Ukurhoxiswa kwe-Opiate kunye ne-opioid

Iipilisi okanye i-opioids ziziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlungu. Igama elithi narcotic lithetha naluphi na uhlobo lweziyobisi.

Ukuba uyayeka okanye unciphise la mayeza emva kokusebenzisa kakhulu iiveki ezimbalwa okanye nangaphezulu, uya kuba neempawu ezininzi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukurhoxa.

Kwi-2018 e-United States, malunga ne-808,000 yabantu baxela ukusebenzisa i-heroin kunyaka ophelileyo. Kwakuloo nyaka, malunga nezigidi ezili-11.4 zabantu basebenzise iintlungu zokuthomalalisa iintlungu ngaphandle kommiselo. Ukunciphisa iintlungu ze-narcotic kubandakanya:

• Ikhowudi
• IHeroin
• IHydrocodone (Vicodin)
• IHydromorphone (iDilaudid)
• Imethadone
• IMeperidine (iDemerol)
• Imofini
• Oxycodone (Percocet okanye iOxycontin)

La machiza anokubangela ukuxhomekeka emzimbeni. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu uthembele kwichiza ukukhusela iimpawu zokurhoxa. Ixesha elingaphezulu, ichiza elininzi liyafuneka kwisiphumo esifanayo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukunyamezelana neziyobisi.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuxhomekeka emzimbeni kuyahluka kumntu ngamnye.

Xa umntu eyeka ukuthatha amayeza, umzimba ufuna ixesha ukuze uphinde uchache. Oku kubangela iimpawu zokurhoxa. Ukurhoxa kwii-opiates kunokubakho nangaliphi na ixesha lokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kumisiwe okanye kunciphisiwe.

Iimpawu zokuqala zokurhoxa zibandakanya:

• Ukuphazamiseka
• Ixhala
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ukwanda kokukrazula
• Ukuphuthelwa
• Impumlo enemifinya
• Ukubila
• Ukuzamla

Iimpawu zokurhoxa emva kwexesha zibandakanya:

• Ukuxinana esiswini
• Urhudo
• Abafundi abaqaqambileyo
• Amaqhuma amaqanda
• Isicaphucaphu
• Ukuhlanza

Ezi mpawu azonwabisi kodwa azisongeli ubomi. Iimpawu zihlala ziqala ngaphakathi kweeyure ezili-12 zokusetyenziswa kwe-heroin yokugqibela kwaye ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-30 zokuvezwa kwemethadone yokugqibela.

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze imibuzo malunga nembali yakho yezonyango kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.

Umchamo okanye uvavanyo lwegazi ukukhusela iziyobisi kunokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-opiate.

Olunye uvavanyo luya kuxhomekeka kwinkxalabo yomboneleli wakho ngezinye iingxaki. Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• Iikhemistri zegazi kunye novavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi njenge-CHEM-20
• I-CBC (inani elipheleleyo legazi, amanyathelo abomvu kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets, ezinceda igazi ukuba lijiye)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)
• Ukuvavanywa kwe-hepatitis C, i-HIV, kunye nesifo sephepha (i-TB), njengoko abantu abaninzi abasebenzisa kakubi ii-opiates banazo

Ukuziyeka ngokwakho kwezi ziyobisi kunokuba nzima kakhulu kwaye kunokuba yingozi. Unyango kaninzi lubandakanya amayeza, ingcebiso kunye nenkxaso. Wena kunye nomboneleli wakho niya kuxoxa ngeenjongo zakho zokhathalelo kunye nonyango.

Ukurhoxa kunokubakho kuseto oluninzi:

• Ekhaya, kusetyenziswa amayeza kunye nenkqubo eyomeleleyo yenkxaso. (Le ndlela inzima, kwaye ukurhoxa kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuthe chu.)
• Sebenzisa amaziko amiselweyo ukunceda abantu abane-detoxification (detox).
• Kwisibhedlele esiqhelekileyo, ukuba iimpawu zinzima.

AMAYEZA

Imethadone kunciphisa iimpawu zokurhoxa kwaye kunceda kwi-detox. Ikwasetyenziswa njengeyeza lokugcina ixesha elide lokuxhomekeka kwi-opioid. Emva kwexesha lokugcinwa, idosi inokwehla kancinci kancinci ixesha elide. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa ubunzima beempawu zokurhoxa. Abanye abantu bahlala kwimethadone iminyaka.

IBuprenorphine (I-Subutex) inyanga ukurhoxa kwii-opiates, kwaye inokunciphisa ubude be-detox. Inokusetyenziselwa ulondolozo lwexesha elide, njengemethadone. I-Buprenorphine inokudityaniswa neNaloxone (Bunavail, Suboxone, Zubsolv), enceda ukuthintela ukuxhomekeka nokusetyenziswa gwenxa.

