Isifo se-Alzheimer

Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi kukuphulukana nokusebenza kwengqondo okwenzeka kwizifo ezithile. Isifo i-Alzheimer (AD) lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ichaphazela inkumbulo, ukucinga kunye nokuziphatha.

Isizathu ngqo sesifo se-Alzheimer asaziwa. Uphando lubonisa ukuba utshintsho oluthile kwingqondo lukhokelela kwisifo se-Alzheimer.

Kungenzeka ukuba uhlakulele isifo se-Alzheimer ukuba:

• Badala - Ukuphuhlisa isifo i-Alzheimer ayisiyonxalenye yokuguga okuqhelekileyo.
• Unesihlobo esisondeleyo, njengomzalwana, udade, okanye umzali onesifo se-Alzheimer.
• Ngaba iintlobo ezithile ezinxulumene nesifo se-Alzheimer.

Oku kulandelayo kunganyusa umngcipheko:

• Ukuba ngumfazi
• Ukuba neengxaki zentliziyo kunye negazi ngenxa ye-cholesterol ephezulu
• Imbali yokwenzakala entloko

Zimbini iintlobo zesifo se-Alzheimer:

• Ukuqala kwangoko kwesifo se-Alzheimer -- Iimpawu zivela ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-60. Olu hlobo aluqhelekanga kakhulu kunasekuqaleni kwexesha. Ihlala iba mandundu ngokukhawuleza. Isifo sokuqala sinokuhamba kwiintsapho. Iijeni ezininzi zichongiwe.
• Ukuqala kwexesha lesifo i-Alzheimer -- Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Kwenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu. Inokusebenza kwezinye iintsapho, kodwa indima yemfuza ayicacanga ncam.

Iimpawu zesifo se-Alzheimer zibandakanya ubunzima kwiindawo ezininzi zokusebenza kwengqondo, kubandakanya:

• Ukuziphatha ngokweemvakalelo okanye ubuntu
• Ulwimi
• Imemori
• Ukuqonda
• Ukucinga nokugweba (izakhono zokuqonda)

Isifo i-Alzheimer sihlala sibonakala njengokulibala.

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuthobekileyo (i-MCI) linqanaba phakathi kokulibala okuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokwaluphala, kunye nokukhula kwesifo se-Alzheimer. Abantu abane-MCI baneengxaki ezincinci ekucingeni nakwinkumbulo engaphazamisiyo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Bahlala bekwazi ukulibala. Asinguye wonke umntu one-MCI oba nesifo i-Alzheimer.

Iimpawu zeMCI zibandakanya:

• Kunzima ukwenza ngaphezulu komsebenzi omnye ngexesha
• Kunzima ukusombulula iingxaki
• Ukulibala iminyhadala okanye iincoko
• Ukuthatha ixesha elide ukwenza imisebenzi enzima ngakumbi

Iimpawu zokuqala zesifo se-Alzheimer zinokubandakanya:

• Kunzima ukwenza imisebenzi ethatha ingcinga, kodwa isetyenziselwa ukuza ngokulula, njengokulinganisa incwadi yokutshekisha, ukudlala imidlalo entsonkothileyo (ibhulorho), kunye nokufunda ulwazi olutsha okanye iinkqubo
• Ukulahleka kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo
• Iingxaki zolwimi, ezinje ngengxaki yokukhumbula amagama ezinto eziqhelekileyo
• Ukuphulukana nomdla kwizinto ezazifudula zinanditshwe kwaye zikwimeko ethe tyaba
• Ukubeka izinto endaweni engeyiyo
• Utshintsho lomntu kunye nokulahleka kwezakhono zentlalo

