Ityhefu ye-Hydrofluoric acid

I-Hydrofluoric acid yikhemikhali ene-asidi eyomeleleyo. Ihlala ikwimo yolwelo. I-Hydrofluoric acid yikhemikhali ebangela ukubola kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba ikhawuleza ibangele umonakalo omkhulu kwizicwili, ezinjengokutsha, kunxibelelwano. Eli nqaku lixoxa ngetyhefu ekugingeni, ekuphefumlweni, okanye ekuchukumiseni i-hydrofluoric acid.

Eli nqaku lelolwazi kuphela. Sukuyisebenzisa ukunyanga okanye ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kwetyhefu eyiyo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye une-exposure, fowunela inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911), okanye iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yasimahla yoNcedo lweTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States.

I-Hydrofluoric acid

Le asidi isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinjongo zorhwebo. Isetyenziswa kwi:

• Ukuveliswa kwesikrini sekhompyuter
• Iibhalbhu ezibengezelayo
• Ukutsalwa kweglasi
• Ukuveliswa kwepetroli ephezulu
• Abanye basusa umhlwa ekhaya

Qaphela: Olu luhlu alunakubandakanya konke.

Ukusuka ekuginyeni:

• Ukutsha emlonyeni nasemqaleni kubangela iintlungu eziqatha
• Ukutsala amathe
• Ukuphefumla ubunzima ukusuka emqaleni nasemlonyeni ukudumba nokutsha
• Intlungu zesisu
• Ukuphalaza igazi
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukuwa (ukusuka kuxinzelelo lwegazi okanye ukothuka)
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga

Ukusuka ekuphefumleni (ukusezela) iasidi:

• Imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye neenzipho
• Ukugodola
• Ukuqina kwesifuba
• Ukukrwitsha
• Ukukhohlela igazi
• Ukubetha ngokukhawuleza
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Ifiva
• Ubuthathaka

Ukuba ityhefu ichukumise ulusu okanye amehlo akho, unokuba:

• Amadyungudyungu
• Ukutsha
• Intlungu
• Ukulahleka kombono

Ityhefu ye-Hydrofluoric acid inokuba nefuthe ngqo entliziyweni. Ingakhokelela ekungaqhelekanga, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha okusongela ubomi, ukubetha kwentliziyo.

Abantu abadibana nale tyhefu kunokwenzeka ukuba badibane neempawu ezidwelisiweyo.

Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. MUSA ukumenza umntu aphose ngaphandle kokuba axelelwe ukuba enze njalo nguLawulo lweTyhefu okanye ingcali yezempilo.

Ukuba imichiza isesikhumbeni okanye emehlweni, coca amanzi amaninzi ubuncinci imizuzu eli-15.

Mse esibhedlele kwangoko.

Olu lwazi lulandelayo luluncedo kuncedo olungxamisekileyo:

• Ubudala bomntu, ubunzima, kunye nemeko
• Igama lemveliso (izithako kunye namandla, ukuba kuyaziwa)
• Ixesha lokuginywa
• Isixa siginyiwe

Nangona kunjalo, SUKULIBAZA ukucela uncedo ukuba olu lwazi alufumaneki ngokukhawuleza.

Iziko lakho lokulawula ityhefu lingafikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wenombolo yasimahla yasimahla kuTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na e-United States. Le nombolo iya kukuvumela ukuba uthethe neengcali kwiityhefu. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Thatha isikhongozeli uhambe naso esibhedlele, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kulinganisa kwaye abeke esweni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zomntu, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Ukuginya le asidi kunokubangela ukwehla okukhulu koxinzelelo lwegazi. Ukuba umntu uphefumle umsi osuka kwi-asidi, umboneleli unokuva iimpawu zolwelo emiphungeni xa emamele esifubeni ngestethoscope.

Unyango oluthile luxhomekeke kwindlela eyityhefu eyenzeke ngayo. Iimpawu ziya kuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuba umntu uginye ityhefu, unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Inkxaso yomoya, kubandakanya ioksijini, ityhubhu yokuphefumla ngomlomo (intubation), kunye nomatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator)
• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• Ikhamera ezantsi emqaleni ukuze ubone ukutshisa kwi-esophagus nakwisisu (endoscopy)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)
• Ulwelo ngomthambo (IV)
• Izisombululo zeMagnesium kunye ne-calcium yokunciphisa i-asidi
• Amayeza okunyanga iimpawu

Ukuba umntu uthinte ityhefu, unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Izisombululo zeMagnesium kunye ne-calcium ezisetyenziswa kulusu ukunciphisa i-asidi (izisombululo zinokunikwa nge-IV)
• Ukubeka esweni ukujonga iimpawu zetyhefu emzimbeni wonke
• Amayeza okunyanga iimpawu
• Ukususwa kotyando kwesikhumba esitshisiweyo (ukususwa)
• Ukutshintshela kwisibhedlele esigxile kukhathalelo lokutsha
• Ukuhlamba ulusu (ukunkcenkceshela), kunokwenzeka rhoqo kwiiyure ezimbalwa kwiintsuku ezininzi

Ukuba umntu uphefumle ityhefu, unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Inkxaso yomoya, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla
• Unyango lokuphefumla oluhambisa calcium kwimiphunga
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ikhamera phantsi komqala ukuze ubone ukutshiswa kwindlela yomoya (i-bronchoscopy)
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)
• Amayeza okunyanga iimpawu

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntu kuxhomekeke kubungakanani betyhefu eginyileyo kunye nokuba unyango lufunyenwe ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ngokukhawuleza umntu efumana uncedo lwezonyango, ngcono ithuba lokufumana kwakhona.

I-Hydrofluoric acid iyingozi ngakumbi. Iingozi eziqhelekileyo ezibandakanya i-hydrofluoric acid zibangela ukutsha kakhulu kwesikhumba nasezandleni. Ukutsha kunokuba buhlungu kakhulu. Abantu baya kuba nokunuka okuninzi kunye nokuphulukana nomsebenzi kwindawo echaphazelekayo.

Umntu lowo kungafuneka alaliswe esibhedlele ukuze aqhubeke nonyango. Ukuginya le tyhefu kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kumalungu amaninzi omzimba. Umonakalo omkhulu emlonyeni, emqaleni, nasesiswini kunokwenzeka. Imingxunya (imingxunya) esophagus kunye nesisu inokubangela usulelo olubi esifubeni nakwimingxunya esiswini, enokubangela ukufa. Utyando lunokufuneka ukuze kulungiswe i-perforations. Umhlaza we-esophagus ngumngcipheko omkhulu kubantu abahlala emva kokungenisa i-hydrofluoric acid.

Fluorohydric acid

IHoyte C. Caustics. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 148.

Ilayibrari yeSizwe yase-US yamayeza, iiNkonzo zeNgcaciso eziKhethekileyo, iwebhusayithi yeToxicology Data Network. IHydrogen fluoride. YiyaTynet.nlm.nih.gov. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJulayi 26, 2018. Ifikeleleke ngoJanuwari 17, 2019.