Imithombo yeendaba ye-Otitis ene-effusion

Imithombo yeendaba ye-Otitis ene-effusion (i-OME) ityebile okanye incangathi incamathele emva kwendlebe kwindlebe ephakathi. Kwenzeka ngaphandle kosulelo lwendlebe.

Umbhobho we-Eustachian udibanisa ngaphakathi kwendlebe ukuya emva komqala. Le tyhubhu inceda ukukhupha ulwelo ukuyikhusela ekwakheni endlebeni. Amanzi aphuma kumbhobho aze aginywe.

Usulelo lwe-OME kunye neendlebe zidityaniswe ngeendlela ezimbini:

• Emva kokuba uninzi losulelo lwendlebe lunyangiwe, ulwelo (i-effusion) luhlala kwindlebe esembindini iintsuku ezimbalwa okanye iiveki.
• Xa ityhubhu ye-Eustachian ivaliwe ngokuyinxenye, ulwelo luyakheka kwindlebe esembindini. Iintsholongwane ngaphakathi endlebeni ziyabanjiswa kwaye ziqale ukukhula. Oku kunokukhokelela kusulelo lwendlebe.

Oku kulandelayo kunokubangela ukudumba kwetyhubhu ye-Eustachian lining ekhokelela ekwandeni kolwelo:

• Umzimba
• Irritants (ngakumbi umsi wecuba)
• Izifo zokuphefumula

Oku kulandelayo kunokubangela ukuba ityhubhu ye-Eustachi ivalwe okanye ivalwe:

• Ukusela ulele ngomqolo
• Ukunyuka ngesiquphe koxinzelelo lomoya (njengokuhla kwinqwelomoya okanye kwindlela yentaba)

Ukufumana amanzi ezindlebeni zosana akuyi kukhokelela kwityhubhu evaliweyo.

I-OME ixhaphake kakhulu ebusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kodwa inokwenzeka ngalo naliphi na ixesha lonyaka. Inokuchaphazela abantu nabuphi na ubudala. Kwenzeka rhoqo kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2, kodwa kunqabile kwiintsana.

Abantwana abancinci bafumana i-OME rhoqo kunabantwana abadala okanye abantu abadala ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:

• Umbhobho mfutshane, uthe tyaba ngakumbi, kwaye uthe nkqo, okwenza kube lula ukuba ibhaktiriya ingene.
• Umbhobho yi-floppier, kunye nokuvula okuncinci okulula ukuyivimba.
• Abantwana abancinci bangenwa yingqele kuba kuthatha ixesha ukuba amajoni omzimba akwazi ukuzibona nokuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane ezibandayo.

Umkhuhlane kwi-OME uhlala unciphile kwaye unamanzi. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, bekucingelwa ukuba ulwelo luya lusiba lude ixesha elide likho kwindlebe. ("Indlebe yeglu" ligama eliqhelekileyo elinikwa i-OME enamanzi ashinyeneyo.) Nangona kunjalo, ubukhulu be-fluid ngoku kucingelwa ukuba bunxulumene nendlebe uqobo, endaweni yokuba ubude bukho buphi na ubumanzi.

Ngokungafaniyo nabantwana abanesifo sendlebe, abantwana abane-OME abaziguli.

I-OME ihlala ingenazo iimpawu ezibonakalayo.

Abantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala bahlala bekhalaza ngokuva okungacacanga okanye ukuzaliswa kwendlebe. Abantwana abancinci banokunyusa ivolumu kamabonwakude ngenxa yokungeva kakuhle.

Umboneleli wezempilo unokufumana i-OME ngelixa ejonga iindlebe zomntwana wakho emva kokosulelwa yindlebe.

Umboneleli uya kuvavanya indlebe kwaye ajonge utshintsho oluthile, olunje:

• Amaqamza omoya kumphezulu weendlebe
• Ukuba buthuntu kwe-eardrum xa kusetyenziswa ukukhanya
• I-Eardrum ebonakala ngathi ayishukumi xa kuvuthuza umoya omncinci kuyo
• Ulwelo emva kwendlebe

Uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-tympanometry sisixhobo esichanekileyo sokuchonga i-OME. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zinokunceda ukuxelela isixa kunye nobukhulu bolwelo.