Njengokuba isifo se-Alzheimer siba sibi, iimpawu ziyabonakala kwaye ziyaphazamisa ukukwazi ukuzikhathalela. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Guqula iipateni zokulala, uhlala uvuka ebusuku
• Ukudakumba, uxinzelelo kunye nokuphazamiseka
• Kunzima ukwenza imisebenzi esisiseko, njengokupheka, ukukhetha impahla efanelekileyo kunye nokuqhuba
• Unzima ukufunda okanye ukubhala
• Ukulibala iinkcukacha malunga neziganeko zangoku
• Ukulibala iziganeko kwimbali yobomi bomntu kunye nokuphulukana nokuzazi
• Ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, iingxoxo, ukubetha, kunye nokuziphatha gwenxa
• Ukugweba ngendlela engeyiyo kunye nokuphulukana namandla okuqonda ingozi
• Sebenzisa igama elingalunganga, ukungabizi kakuhle amagama, okanye ukuthetha kwizivakalisi ezididayo
• Ukurhoxa kunxibelelwano lwasentlalweni

Abantu abanesifo esiqatha se-Alzheimer abasakwazi:

• Waqonde amalungu osapho
• Yenza imisebenzi esisiseko yokuphila kwansuku zonke, njengokutya, ukunxiba kunye nokuhlamba
• Qonda ulwimi

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke ngesifo se-Alzheimer:

• Iingxaki zokulawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu okanye umchamo
• Ukuginya iingxaki

Umboneleli ononophelo lwempilo unokufumana isifo se-Alzheimer ngala manyathelo alandelayo:

• Ukwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba, kubandakanya uvavanyo lweenkqubo zemithambo-luvo
• Ukubuza malunga nembali yonyango lomntu kunye neempawu
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wengqondo (uvavanyo lobume bengqondo)

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo se-Alzheimer kwenziwa xa iimpawu ezithile zikhona, kwaye ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ezinye izizathu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo azikho.

Uvavanyo lunokwenziwa ukukhupha ezinye izizathu ezinokubangela isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, kubandakanya:

• Ukunqongophala kwegazi
• Ithumba lobuchopho
• Usulelo lwexesha elide (olungapheliyo)
• Ukunxila ngamayeza
• Uxinzelelo olukhulu
• Ukunyuka kwamanzi kwiqondo (uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-hydrocephalus)
• Ukubetha
• Isifo se-thyroid
• Ukunqongophala kweVitamin

I-CT okanye i-MRI yengqondo inokwenziwa ukukhangela ezinye izizathu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, ezinjenge-tumor yengqondo okanye ukubetha. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuskena kwe-PET kunokusetyenziselwa ukulawula isifo se-Alzheimer.

Ekuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umntu unesifo i-Alzheimer kukujonga isampulu yeethishu zobuchopho emva kokufa.

Akukho lunyango lwesifo i-Alzheimer. Iinjongo zonyango zi:

• Cothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo (nangona kunzima ukwenza)
• Lawula iimpawu, ezinjengeengxaki zokuziphatha, ukudideka, kunye neengxaki zokulala
• Guqula imeko yekhaya wenze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ibelula
• Xhasa amalungu osapho kunye nabanye abanonopheli

Amayeza asetyenziselwa:

• Nciphisa izinga apho iimpawu ziba zimbi khona, nangona isibonelelo sokusebenzisa la machiza sinokuba sincinci
• Lawula iingxaki ngokuziphatha, njengokulahleka komgwebo okanye ukudideka

Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise la mayeza, buza umboneleli:

• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga? Ngaba iyeza lifanelekile emngciphekweni?
• Leliphi elona xesha lilungileyo, ukuba likho, lokusebenzisa la mayeza?
• Ngaba amayeza ezinye iingxaki zempilo kufuneka atshintshwe okanye ayekiswe?

Umntu onesifo i-Alzheimer uyakudinga inkxaso ekhaya kuba esi sifo siya sisiba mandundu. Amalungu osapho okanye abanye abanonopheli banokunceda ngokunceda umntu ukuba ahlangabezane nenkumbulo kunye nokuziphatha kunye neengxaki zokulala. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhaya lomntu onesifo i-Alzheimer likhuselekile kubo.

