I-Choanal atresia

I-Choanal atresia kukunciphisa okanye ukuvaleka kwendlela yempumlo ngeethishu. Yimeko yokuzalwa, oko kuthetha ukuba ikhona ekuzalweni.

Unobangela we-choanal atresia awaziwa. Kucingelwa ukuba kwenzeka xa izicwili ezincinci zahlula impumlo kunye nomlomo ngexesha lokukhula komntwana emva kokuzalwa.

Imeko yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwiimpumlo kwiintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa. Abasetyhini bafumana le meko malunga nokuphindaphinda kabini kunamadoda. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha seentsana ezichaphazelekayo zikwanazo nezinye iingxaki zokuzalwa.

I-Choanal atresia ihlala ifunyaniswa emva nje kokuzalwa ngelixa usana lusesibhedlele.

Iintsana ngokubanzi zikhetha ukuphefumla ngeempumlo. Ngokwesiqhelo, iintsana ziphefumla ngemilomo yazo xa zikhala. Iintsana ezine-choanal atresia zinobunzima bokuphefumla ngaphandle kokuba ziyakhala.

I-Choanal atresia inokuchaphazela elinye okanye omabini amacala endlela yomoya. I-Choanal atresia ethintela omabini amacala empumlo ibangela iingxaki zokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza ngombala oluhlaza kunye nokusilela kokuphefumla. Ezi ntsana zinokufuna ukuvuselelwa xa ziziswa. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha seentsana zinokuvaleka kwicala elinye kuphela, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki ezingaphantsi kakhulu.

Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Isifuba sibuyele emva kokuba umntwana ephefumla ngomlomo okanye ekhala.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla emva kokuzalwa, okunokuthi kukhokelele kwi-cyanosis (umbala omnyama), ngaphandle kokuba umntwana uyalila.
• Ukungakwazi ukonga nokuphefumla ngaxeshanye.
• Ukungakwazi ukudlulisa i-catheter kwicala ngalinye lempumlo uye emqaleni.
• Ukuqhubeka kokuvaleka kwempumlo okanye ukukhupha.

Uvavanyo lomzimba lunokubonisa ukuphazamiseka kwempumlo.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Ukuskena i-CT
• Ukuphela kwempumlo
• Isus x-reyi

Inkxalabo yangoko kukuvuselela umntwana ukuba kukho imfuneko. Indlela yomoya kungafuneka ibekwe ukuze usana luphefumle. Kwezinye iimeko, i-intubation okanye i-tracheostomy inokufuneka.

Usana lunokufunda ukuphefumla ngomlomo, olunokulibazisa isidingo sotyando olukhawulezileyo.

Utyando lokususa isithintelo lunyanga ingxaki. Utyando lunokulibaziseka ukuba usana luyakunyamezela ukuphefumla ngomlomo. Olu tyando lunokwenziwa ngeempumlo (transnasal) okanye ngomlomo (transpalatal).

Ukuchacha ngokupheleleyo kulindeleke.

Iingxaki ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• Ukuphefumla ngelixa usondla kwaye uzama ukuphefumla ngomlomo
• Ukubanjwa ngokuphefumla
• Ukulungiswa kwakhona kwendawo emva kotyando

I-Choanal atresia, ngakumbi xa ichaphazela omabini amacala, ifunyaniswa ngokubanzi emva nje kokuzalwa ngelixa usana lusesibhedlele. I-atresia esecaleni inokubangela iimpawu, kwaye usana lunokuthunyelwa ekhaya lingaxilwanga.

Ukuba usana lwakho lunazo naziphi na iingxaki ezidweliswe apha, nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo. Umntwana unokufuna ukuba ahlolwe yindlebe, impumlo, nomqala (ENT) oyingcali.

Akukho sithintelo saziwayo.

U-Elluru RG. Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kwempumlo kunye ne-nasopharynx. Ku: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, ii-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Utyando lweNtloko kunye neNtamo. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahl. 189.

IHaddad J, iDodhia SN. Ukuphazamiseka kokuzalwa kwempumlo. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 404.

I-Otteson TD, i-Wang T. Upper ulusu lwendlela yomoya kwi-neonate. Ku: UMartin RJ, uFanaroff AA, uWalsh MC, ii-eds. UFanaroff kunye noMartin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 68.