Ingqondo yomntwana

I-reflex yempendulo yemisipha eyenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo ekuphenduleni ukuvuselela. Iimvakalelo ezithile okanye iintshukumo zivelisa iimpendulo ezithile zemisipha.

Ubukho kunye namandla e-reflex luphawu olubalulekileyo lokuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokusebenza kunye nokusebenza.

Uninzi lweempawu zentsana ziyanyamalala njengoko umntwana ekhula, nangona ezinye zihlala zikhulile. I-Reflex esekho emva kobudala xa ibiya kuthi shwaka ngokwesiqhelo inokuba luphawu lobuchopho okanye ukonakala kwenkqubo yeemvakalelo.

Ukucinga kweentsana ziimpendulo eziqhelekileyo kwiintsana, kodwa ezingaqhelekanga kwamanye amaqela eminyaka. Oku kubandakanya:

• UMoro Reflex
• I-Reflex Sucking (incanca xa indawo ejikeleze umlomo ichukumisekile)
• I-Startle reflex (ukutsala iingalo nemilenze emva kokuva ingxolo enkulu)
• Inyathelo le-reflex (ukunyathela xa unyathelo lonyawo luchukumisa indawo enzima)

Olunye uguquko lweentsana lubandakanya:

ITHONIKI YENTLOKO

Le reflex yenzeka xa intloko yomntwana ekhululekile kwaye elele ejonge phezulu ifuduselwa ecaleni. Ingalo esecaleni apho intloko ijonge khona ifikelela kude emzimbeni ngesandla sivuliwe ngokuyinxenye. Ingalo esecaleni kobuso iyabethwa kwaye inqindi livalwe ngokuqinileyo. Ukuguqula ubuso bomntwana kwelinye icala kuguqula isikhundla. Isikhundla sentamo ye-tonic ihlala ichazwa njengendawo yomgcini-fencer kuba ijongeka njengokuma kwefencer.

UKUTSHONTSHWA KOMSEBENZI OKANYE INGXAWULELE YOKUGQIBELA

Le reflex yenzeka xa icala lomqolo wosana liphulwe okanye licofwe ngelixa usana lulele esiswini. Usana luya kugungqisa isinqe salo kukuchukumisa intshukumo yokudanisa.

REFLEX YOMHLATHI

Le reflex yenzeka xa ubeka umnwe entendeni evulekileyo yosana. Isandla siza kuvala ngomnwe. Ukuzama ukususa umnwe kubangela ukubambelela kuqinise. Iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa zinokubamba okuqinileyo kwaye zinokuphakanyiswa ukuba izandla zombini zibambe iminwe yakho.

I-REFLEX YOKUQALA

Le reflex yenzeka xa isidlele somntwana siphululwa. Usana luya kujikela kwicala ebeliphulwe kwaye liqale ukwenza iintshukumo zokuncancisa.

REFLEX YEPARACHUTE

Le reflex yenzeka kwiintsana ezindala kancinci xa umntwana ebanjwe ethe nkqo kwaye umzimba wosana ujikelezwa ngokukhawuleza ukuba ujonge phambili (njengokuwa). Usana luya kuzolula iingalo zalo ngokungathi luzophula ukuwa, nangona oku kubonakala ngathi kudala ngaphambi kokuba umntwana ahambe.

Imizekelo yeengcinga ezihlala umntu mdala zezi:

• I-Reflexing blink: ukuqhwanyaza amehlo xa echukumisiwe okanye xa kuvela ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo ngesiquphe
• Ukukhwehlela okukhohlisayo: ukukhwehlela xa indlela yomoya ivuselelwa
• I-Gag reflex: ukugcoba xa umqala okanye umva womlomo uvuselelwe
• I-Sneeze reflex: ukuthimla xa iipaseji zempumlo zicatshukiswa
• I-Reflex Yawn: ukuzamla xa umzimba ufuna ioksijini engakumbi

Ingqondo yomntwana inokuvela kubantu abadala abane:

• Umonakalo wobuchopho
• Ukubetha

Umboneleli ngononophelo lwempilo uhlala efumanisa imeko yokungaqhelekanga yosana ngexesha loviwo olwenziwe ngesinye isizathu. Ukucinga okuhlala ixesha elide kunokuba kufanele ukuba kube luphawu lwengxaki yenkqubo yeemvakalelo.

Abazali kufuneka bathethe nomboneleli wabantwana babo ukuba:

• Banexhala malunga nokukhula komntwana wabo.
• Bayaqaphela ukuba iingcamango zentsana ziyaqhubeka emntwaneni wabo emva kokuba befanele bayeka.

Umboneleli uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga nembali yonyango lomntwana.

Imibuzo inokubandakanya:

• Zeziphi izinto ezikrelekrele anazo umntwana?
• Iminyaka emingaphi xa usana ngalunye lwengqondo lunyamalale?
• Zeziphi ezinye iimpawu ezikhoyo (umzekelo, ukunciphisa ukuphaphama okanye ukuxhuzula)?

Ingqondo yokuqala; Reflexes kwiintsana; Intamo yeTonic reflex; Ingqondo ebonakalayo; Ukunyuka kwetruncal; Ukuzimisela kwakhona; Ingqondo yeparachute; Ukuqonda okucacileyo

• Ingqondo yomntwana
• UMoro Reflex

UFeldman HM, uChaves-Gnecco D. Uphuhliso / indlela yokuziphatha kwabantwana. Ku: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, ii-eds. UZitelli no-Davis ’Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 3.

ISchor NF. Uvavanyo lwe-Neurological. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 608.

Walker RWH. Inkqubo yovalo. Ku: Glynn M, Drake WM, ii-eds. Iindlela zeKlinikhi zikaHutchison. Umhla we-24. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 16.