Isigcawu somhlolokazi omnyama

Isigcawu esimnyama somhlolokazi (uhlobo lweLatrodectus) sinomzimba omenyezelayo omnyama omile okweyure ebomvu kwindawo yesisu. Ukulunywa yityhefu yomhlolokazi omnyama kuyityhefu. Uhlobo lwesigcawu, ekukho kulo umhlolokazi omnyama, luqulathe elona nani likhulu lezilwanyana ezinobungozi ezaziwayo.

Eli nqaku lelolwazi kuphela. SUKUYISETYENZISE ukuphatha okanye ukuphatha isilwanyana esibi somlingo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye uyalunywa, tsalela inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911), okanye indawo yakho yetyhefu yengingqi inokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wenombolo yasimahla yoNcedo lweTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphina eUnited States.

Ubuhlungu besigcawu somhlolokazi omnyama sinezinto ezinetyhefu egulisa abantu.

Abahlolokazi abaNtsundu bafumaneka kulo lonke elaseMelika, ikakhulu eMzantsi naseNtshona. Zihlala zifumaneka koovimba, iishedi, iindonga zamatye, iingcingo, iiplanga, ifanitshala yevaranda, kunye nolunye ulwakhiwo lwangaphandle.

Olu hlobo lwesigcawu lufumaneka kwihlabathi liphela. Zininzi kwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo kunye neetropiki, ngakumbi kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni.

Iimpawu zokuqala zokulunywa ngumhlolokazi omnyama zihlala zineentlungu ezifana ne-pinprick. Oku kuvakala xa kulunywa. Abanye abantu banokungaziva. Ukudumba okuncinci, ukuba bomvu, kunye nokuqaqamba okumile okujolise kuko kunokuvela.

Emva kwemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kweyure eli-1, iintlungu ezimfiliba zisasazeka ukusuka kwindawo yokuluma ziye kuwo wonke umzimba.

• Ukuba ukuluma kukumzimba ongentla, uhlala uziva uninzi lwentlungu esifubeni sakho.
• Ukuba ukuluma kumzimba wakho osezantsi, uhlala uziva uninzi lwentlungu esiswini sakho.

Ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokubakho:

• Ixhala
• Kunzima ukuphefumla
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Igazi elonyukayo
• Ukwanda kwamathe
• Ukwanda kokubila
• Ukuziva ukukhanya
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ubungqindilili kunye nokurhawuzela ujikeleze indawo yokuluma, ngamanye amaxesha kusasazeka kulunya
• Ukungazinzi
• Ukuxhuzula (kuhlala kubonwa ngaphambi nje kokufa kwabantwana abalunyiweyo)
• Iintlungu zemisipha eziqaqambayo okanye i-spasms
• Ukudumba kobuso kwiiyure emva kokulunywa. (Le patheni yokudumba ngamanye amaxesha iyabhideka kunye ne-aleji kwichiza elisetyenziswe kunyango.)

Abafazi abakhulelweyo banokuba nokusikwa kwaye baye kubeleka.

Ukulunywa kwesigcawu esimnyama kuyityhefu. Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. Tsalela iZiko loLawulo lweTyhefu ukhokele.

Landela la manyathelo ade anikwe uncedo lwezonyango:

• Coca indawo ngesepha namanzi.
• Gquba umkhenkce kwilaphu elicocekileyo uze ulibeke kwindawo yokuluma. Yiyeke imizuzu eli-10 kwaye emva koko ucime imizuzu eli-10. Phinda le nkqubo. Ukuba umntu uneengxaki zokuhamba kwegazi, nciphisa ixesha apho umkhenkce ukule ndawo ukuthintela ukonakala kolusu.
• Gcina indawo echaphazelekayo, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwetyhefu. Ukuqhekeka okwenziweyo kunokuba luncedo ukuba ukuluma bekusezingalweni, emilenzeni, ezandleni okanye ezinyaweni.
• Khulula iimpahla ususe amakhonkco nezinye izinto eziqinileyo.

Ngaba olu lwazi lukulungele:

• Ubudala bomntu, ubunzima, kunye nemeko
• Ixesha lokuluma kwenzeka
• Indawo emzimbeni apho kulunywe khona
• Uhlobo lwesigcawu, ukuba kunokwenzeka

Iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wasimahla kwiNombolo yoNcedo (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yiza nesigcawu kwigumbi lexakeka. Yifake kwisitya esikhuselekileyo.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kulinganisa kwaye abeke esweni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zomntu, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Umntu angafumana:

• I-Antivenin, iyeza lokuguqula iziphumo zetyhefu, ukuba ikhona
• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• Ukuxhasa ukuphefumla, kubandakanya ioksijini, ityhubhu emlonyeni ukuya emqaleni, kunye nomatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator)
• I-x-ray yesifuba, i-x-ray esiswini, okanye zombini
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)
• Amanzi afakwa ngaphakathi (IV, okanye ngethambo)
• Amayeza okunyanga iimpawu

Ngokubanzi, abantwana, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo, kunye nabantu abadala banokufuna ukunikwa i-antrodnus yeLatrodectus yokuguqula isiphumo sobuhlungu. Nangona kunjalo, inokubangela ukungalunganga okunzulu kwaye kufuneka isetyenziswe ngononophelo.

Iimpawu ezinzima zihlala ziqala ukuphucula ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3, kodwa iimpawu ezinobuzaza zinokuhlala iiveki ezininzi. Ukufa kumntu ophilileyo kunqabile kakhulu. Abantwana abancinci, abantu abagula kakhulu, kunye nabantu abadala abanakuphila ngokulunywa.

Nxiba impahla yokuzikhusela xa uhamba kwiindawo ezihlala ezi zigcawu. SUKUBEKA izandla okanye iinyawo ezindlwaneni zabo okanye kwiindawo zabo zokuzimela, ezinje ngeendawo ezimnyama, ezikhuselekileyo phantsi kweengodo okanye ibrashi yangaphantsi, okanye enye indawo efumileyo, efumileyo.

• IArthropods - iimpawu ezisisiseko
• Arachnids - iimpawu ezisisiseko
• Isigcawu somhlolokazi omnyama

IBoyer LV, uBinford GJ, uDegan JA. Isigcawu siyaluma. Ku: IAuerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS, ii-eds. Amayeza ase-Auerbach Wilderness. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 43.

UJames WD, u-Elston DM, nyanga i-JR, i-Rosenbach MA, i-IM ye-Neuhaus. Uhlaselo lweParasitic, ukuhlaba kunye nokulunywa. Ku: James WD, Elston DM, Phatha uJR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM, ii-eds. Izifo zikaAndrews zolusu: Unyango lweKlinikhi. Umhla we-13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 20

I-Otten EJ. Ukulimala kwezilwanyana ezinobungozi. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 55.