Isifo seswekile kunye nesifo samehlo

Isifo seswekile sinokwenzakalisa amehlo. Ingonakalisa imithambo yegazi encinci kwi-retina, ngasemva kweliso lakho. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile.

Isifo seswekile sonyusa nethuba lokuba ne-glaucoma, cataract, kunye nezinye iingxaki zamehlo.

I-retinopathy yeswekile ibangelwa ngumonakalo kwisifo seswekile ukuya kwimithambo yegazi yeretina. Iretina ngumaleko weethishu ngasemva kweliso langaphakathi. Itshintsha ukukhanya kunye nemifanekiso engena emehlweni kwiimpawu zemithambo-luvo, ezithunyelwa kwingqondo.

Ukubona isifo seswekile sesona sizathu siphambili sokwehla kombono okanye ukungaboni kubantu baseMelika abaneminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-74. Abantu abanohlobo 1 okanye uhlobo 2 seswekile basemngciphekweni wale meko.

Ithuba lokuphuhlisa i-retinopathy kunye nokuba nefom eqatha kakhulu liphezulu xa:

• Uneswekile ixesha elide.
• Iswekile yegazi lakho (iswekile) ayilawulwanga kakuhle.
• Uyatshaya okanye unoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye icholesterol ephezulu.

Ukuba sele usenomonakalo kwimithambo yegazi esweni lakho, ezinye iindlela zokuzilolonga zinokuyenza ingxaki ngakumbi. Hlola nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo yovavanyo.

Ezinye iingxaki zamehlo ezinokubakho kubantu abanesifo seswekile zibandakanya:

• I-Cataract-Ukugcwala kwelensi yamehlo.
• I-glaucoma - Ukwanda koxinzelelo kwiso elinokubangela ubumfama.
• I-Macular edema -Umbono ongacacanga ngenxa yokuvuza kolwelo kwindawo yeretina ebonelela ngombono ophambili.
• I-Retinal detachment - Ukuqhekeka okunokubangela ukuba i-retina ishiye ngasemva kwamehlo akho.

Iswekile ephezulu yegazi okanye utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwinqanaba leswekile egazini kuhlala kubangela umbono ophuthileyo. Kungenxa yokuba ilensi embindini wamehlo ayinako ukutshintsha imilo xa ineeswekile eninzi namanzi kwiilensi. Le asiyongxaki inye njengesifo seswekile.

Rhoqo, isifo sengqondo seswekile asinazo iimpawu de umonakalo owenziwe ngamehlo wakho ubukhali. Kungenxa yokuba umonakalo kuninzi lwe-retina lunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba umbono wakho uchaphazeleke.

Iimpawu zesifo seswekile zibandakanya:

• Umbono ophucukileyo kunye nelahleko lokubona kade ngexesha
• Iiflothi
• Izithunzi okanye iindawo ezilahlekileyo zombono
• Unengxaki yokubona ebusuku

Abantu abaninzi abane-retinopathy yeswekile yokuqala abanazo iimpawu ngaphambi kokuba ukuphuma kwegazi kwenzeke kwiliso. Kungenxa yoko le nto wonke umntu onesifo seswekile kufuneka abe novavanyo lwamehlo rhoqo.

Ugqirha wamehlo wakho uza kuvavanya amehlo akho. Unokucelwa kuqala ukuba ufunde itshathi yamehlo. Emva koko uya kufumana i-eye eye ukwandisa abafundi bamehlo akho. Uvavanyo onokuthi ubandakanye kulo:

• Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho (tonometry)
• Ukujonga ulwakhiwo ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho (uviwo lwesibane sokukroba)
• Ukujonga kunye nokufota i-retinas yakho (i-fluorescein angiography)

Ukuba unesigaba sokuqala se-diabetic retinopathy (i-nonproliferative), ugqirha wamehlo angabona:

• Imithambo yegazi kwiliso likhulu kwiindawo ezithile (ezibizwa ngokuba zii-microaneurysms)
• Imithambo yegazi evaliweyo
• Amanani amancinci okuphuma kwegazi (ukopha kwimithambo yokubuyisa) kunye nolwelo oluvuza kwi-retina

Ukuba uhambele phambili kwi-retinopathy (eyandayo), ugqirha wamehlo unokubona:

• Imithambo yegazi emitsha eqala ukukhula elisweni ebuthathaka kwaye inokuphuma
• Amabala amancinci enza kwi-retina nakwezinye iindawo zeso (i-vitreous)

Olu vavanyo lwahlukile kukuya kugqirha wamehlo (ugqirha wamehlo) ukujonga umbono wakho nokujonga ukuba ufuna iiglasi ezintsha na. Ukuba uphawula utshintsho kumbono uze ubone ugqirha wamehlo, qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wamehlo ukuba unesifo seswekile.

Abantu abane-retinopathy yokuqala yeswekile abanakufuna unyango. Kodwa kufuneka zilandelwe ngokusondeleyo ngugqirha wamehlo oqeqeshelwe ukunyanga izifo zamehlo zeswekile.