Ukuba nesifo se-Alzheimer okanye ukukhathalela umntu onesifo kunokuba ngumceli mngeni. Ungalunciphisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokufuna inkxaso ngezixhobo zesifo se-Alzheimer.Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Isifo se-Alzheimer esiya sisiba mandundu ngokukhawuleza sahlukile kumntu ngamnye. Ukuba isifo se-Alzheimer sikhula ngokukhawuleza, kunokwenzeka ukuba mandundu ngakumbi ngokukhawuleza.

Abantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer bahlala besweleka ngaphambi kwesiqhelo, nangona umntu enokuhlala naphakathi kweminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwengama-20 emva kokuxilongwa.

Iintsapho kuya kufuneka ukuba zicwangcise ukhathalelo lwexesha elizayo lomntu zibathandayo.

Isigaba sokugqibela sesi sifo sinokuhlala kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka eliqela. Ngelo xesha, umntu ukhubazeka ngokupheleleyo. Ukufa kuhlala kwenzeka kusulelo okanye ukusilela komzimba.

Fowunela umnikezeli ukuba:

• Iimpawu zesifo i-Alzheimer ziyakhula okanye umntu utshintshe ngesiquphe kwimeko yengqondo
• Imeko yomntu onesifo i-Alzheimer iba mandundu
• Awunakho ukukhathalela umntu onesifo i-Alzheimer ekhaya

Nangona kungekho ndlela iqinisekisiweyo yokuthintela isifo se-Alzheimer, kukho amanyathelo athile anokunceda ukuthintela okanye ukucothisa ukuqala kwesifo se-Alzheimer:

• Hlala kukutya okunamafutha asezantsi kwaye utye ukutya okuphezulu kwi-omega-3 fatty acids.
• Fumana umthambo omninzi.
• Hlala usebenza ngokwengqondo nangokwasentlalweni.
• Thwala isigcina-ntloko ngexesha lomngcipheko wokuthintela ukulimala kwengqondo.

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo - uhlobo lwe-Alzheimer (SDAT); SDAT; Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi-i-Alzheimer

• Ukunxibelelana nomntu one-aphasia
• Ukunxibelelana nomntu one-dysarthria
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nokuqhuba
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo-indlela yokuziphatha kunye neengxaki zokulala
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo-ukhathalelo lwemihla ngemihla
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi-ukugcina sikhuselekile ekhaya
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi-yintoni ekufuneka uyibuze kugqirha wakho
• Ukutya iikhalori ezongezelelweyo xa ugula - abantu abadala
• Ukuthintela ukuwa

• Isifo se-Alzheimer

Iwebhusayithi yeAlzheimer's Association. Ukukhutshwa ngoonondaba: Isikhokelo sokuqala sokwenza uvavanyo lweklinikhi yesifo i-Alzheimer kunye nezinye isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sokhathalelo lokuqala kunye nolunye www.alz.org/aaic/releases_2018/AAIC18-Sun-clinical-practice- izikhokelo.asp. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJulayi 22, 2018. Ifikeleleke ngo-Epreli 16, 2020.

I-Knopman DS. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 374.

UMartínez G, uVernooij RW, uFuentes Padilla P, uZamora J, uBonfill Cosp X, uFlicker L. 18F PET nge-florbetapir yokufumanisa isifo se-Alzheimer's dementia kunye nezinye i-dementias kubantu abanokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (MCI). Isiseko sedatha yeCochrane Isityhi. Ngo-2017; 11 (11): CD012216. IINKCUKACHA: 29164603 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29164603/.

UPeterson R, uGraff-Radford J. Isifo i-Alzheimer kunye nezinye isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2016: isahluko 95.

ISloane PD, uKaufer DI. Isifo se-Alzheimer. Ku: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Unyango lwangoku lukaConn 2020. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier 2020: 681-686.