxaki zokulala
• Ukuyekisa amanzi (i-botulinum toxin ihlala isetyenziswa)

Amayeza e-Parkinson angabangela iziphumo ezibi kakhulu, kubandakanya:

• Ukudideka
• Ukubona okanye ukuva izinto ezingekhoyo (i-hallucinations)
• Isihlunu, ukugabha, okanye urhudo
• Ndiziva ndinentloko elula okanye ndityhafile
• Iimpawu ekunzima ukuzilawula, ezinjengokungcakaza
• Delirium

Xelela umboneleli wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ungaze utshintshe okanye uyeke ukuthatha nawaphi na amayeza ngaphandle kokuthetha nomboneleli wakho. Ukuyekisa amayeza esifo sika-Parkinson kunokukhokelela kwimpendulo ebukhali. Sebenza nomboneleli wakho ukufumana isicwangciso sonyango esisebenzelayo.

Njengokuba isifo sisiba mandundu, iimpawu ezinje ngokuma okuguqulweyo, iintshukumo ezibandayo, kunye neengxaki zokuthetha zisenokungaphenduli kumayeza.

UKUGQIBELA

Ugqirha lunokuba lukhetho kwabanye abantu. Utyando alusinyangi isifo seParkinson, kodwa lunokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu. Iindidi zotyando zibandakanya:

• Ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho obunzulu- Oku kubandakanya ukubeka izikhuthazi zombane kwiindawo zobuchopho ezilawula ukuhamba.
• Utyando lokutshabalalisa izicwili zobuchopho ezibangela iimpawu zeParkinson.
• Ukufakelwa kwe-cell stem kunye nezinye iinkqubo ziyafundwa.

INDLELA YOKUPHILA

Utshintsho oluthile lwendlela yokuphila lunokukunceda ukumelana nesifo sikaParkinson:

• Hlala usempilweni ngokutya ukutya okunesondlo kwaye ungatshayi.
• Yenza utshintsho kwinto oyityayo okanye oyiselayo ukuba uneengxaki zokuginya.
• Sebenzisa unyango lokuthetha ukukunceda ukuba uhlengahlengise ukutshintsha kokuginya kunye nentetho.
• Hlala usebenza ngokukhawuleza xa uziva ulungile. MUSA ukuyibaxa xa amandla akho esezantsi.
• Phumla njengoko kufuneka emini kwaye uphephe uxinzelelo.
• Sebenzisa unyango lomzimba kunye nonyango lomsebenzi ukukunceda uhlale uzimele kwaye unciphise umngcipheko wokuwa.
• Beka izinto zokubamba endlwini yakho yonke ukunceda ukuthintela ukuwa. Beka kwizindlu zokuhlambela nakwizinyuko.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo zokuncedisa, xa kufuneka, ukwenza intshukumo ibe lula. Ezi zixhobo zinokubandakanya izixhobo zokutya ezikhethekileyo, izitulo ezinamavili, iilifti zebhedi, izitulo zeshawari kunye nezihambahamba.
• Thetha nonontlalontle okanye enye inkonzo yokucebisa ukukunceda wena nosapho lwakho ukumelana nesi sifo. Ezi nkonzo zinokukunceda ukuba ufumane uncedo lwangaphandle, olufana nokutya kwiivili.

Amaqela enkxaso yesifo i-Parkinson anokukunceda ujongane notshintsho olubangelwa sesi sifo. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava aqhelekileyo kunokukunceda uzive ungaphantsi wedwa.

Amayeza anokunceda abantu abaninzi abanesifo se-Parkinson. Amayeza azinciphisa kakuhle kangakanani iimpawu kwaye nokuba zithatha ixesha elingakanani ukukhupha iimpawu ezohlukeneyo zinokwahluka kumntu ngamnye.

Ukuphazamiseka kuya kusiba mandundu ade umntu akhubazeke ngokupheleleyo, nangona kwabanye abantu, oku kungathatha amashumi eminyaka. Isifo se-Parkinson sinokukhokelela ekwehleni kokusebenza kwengqondo kunye nokufa kwangoko. Amayeza anokuwandisa umsebenzi nokuzimela.

Isifo se-Parkinson sinokubangela iingxaki ezinje:

• Kunzima ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla
• Kunzima ukugwinya okanye ukutya
• Ukukhubazeka (kwahluka kumntu kumntu)
• Ukonzakala xa usiwa
• Unyumoniya ngokuphefumla amathe okanye ukukrwitshwa kukutya
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Unempawu zesifo sikaParkinson
• Iimpawu ziba nzima
• Iimpawu ezintsha zenzeka

Ukuba uthatha amayeza esi sifo sikaParkinson, xelela umboneleli wakho malunga naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezinokubandakanya:

• Utshintsho kulumkiso, isimilo, okanye imo
• Ukuziphatha kakubi
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Ukuba nemibono
• Iintshukumo zokuzibandakanya
• Ukuphulukana nemisebenzi yengqondo
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ukudideka okukhulu okanye ukudideka

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba imeko iya isiba mandundu kwaye unyango lwasekhaya alusenakwenzeka.

Ukukhubazeka kwe-agitans; Ukungcangcazela ukukhubazeka

• Ukutya iikhalori ezongezelelweyo xa ugula - abantu abadala
• Ukuginya iingxaki

• I-Substantia nigra kunye nesifo seParkinson
• Inkqubo ye-nervous central kunye ne-peripheral system

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UFox SH, uKatzenschlager R, uLim SY, et al; I-Movement Disorder Society yoBungqina beKomiti yezeMpilo. Ukuphononongwa kwamayeza asekwe kubungqina obusekwe kubungqina be-Parkinson kunye ne-Movement Disorder Society: uhlaziyo kunyango lweempawu zesifo sika-Parkinson. Mov Disord. 2018; 33 (8): 1248-1266. IINKCUKACHA: 29570866 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29570866/.

Isifo sikaJankovic J. Parkinson kunye nezinye iingxaki zokuhamba. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 96.

Okun MS, uLang AE. Iparkinsonism. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 381.

Iradder DLM, iSturkenboom IH, van Nimwegen M, et al. Unyango lomzimba kunye nonyango lomsebenzi kwisifo sikaParkinson. Int J Neurosci. Ngo-2017; 127 (10): 930-943. IINKCUKACHA: 28007002 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28007002/.