Amanzi endlebeni esembindini anokuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo ngoku:

• I-acoustic otoscope
• I-Reflectometer: Isixhobo esiphathwayo

Isilinganisi somsindo okanye olunye uhlobo lovavanyo lokumamela ngokusesikweni lunokwenziwa. Oku kunokunceda umboneleli athathe isigqibo ngonyango.

Uninzi lwababoneleli abayi kuyiphatha i-OME ekuqaleni, ngaphandle kokuba kukho imiqondiso yosulelo. Endaweni yoko, baya kuphinda bayikhangele ingxaki kwiinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3.

Unokwenza olu tshintsho lulandelayo ukunceda ukucoca ulwelo emva kwe-eardrum:

• Kulumkele ukutshaya
• Khuthaza iintsana ukuba zincancise
• Nyanga i-aleji ngokuhlala kude nezinto ezibangela (njengothuli). Abantu abadala kunye nabantwana abadala banokunikwa amayeza okwaliwa.

Amaxesha amaninzi ulwelo luya kucoca lodwa. Umboneleli wakho unokucebisa ukuba ujonge imeko okwethutyana ukuze ubone ukuba iya isiba mandundu ngaphambi kokucebisa unyango.

Ukuba ulwelo lisekhona emva kweeveki ezi-6, umboneleli unokucebisa:

• Ukuqhubeka nokubukela ingxaki
• Uvavanyo lokuva
• Uvavanyo olunye lwee-antibiotics (ukuba azinikwanga ngaphambili)

Ukuba ulwelo lusekhona kwiiveki ezi-8 ukuya kwezi-12, i-antibiotics inokuzama. La mayeza akasoloko eluncedo.

Ngexesha elithile, ukuva komntwana kufuneka kuvavanywe.

Ukuba kukho ukulahleka kwendlebe okubonakalayo (ngaphezulu kwe-20 decibel), ii-antibiotics okanye iityhubhu zendlebe zinokufuneka.

Ukuba ulwelo lisekhona emva kweenyanga ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6, kusenokwenzeka ukuba iityhubhu ziyafuneka, nokuba akukho kulahleka kwendlebe.

Ngamanye amaxesha ii-adenoids kufuneka zikhutshelwe ityhubhu ye-Eustachian ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

U-OME uhlala ehamba yedwa kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Unyango lunokukhawulezisa le nkqubo. Indlebe yeglue ayinakucacisa ngokukhawuleza njenge-OME enamanzi amancinci.

Rhoqo i-OME ayisosongelo kubomi. Uninzi lwabantwana alunamonakalo wexesha elide kwindlebe okanye amandla abo okuthetha, nokuba ulwelo luhlala iinyanga ezininzi.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unokuba ne-OME. (Kuya kufuneka uqhubeke ubukele le meko de ulwelo lunyamalale.)
• Iimpawu ezintsha zikhula ngexesha okanye emva konyango kwesi sifo.

Ukunceda umntwana wakho ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwendlebe kunokunceda ukukhusela i-OME.

OME; Imfihlo yemithombo yeendaba otitis; Serous otitis media; Cwaka i-otitis media; Usulelo lwe-ear cwaka; Indlebe yeglue

• Utyando lwetyhubhu yendlebe-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Iitoni kunye nokususwa kwe-adenoid-ukubhobhoza

• I-anatomy yendlebe
• Usulelo lwendlebe oluphakathi (otitis media)

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IPelton SI. I-Otitis externa, i-otitis media, kunye ne-mastoiditis. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 61.

URosenfeld RM, uShin JJ, uSchwartz SR, okqhubekayo. Isikhokelo sokusebenza kwezonyango: Imithombo yeendaba ye-Otitis ngesishwankathelo sesigqeba sokulawula (ukuhlaziywa) Intloko ye-Otolaryngol Surg. Ngo-2016; 154 (2): 201-214. IINKCUKACHA: 26833645 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26833645/.

ISchilder AGM, iRosenfeld RM, iVenekamp RP. Imithombo yeendaba ye-otitis echanekileyo kunye ne-otitis media nge-effusion. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, ii-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Utyando lweNtloko kunye neNtamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahl. 199.