Neonatal hypothyroidism

I-Neonatal hypothyroidism iyancipha kwimveliso yehomoni yedlala kwimveku. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, akukho hormone ye-thyroid eveliswayo. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba kukuzalwa kwe-hypothyroidism. Ukuzalwa kuthetha ukuba khona kwasekuzalweni.

Idlala lengqula lilungu elibalulekileyo lenkqubo yonyango. Ime ngaphambili entanyeni, ngaphezulu ngentla apho kudibana khona amathambo eekhola. Idlala lengqula lenza iihomoni ezilawula indlela zonke iiseli zomzimba ezisebenzisa ngayo amandla. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yimetabolism.

I-Hypothyroidism kusana olusandul 'ukuzalwa kunokubangelwa:

• Idlala lengqula elilahlekileyo okanye elingaphuhlanga kakuhle
• Idlala lengqula elingavuseleli idlala lengqula
• Iihomoni ze-thyroid ezakhiwe kakuhle okanye ezingasebenzi
• Amayeza umama awathatha ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• Ukungabikho kwe-iodine ekudleni komama ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• Ii-antibodies ezenziwe ngumama womama othintela umsebenzi we-thyroid womntwana

Idlala lengqula elingaphuhliswanga ngokupheleleyo sesona siphako sixhaphakileyo. Amantombazana achaphazeleka kabini kunamakhwenkwe.

Uninzi lweentsana ezichaphazelekayo zineempawu ezimbalwa okanye azinazo kwaphela. Kungenxa yokuba inqanaba lehomoni yedlala lengqula liphantsi kancinci. Iintsana ezine-hypothyroidism eqatha zihlala zinembonakalo eyahlukileyo, kubandakanya:

• Ukubonakala okumfiliba
• Ubuso obukhukhumeleyo
• Ulwimi olujiyileyo olunamathelayo

Oku kubonakala kubonakala ngathi esi sifo siya sisiba mandundu.

Umntwana unokufumana:

• Ukondla okungalunganga, iziqendu ezikrwitshayo
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Iinwele ezomileyo nezomileyo
• Isandi sokukhala
• I-jaundice (ulusu kunye nabamhlophe ngamehlo babonakala batyheli)
• Ukungabikho kwethoni ye-muscle (i-floppy baby)
• Iinwele eziphantsi
• Ukuphakama okufutshane
• Ukulala
• Ukonqena

Uvavanyo lomzimba losana lunokubonisa:

• Ukuncipha kwemisipha
• Ukukhula kancinci
• Ukukhala okanye ilizwi elirhabaxa
• Iingalo kunye nemilenze emifutshane
• Iindawo ezinkulu kakhulu ezithambileyo kwikakayi (fontanelles)
• Izandla ezibanzi ezineminwe emifutshane
• Amathambo okakayi ngokubanzi

Uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwa ukujonga ukusebenza kwe-thyroid. Olunye uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• Ukuskena kwe-thyroid
• IX-reyi yamathambo amade

Ukuchonga kwangoko kubaluleke kakhulu. Uninzi lweziphumo zehypothyroidism kulula ukubuyela umva. Ngesi sizathu, uninzi lwamazwe ase-US afuna ukuba bonke abantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa bahlolwe i-hypothyroidism.

I-Thyroxine ihlala inikwa ukunyanga i-hypothyroidism. Nje ukuba umntwana aqalise ukuthatha eli yeza, uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid akuluhlu oluqhelekileyo.

Ukuchongwa kwangoko kuhlala kukhokelela kwisiphumo esihle. Iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa zichongiwe kwaye zinyangwa kwinyanga yokuqala okanye zihlala zinobukrelekrele obuqhelekileyo.

Ukungafunyanwa okunganyangekiyo kwe-hypothyroidism kunokukhokelela kukhubazeko lwengqondo olunzima kunye neengxaki zokukhula. Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo idlula kuphuhliso olubalulekileyo ngexesha leenyanga zokuqala emva kokuzalwa. Ukungabikho kwamahomoni e-thyroid kunokubangela umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba:

• Uziva usana lwakho lubonisa iimpawu okanye iimpawu zehypothyroidism
• Ukhulelwe kwaye ubonakalisiwe kwiziyobisi ze-antithyroid okanye iinkqubo

Ukuba umfazi okhulelweyo uthatha iodine ye-radioactive kumhlaza we-thyroid, i-thyroid gland ingatshatyalaliswa kumntwana okhulayo. Iintsana ezinoomama abathathe la mayeza kufuneka zijongwe ngononophelo emva kokuzalwa ngenxa yeempawu zehypothyroidism. Kwakhona, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo akufuneki bakuphephe ukutyiwa nge-ayodini.

Uninzi lwamazwe lufuna uvavanyo lokuhlola rhoqo ukujonga lonke usana kwi-hypothyroidism. Ukuba urhulumente wakho akanayo le mfuneko, cela umboneleli wakho ukuba umntwana wakho osandul 'ukuzalwa kufuneka ahlolwe.

Cretinism; Ukuzalwa kwe-hypothyroidism

UChuang J, uGutmark-Mncinci mna, uRose SR. Ukuphazamiseka kwendlala engapheliyo. Ku: UMartin RJ, uFanaroff AA, uWalsh MC, ii-eds. UFanaroff kunye noMartin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Izifo ze-Fetus kunye neentsana. Ngomhla we-10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 97.

UWassner AJ, uSmith JR. IHypothyroidism. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 581.