Clonidine isetyenziselwa ukunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukuphazamiseka, iintlungu zemisipha, ukubila, ukuphuma kwempumlo kunye nokuxinana. Akuncedi ukunciphisa iminqweno.

Amanye amayeza anoku:

• Phatha ukugabha kunye norhudo
• Ndincedisa ngokulala

I-Naltrexone inokukunceda ukuthintela ukubuyela umva. Iyafumaneka kwifom yepilisi okanye njengenaliti. Kwakhona, nangona kunjalo, kunokuzisa ukurhoxa ngesiquphe nangokuqatha ukuba kuthathwe ngelixa ii-opioids zisese kwinkqubo yakho.

Abantu abahamba ngokurhoxa ngaphezulu nangaphezulu kufuneka baphathwe nge-methadone yexesha elide okanye ulondolozo lwe-buprenorphine.

Uninzi lwabantu ludinga unyango lwexesha elide emva koxinzelelo. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Amaqela okuzinceda, njengeNarcotics engaziwayo okanye ukubuyiswa kwe-SMART
• Iingcebiso zokunyanga ngaphandle
• Unyango olunzulu lokunyanga ngaphandle (ukulaliswa esibhedlele emini)
• Unyango lwangaphakathi

Nabani na ohamba nge-detox yee-opiates kufuneka ahlolwe uxinzelelo kunye nezinye izifo zengqondo. Ukunyanga ezi ngxaki kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokubuyela umva. Amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo kufuneka anikwe njengoko kufuneka.

Amaqela enkxaso, anje ngeNarcotics engaziwayo kunye nokubuyiswa kwe-SMART, kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kubantu abakhoboka leziyobisi:

• Iziyobisi ezingaziwayo- www.na.org
• Ukubuyiswa kweSMart- www.smartrecovery.org

Ukurhoxa kwii-opiates kubuhlungu, kodwa kuhlala kungoyikisi ubomi.

Iingxaki zibandakanya ukugabha nokuphefumla okuqulathwe sisisu kwimiphunga. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumnqweno, kwaye kunokubangela usuleleko lwemiphunga. Ukuphalaza urhudo kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka emzimbeni kunye neekhemikhali zomzimba kunye nezimbiwa (i-electrolyte).

Eyona ngxaki inkulu kukubuyela ekusebenziseni iziyobisi. Uninzi lokusweleka kwe-opiate overdose lwenzeka kubantu abasandula ukukhupha idosi. Ukurhoxa kunciphisa ukunyamezelwa komntu kwichiza, ke abo basandula ukuphuma ekurhoxiseni banokudlula ngaphezulu kwidosi encinci kunokuba bebeqhele ukuthatha.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba usebenzisa okanye urhoxa kwii-opiates.

Ukurhoxa kwiiopioids; Ukudinwa; Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi-ukurhoxiswa kwe-opiate; Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi -ukurhoxa kwi-opiate; Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi-ukurhoxa kwi-opiate; Ukuphathwa gadalala kwe-narcotic-ukurhoxa kwi-opiate; Ukurhoxiswa kwe-Methadone-opiate; Amayeza obuhlungu-ukurhoxiswa kwe-opiate; Ukuphathwa gadalala kweHeroin-ukurhoxa kwi-opiate; Ukuphathwa gadalala kweMorphine-ukurhoxiswa kwe-opiate; Ukurhoxiswa kwe-Opoid; I-Meperidine-ukurhoxiswa kwe-opiate; Ukurhoxiswa kwe-Dilaudid-opiate; Ukurhoxiswa kweOxycodone - opiate; Ipercocet-opiate yokurhoxa; Ukurhoxiswa kweOxycontin - opiate; Ukurhoxiswa kwehydrocodone - opiate; Detox - opiates; Ukuchithwa kwetyhefu-opiates

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UNikolaides JK, uThompson TM. Iipioids. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 156.

Ritter JM, Flower R, Henderson G, Loke YK, MacEwan D, Rang HP. Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye nokuxhomekeka. Ku: Ritter JM, Flower R, Henderson G, Loke YK, MacEwan D, Rang HP, ii-eds. Rang kunye noDale's Pharmacology. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 50.

Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okuphambili kunye nezalathi zempilo yengqondo e-United States: Iziphumo ezivela kuPhando lweLizwe lwe-2018 malunga nokuSebenzisa iziyobisi kunye neMpilo. www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/cbhsq-reports/NSDUHNationalFindingsReport2018/NSDUHNationalFindingsReport2018.pdf. Ukuhlaziywa kuka-Agasti 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJuni 23, 2020.