Isifo esibucayi sokuphefumla (SARS)

Isifo sokuphefumla esiqatha (SARS) luhlobo olubi lwepneumonia. Usuleleko yintsholongwane ye-SARS ibangela uxinzelelo olukhulu lokuphefumla (ubunzima bokuphefumla), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukufa.

Eli nqaku limalunga nokuqhambuka kwe-SARS eyenzeka ngo-2003. Ukufumana ulwazi malunga nokuqhambuka kwe-coronavirus ka-2019, nceda ubone iZiko loLawulo lweZifo noKhuseleko (CDC).

I-SARS ibangelwa yi-SARS-enxulumene ne-coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Ngenye yosapho lwe-coronavirus lweentsholongwane (usapho olunye olunokubangela ukubanda okuqhelekileyo). Ubhubhane weSARS waqala ngo-2003 xa intsholongwane yasasazeka kwizilwanyana ezincancisayo zaya kubantu base China. Oluqhambuko lakhawuleza lafikelela kumgangatho wehlabathi, kodwa lwaluqulathe ngo-2003. Akukho matyala matsha eSARS axeliweyo ukusukela ngo-2004.

Xa umntu one-SARS ekhohlela okanye ethimla, amathontsi asulelekileyo afafaza emoyeni. Ungayibamba intsholongwane ye-SARS ukuba uyaphefumla okanye uchukumise la masuntswana. Intsholongwane ka-SARS inokuhlala ezandleni, kwizicubu nakwezinye iindawo ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezininzi kula mathontsi. Intsholongwane iyakwazi ukuhlala iinyanga okanye iminyaka xa ubushushu bungaphantsi komkhenkce.

Ngelixa ukusasazeka kwamathontsi kunxibelelwano olusondeleyo kubangele iimeko ezininzi zakuqala ze-SARS, i-SARS isenokusasazeka ngezandla nangezinye izinto ezichaphazelwe ngamathontsi. Ukuhanjiswa kwemoya yinto enokwenzeka kwezinye iimeko. Intsholongwane ephilayo ifunyenwe kwisitulo sabantu abane-SARS, apho kuboniswe ukuba baphila ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-4.

Ngezinye ii-coronaviruses, ukusuleleka kwaye uphinde uphinde ugule (ukuphinda uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde)) Oku kunokuba njalo nakwiSARS.

Iimpawu zihlala zenzeka malunga neentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-10 emva kokudibana nentsholongwane. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-SARS iqale kwangoko okanye emva koqhakamshelwano lokuqala. Abantu abaneempawu ezisebenzayo zokugula bayosulela. Kodwa ayaziwa ukuba umntu angosulela ixesha elingakanani emva kokuvela kweempawu.

Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:

• Khohlela
• Kunzima ukuphefumla
• Umkhuhlane we-100.4 ° F (38.0 ° C) okanye ngaphezulu
• Ezinye iimpawu zokuphefumla

Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Ukugodola nokungcangcazela
• Ukukhohlela, kuhlala kuqala kwiintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-7 emva kwezinye iimpawu
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ukudinwa

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ukukhwehlela okuvelisa i-phlegm (isikhohlela)
• Urhudo
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha

Kwabanye abantu, iimpawu zemiphunga ziba mandundu kwiveki yesibini yokugula, kwanasemva kokuba umkhuhlane umile.

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokuva izandi zemiphunga ezingaqhelekanga ngelixa umamele isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope. Uninzi lwabantu abane-SARS, i-x-ray yesifuba okanye isifuba se-CT bonisa inyumoniya, eqhelekileyo kwi-SARS.

Uvavanyo olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa i-SARS lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Uvavanyo lokunqanda igazi
• Uvavanyo lwekhemesti yegazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba okanye isifuba se-CT scan
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)

Uvavanyo olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza intsholongwane ebangela i-SARS ibandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwe-Antibody lweSARS
• Ukuzahlula ngokuthe ngqo intsholongwane ye-SARS
• Uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lwempendulo ye-polymerase chain (PCR) yentsholongwane ye-SARS

Zonke iimvavanyo zangoku zinemiqobo ethile. Basenokungakwazi ukuchonga ngokulula imeko ye-SARS kwiveki yokuqala yokugula, xa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyichonga.

