Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kolusu

Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kulusu okanye inwebu yangaphakathi iya kuhlala ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini egazini. Ixesha lezonyango yi-cyanosis.

Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibonelela ngeoksijini kwizicubu zomzimba. Uninzi lwexesha, phantse zonke iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwimithambo zithwala ioksijini epheleleyo. Ezi seli zegazi zibomvu ngokuqaqambileyo kwaye ulusu lupinki okanye bomvu.

Igazi eliphulukene neoksijini yalo limnyama-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Abantu abanegazi eliphantsi kwioksijini bahlala benombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kulusu lwabo. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-cyanosis.

Kuxhomekeka kwisizathu, icyanosis inokukhula ngesiquphe, kunye nokuphefumla kancinci kunye nezinye iimpawu.

ICyanosis ebangelwa ziingxaki zentliziyo okanye zemiphunga zexesha elide inokukhula kancinci. Iimpawu zinokubakho, kodwa zihlala zingabi qatha.

Xa inqanaba leoksijini lehle isixa esincinci kuphela, i-cyanosis kunokuba nzima ukuyifumana.

Kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama, i-cyanosis kunokuba lula ukuyibona kwiinwebu (imilebe, iintsini, ngapha nangapha kwamehlo) kunye nezipikili.

Abantu abane-cyanosis abadli ngokuba ne-anemia (ubalo lwegazi olusezantsi). I-anemia yimeko apho umzimba ungenayo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo.

I-cyanosis ebonwa kwilungu elinye kuphela lomzimba inokubangelwa:

• Igazi eligcina igazi elivimba umlenze, unyawo, isandla, okanye ingalo
• Imeko kaRaynaud (imeko apho amaqondo obushushu abandayo okanye iimvakalelo ezinamandla zibangela ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi, ethintela ukuhamba kwegazi kwiminwe, iinzwane, iindlebe, kunye nempumlo

UKUNGABI NEOXYGEN KWEGAZI

Uninzi lwecyanosis lwenzeka ngenxa yokungabikho kweoksijini egazini. Oku kunokubangelwa zezi ngxaki zilandelayo.

Iingxaki ngemiphunga:

• Igazi elixineneyo kwimithambo yemiphunga (pulmonary embolism)
• Ukurhaxwa okanye ukurhaxwa kufutshane
• Ukuphakama okuphezulu
• Usulelo kwiindinyana ezincinci zomoya kwimiphunga yabantwana, ebizwa ngokuba yi-bronchiolitis
• Iingxaki zexesha elide zemiphunga eziba nzima kakhulu, ezinjengeCOPD, isifuba, kunye nesifo semiphunga esiphakathi
• Iinyumoniya (ezinzima)

Iingxaki ngokuhamba komoya okukhokelela kwimiphunga:

• Ukuphefumla (nangona kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza)
• Ukutswina kwinto ebambeke kwindlela yomoya
• Ukuvuvukala ngeentambo zezwi (croup)
• Ukudumba kwethishu (epiglottis) egubungela i-windpipe (epiglottitis)

Iingxaki ngentliziyo:

• Iziphene zentliziyo ezikhoyo ngexesha lokuzalwa (ngokuzalwa)
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Intliziyo iyeke ukusebenza (ukubanjwa kwentliziyo)

Ezinye iingxaki:

• Ukugqithisa iziyobisi (iziyobisi, i-benzodiazepines, i-sedatives)
• Ukuboniswa komoya obandayo okanye amanzi
• Ukuhlutha okuhlala ixesha elide
• Iityhefu ezinje ngecyanide

Kwi-cyanosis ebangelwa kukuvezwa yingqele okanye into kaRaynaud, nxiba ngokufudumeleyo xa uphuma phandle okanye uhlale kwigumbi elifudumeleyo.

Ulusu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lunokuba luphawu lweengxaki ezininzi zonyango. Fowunela okanye undwendwele umboneleli wakho wezempilo.

Kubantu abadala, biza ugqirha wakho okanye u-911 ukuba unesikhumba esiluhlaza kunye nokunye oku kulandelayo:

• Awunakho ukuphefumla nzulu okanye ukuphefumla kwakho kuya kusiba nzima, okanye ngokukhawuleza
• Kufuneka uncike phambili xa uhleli uphefumla
• Ngaba basebenzisa izihlunu ezijikeleze iimbambo ukufumana umoya owaneleyo
• Yiba nentlungu esifubeni
• Ngaba uneentloko rhoqo ngakumbi kunesiqhelo
• Ndiziva ndisozela okanye ndibhidekile
• Unomkhuhlane
• Ngaba ukhohlela i-mucus emnyama

Kubantwana, biza ugqirha okanye u-911 ukuba umntwana wakho unesikhumba esiluhlaza kunye nenye yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukuphefumla ixesha elinzima
• Izihlunu zesifuba zihamba kunye nomoya ngamnye
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza okungaphezulu kwama-50 ukuya kuma-60 ngokuphefumla ngomzuzu (xa ungakhali)
• Ukwenza ingxolo ekrokrisayo
• Ukuhlala namagxa kugotyiwe
• Ndidinwe kakhulu
• Ayihambi kakhulu
• Unomzimba oqhwalelayo okanye wefloppy
• Impumlo ziyaphaphazela xa uphefumla
• Andiziva ngathi ndiyatya
• Uyacaphuka
• Unengxaki yokulala

Umboneleli wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Oku kuya kubandakanya ukumamela ukuphefumla kwakho kunye nezandi zentliziyo. Kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo (ezinje ngomothuko), uya kuzinza kuqala.

Umboneleli uya kubuza malunga neempawu zakho. Imibuzo inokubandakanya:

• Luvele nini ulusu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka? Ngaba yeza kancinci okanye ngequbuliso?
• Ngaba umzimba wakho uluhlaza umzimba wonke? Kuthiwani ngemilebe yakho okanye izikhonkwane?
• Ngaba ukhe wabethwa yingqele okanye waya kwindawo ephezulu?
• Ngaba unengxaki yokuphefumla? Ngaba unayo ukukhwehlela okanye iintlungu esifubeni?
• Ngaba unamaqatha, unyawo, okanye umlenze odumbileyo?

Uvavanyo olunoku-odolwa lubandakanya:

• Uhlalutyo lwegesi yegazi
• Ukuzaliswa kweoksijini yegazi nge-pulse oximetry
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Isifuba se-CT scan
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• ECG
• I-Echocardiogram (i-ultrasound yentliziyo)

Unyango olufumanayo luxhomekeke kwisizathu se-cyanosis. Umzekelo, unokufumana ioksijini ngokuphefumla okufutshane.

Imilebe - luhlaza; Iinzipho - ziluhlaza; ICyanosis; Imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye neenzipho; Ulusu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

• ICyanosis yebhedi yesikhonkwane

UFernandez-Frackelton M. Cyanosis. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 11.

UMcGee S. Cyanosis. Ku: McGee S, ed. Ubungqina obuSekwe ePhameni. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 9.