Ubuchule

I-Gigantism kukukhula okungaqhelekanga ngenxa yokugqithisa kokukhula kwehomoni (GH) ngexesha lobuntwana.

I-Gigantism inqabile kakhulu. Esona sizathu siqhelekileyo sokukhutshwa kwe-GH kakhulu sisisu esingenamhlaza (benign) sethumba se-pituitary gland. Ezinye izizathu zibandakanya:

• Isifo semfuza esichaphazela umbala wesikhumba (i-pigmentation) kwaye sibangele izilonda ezinobungozi besikhumba, intliziyo, kunye ne-endocrine (hormone) system (iCarney complex)
• Isifo semfuza esichaphazela amathambo kunye nombala wolusu (iMcCune-Albright syndrome)
• Isifo semfuza apho enye okanye nangaphezulu yamadlala endocrine asebenza kakhulu okanye enze isimila (uninzi lwe-endocrine neoplasia yohlobo 1 okanye udidi 4)
• Isifo semfuza esenza amathumba emithambo-luvo
• Isifo apho amathumba enza imithambo-luvo yengqondo kunye nomqolo (neurofibromatosis)

Ukuba i-GH egqithileyo yenzeka emva kokukhula okuqhelekileyo kwethambo (ukuphela kobuntwana), imeko yaziwa ngokuba yi-acromegaly.

Umntwana uya kukhula ngobude, nakwizihlunu nakwizitho zomzimba. Ukukhula okugqithisileyo kwenza ukuba umntwana abe mkhulu kakhulu kubudala bakhe.

Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Ukulibaziseka kokufikisa
• Umbono ophindwe kabini okanye ubunzima becala (lomda) umbono
• Ibunzi elibalaseleyo (umphathi wangaphambili) kunye nomhlathi obalaseleyo
• Izikhewu phakathi kwamazinyo
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukwanda kokubila
• Ixesha elingaqhelekanga (ukuya esikhathini)
• Intlungu edibeneyo
• Izandla neenyawo ezinkulu ezineminwe eshinyeneyo neenzwane
• Ukukhululwa kobisi lwebele
• Iingxaki zokulala
• Ukutyeba kweempawu zobuso
• Ubuthathaka
• Ilizwi liyatshintsha

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga neempawu zomntwana.

Iimvavanyo zaselebhu ezinoku-odolwa zibandakanya:

• ICortisol
• I-Estradiol (amantombazana)
• Uvavanyo lokucinezelwa kweGH
• IProlactin
• Ukukhula okufana ne-insulin-mna
• Testosterone (amakhwenkwe)
• Idlala lengqula

Ukulinganisa iimvavanyo, ezinje nge-CT okanye i-MRI scan entloko, nazo zinoku-odolwa ukuba zivavanye ithumba lesikhumba.

Kwizilonda zepituitary, utyando lunokunyanga iimeko ezininzi.

Xa utyando lungenakususa ngokupheleleyo ithumba, amayeza asetyenziselwa ukuvimba okanye ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-GH okanye ukuthintela i-GH ekubeni ifikelele kwizicubu ekujoliswe kuzo.

Ngamanye amaxesha unyango lwemitha lusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ubungakanani bethumba emva kotyando.

Utyando lwe-pituitary luhlala luphumelela ekunciphiseni imveliso ye-GH.

Unyango lwakwangoko lunokuguqula uninzi lweenguqu ezibangelwe kukugqitha kweGH.

Utyando kunye nonyango lwemitha kungakhokelela kumanqanaba asezantsi ezinye iihomoni zepituitary. Oku kunokubangela nayiphi na kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ukungabikho kwe-adrenal (i-adrenal glands ayivelisi ngokwaneleyo i-hormone yazo)
• Isifo seswekile i-insipidus (ukoma kakhulu kunye nokuchama kakhulu; kwiimeko ezinqabileyo)
• Hypogonadism (amadlala esini omzimba avelisa incinci okanye ayinawo amahomoni)
• IHypothyroidism (idlala lengqula alenzi ngokwaneleyo idlala lengqula)

Biza umnikezeli wakho ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu zokukhula okugqithileyo.

I-Gigantism ayinakunqandwa. Unyango lwakwangoko lunokuthintela ukuba isifo singabi mbi kwaye luncede ukunqanda iingxaki.

Ingxilimbela yebhinqa; Ukuveliswa ngokugqithisileyo kwehomoni yokukhula; Ukukhula kwehomoni-imveliso egqithileyo

• Amadlala endocrine

Katznelson L, Laws ER Jr, Melmed S, okqhubekayo; Umbutho we-Endocrine. I-Acromegaly: isikhokelo sonyango esikwi-endocrine. J Ikliniki ye-Endocrinol Metab. Ngo-2014; 99 (11): 3933-3951. IINKCUKACHA: 25356808 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25356808.

UMelmed S. Acromegaly. Ku: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, ii-eds. Endocrinology: Abantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 12.