Ukutsalwa kwecala

Ukutsalwa kwethala yinkqubo yonyango apho ubunzima okanye uxinzelelo lusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa ilungu lomzimba kwicala okanye kude nendawo yalo yoqobo.

Ukutsalwa kungasetyenziselwa ukunyanga okanye ukunciphisa nakuphi na ukudibana ngokudibeneyo okanye ukwaphuka kwethambo ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo emlenzeni okanye engalweni enobunzima kunye neepleyi ukulungelelanisa ithambo. Umzekelo, inokusetyenziselwa ukunceda ukuhambisa ithambo elaphukileyo ngelixa liphilisa. Ukutsalwa kunokunciphisa iintlungu ezinxulumene nokwenzakala.

Ukutsalwa njengonyango kubandakanya ubungakanani bempixano okanye amandla asetyenzisiweyo, ubude bexesha uxinzelelo olusetyenzisiweyo, kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswayo ukugcina uxinzelelo.

• Ukuqhelaniswa kwecala

IBrowner BD, iJupiter JB, iKrettek C, kunye noAnderson PA. Ulawulo oluvaliweyo lokuphuka. Ku: Browner BD, Jupiter JB, Krettek C, Anderson PA, ii-eds. Uxinzelelo lwamathambo: iNzululwazi esisiseko, uLawulo, kunye noKwakha ngokutsha. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 6.

I-Witmer DK, iMarshall ST, iBrowner BD. Ukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo lokonzakala kwemisipha. Ku: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, ii-eds. Incwadi yeSabiston yoNyango: Isiseko sebhayiloji yoQeqesho lwangoku. Umhla we-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 18.