Nje ukuba ugqirha wakho wamehlo aqaphele imithambo yegazi emitsha ekhulayo kwi-retina yakho (i-neovascularization) okanye uhlakulele i-macular edema, unyango luyafuneka rhoqo.

Utyando lwamehlo lolona nyango luphambili lwesifo seswekile.

• Utyando lwamehlo lweLaser lwenza ukutsha okuncinci kwiretina apho kukho imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-photocoagulation. Isetyenziselwa ukugcina iinqanawa zingavuzi, okanye ukunciphisa iinqanawa ezingaqhelekanga.
• Utyando olubizwa ngokuba yi-vitrectomy lusetyenziswa xa kukho ukopha (ukopha) kwiliso. Ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-retinal detachment.

Amayeza atofelwe kwibhola yamehlo anokunceda ukuthintela imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga ukuba ikhule.

Landela ingcebiso kagqirha wamehlo ngendlela yokukhusela umbono wakho. Yiba neemviwo zamehlo rhoqo njengoko kucetyiswa, zihlala kanye kwiminyaka eli-1 ukuya kwemi-2.

Ukuba unesifo seswekile kwaye iswekile esegazini lakho ibiphezulu kakhulu, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika amayeza amatsha okwehlisa izinga leswekile esegazini. Ukuba unesifo seswekile, umbono wakho unokuba mbi ixesha elifutshane xa uqala ukuthatha amayeza aphucula ngokukhawuleza inqanaba leswekile yegazi.

Izixhobo ezininzi zinokukunceda uqonde ngakumbi ngesifo seswekile. Unokufunda iindlela zokulawula isifo sakho seswekile.

• Umbutho weSwekile yaseMelika- www.diabetes.org
• IZiko leLizwe leSwekile kunye neZifo zeDigestive kunye neZintso- www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes
• Thintela ubumfama eMelika- www.preventblindness.org

Ukulawula isifo sakho seswekile kunokunceda ukucothisa isifo seswekile kunye nezinye iingxaki zamehlo. Lawula inqanaba leswekile yegazi lakho (glucose) ngokuthi:

• Ukutya ukutya okusempilweni
• Ukwenza umthambo rhoqo
• Ukujonga iswekile yegazi lakho rhoqo njengoko kuyalelwe ngumboneleli weswekile kunye nokugcina irekhodi lamanani akho ukuze wazi iintlobo zokutya kunye nemisebenzi echaphazela inqanaba leswekile yegazi
• Ukuthatha amayeza okanye i-insulin njengoko kuyalelwe

Unyango lunokunciphisa ukulahleka kombono. Abaphilisi i-retinopathy yeswekile okanye ukuguqula utshintsho esele lwenzekile.

Isifo samehlo seswekile sinokubangela ukunciphisa umbono kunye nokungaboni.

Biza ixesha lokuqeshwa nogqirha wamehlo (ophthalmologist) ukuba unesifo seswekile kwaye khange umbone ugqirha wamehlo kunyaka ophelileyo.

Fowunela ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba kukho ezi mpawu zilandelayo zintsha okanye ziya zisiba mbi:

• Awuboni kakuhle ekukhanyeni okufipheleyo.
• Unamabala angaboniyo.
• Unombono ophindwe kabini (ubona izinto ezimbini xa inye kuphela).
• Umbono wakho awumfiliba okanye ufiphele kwaye awukwazi ukugxila.
• Unentlungu kwelinye lamehlo akho.
• Unentloko.
• Ubona amabala edada emehlweni akho.
• Awunakho ukubona izinto kwicala lendawo yakho yombono.
• Ubona izithunzi.

Ukulawulwa kakuhle kweswekile yegazi, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye necholesterol kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni ukubuya kwesifo seswekile.

Musa ukutshaya. Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokuyeka, cela umboneleli wakho.

Abasetyhini abanesifo seswekile abakhulelweyo kufuneka babe neemviwo zamehlo rhoqo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nonyaka emva kokubeleka.

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwakhona - isifo seswekile; I-Photocoagulation - iretina; Ukujonga kwakhona isifo seswekile

• Unonophelo lwamehlo seswekile
• Uvavanyo lwesifo seswekile kunye nokuhlolwa
• Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile- ukubuza ugqirha

• Uvavanyo lwesibane
• Ukujonga kwakhona isifo seswekile

Umbutho weSwekile yaseMelika. 11.Iingxaki zeMicrovascular kunye nokhathalelo lweenyawo: imigangatho yokhathalelo lonyango kwisifo seswekile-2020. Unonophelo lweSwekile. 2020; 43 (iSuppl 1): S135-S151. IINKCUKACHA: 31862754 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862754/.

Lim JI. Ukujonga kwakhona isifo seswekile. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ii-eds. Ophthalmology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 6.22.

Skugor M. Isifo seswekile. Ku: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, ii-eds. URetina kaRyan. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 49.