Abantu ekucingelwa ukuba bane-SARS kufuneka bajongwe kwangoko ngumboneleli. Ukuba kurhanelwa ukuba bane-SARS, kufuneka bagcinwe bodwa esibhedlele.

Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Iintsholongwane zokunyanga iintsholongwane ezibangela inyumoniya (kude kube inyumoniya ibangelwa ngumkhuhlane okanye ukuba kukho inyumoniya yenyumoniya ukongeza kwi-SARS)
• Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane (nangona esebenza kakuhle kwi-SARS ayaziwa)
• Iidosi eziphezulu ze-steroids ukunciphisa ukudumba emiphungeni (ayaziwa ukuba isebenza njani)
• Ioksijini, ukuphefumla inkxaso (umoya ongenisa umoya), okanye unyango lwesifuba

Kwezinye iimeko ezimandundu, inxenye yegazi engamanzi evela kubantu esele ichache kwa-SARS inikwe njengonyango.

Akukho bungqina bunamandla bokuba olu nyango lusebenza kakuhle. Kukho ubungqina bokuba iyeza le-antiviral, i-ribavirin, alisebenzi.

Ngoqhambuko luka-2003, izinga lokusweleka kwabakwaSARS laliyi-9% ukuya kwi-12% yabo bafunyanisiweyo. Kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, inqanaba lokufa laliphezulu kune-50%. Isigulo sasinzima kubantu abancinci.

Kubantu abadala, abantu abaninzi bagula ngokwaneleyo ukuba badinga uncedo lokuphefumla. Kwaye abantu abaninzi kuye kwafuneka baye ezibhedlele.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yezempilo yoluntu isebenze ekulawuleni ukuqhambuka. Amazwe amaninzi awunqandile lo bhubhane kumazwe awo. Onke amazwe kufuneka aqhubeke nokuqaphela ukugcina esi sifo siphantsi kolawulo. Iintsholongwane kusapho lwe-coronavirus ziyaziwa ngokwazi kwazo ukutshintsha (ukuguqula) ukuze zisasazeke phakathi kwabantu.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Ukusilela kokuphefumla
• Ukungaphumeleli kwesibindi
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Iingxaki zezintso

Tsalela umnikezeli wakho ukuba wena okanye umntu obusondelelene naye une-SARS.

Okwangoku, akukho kwaziwa ngokuhanjiswa kwe-SARS naphina emhlabeni. Ukuba kwenzeka uqhambuko lwe-SARS, ukunciphisa unxibelelwano lwakho nabantu abane-SARS kwehlisa umngcipheko wesifo. Kunqande ukuhamba ukuya kwiindawo apho kukho uqhambuko olungalawulwayo lweSARS. Xa kunokwenzeka, kunqande ukunxibelelana ngqo nabantu abane-SARS de kube ubuncinci kwiintsuku ezili-10 emva kokuba umkhuhlane kunye nezinye iimpawu zingasekho.

• Ucoceko lwezandla yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kuthintelo lweSARS. Hlamba izandla zakho okanye uzicoce ngesicoceko esisesandleni esisebenzisa utywala kwangoko.
• Vala umlomo kunye nempumlo xa uthimla okanye ukhohlela. Amathontsi akhutshwa xa umntu ethimla okanye ekhohlela ayosulela.
• MUSA ukwabelana ngokutya, isiselo, okanye izinto.
• Zicoce iindawo ezidla ngokuchukunyiswa ngesibulali-ntsholongwane esamkelwe yi-EPA

Iimaski kunye nemigogo kunokuba luncedo ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwesi sifo. Unokusebenzisa iiglavu xa uphatha izinto ezinokuthi zithinte amachaphaza asulelekileyo.

SARS; Ukusilela ekuphefumuleni - SARS; I-SARS coronavirus; I-SARS-CoV

• Amaphaphu
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Isifo sokuphefumla esiqatha (SARS). www.cdc.gov/sars/index.html. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 6, 2017. Ifikeleleke ngo-Matshi 16, 2020.

UGerber SI, uWatson JT. Iintsholongwane ze-Corona. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 342.

I-Perlman S, McIntosh K. Coronaviruses, kubandakanya isifo sokuphefumla esiqatha (SARS) kunye nesifo sokuphefumla eMiddle East (MERS). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 155.