Umkhuhlane weentaka

Umkhuhlane weAvian Intsholongwane ebangela usuleleko lomkhuhlane kwiintaka. Iintsholongwane ezibanga esi sifo kwiintaka zingatshintsha (ziguquke) ukuze zisasazeke ebantwini.

Umkhuhlane wokuqala obizwa ngokuba yi-avian influenza ebantwini waxelwa eHong Kong ngo-1997. Wawubizwa ngokuba yi-avian influenza (H5N1). Ukuqhambuka kwakudityaniswe neenkukhu.

Ukusukela ngoko kuye kwakho amatyala abantu e-avian influenza A e-Asia, e-Afrika, e-Europe, e-Indonesia, e-Vietnam, e-Pacific, nase-Near East. Amakhulu abantu baye bagula yile ntsholongwane. Ukuya kwisiqingatha sabantu abafumana le ntsholongwane bayasweleka ngenxa yokugula.

Ithuba lokuqhambuka komhlaba jikelele ebantwini liyenyuka intsholongwane yomkhuhlane we-avian isasazeka.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo enza ingxelo ngama-21 athetha ngomkhuhlane weentaka kwaye akukho zifo ebantwini ngo-Agasti ka-2015.

• Uninzi lwezi zifo zenzekile ebaleni nasemva kwemihlambi yeenkukhu.
• Ezi ntsholongwane ze-HPAI H5 zisandula ukusulela abantu e-United States, Canada, okanye kumazwe ehlabathi. Umngcipheko wosulelo ebantwini uphantsi.

Umngcipheko wokufumana intsholongwane yomkhuhlane wentaka uphezulu ukuba:

• Usebenza neenkukhu (ezifana namafama).
• Uya kumazwe apho intsholongwane ikhona.
• Uchukumisa intaka enesifo.
• Ungena kwisakhiwo esineentaka ezigulayo okanye ezifileyo, ilindle okanye inkunkuma evela kwiintaka ezosulelekileyo.
• Utya inyama yenkukhu ekrwada okanye engaphekwanga, amaqanda, okanye igazi kwiintaka ezosulelekileyo.

Akukho mntu ufumene intsholongwane yomkhuhlane wentaka ekutyeni iinkukhu eziphekiweyo okanye iimveliso zenkukhu.

Abasebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo kunye nabantu abahlala kwindlu enye nabantu abanomkhuhlane wentaka nabo banokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wosulelo.

Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane weAvian inokuhlala kwindalo ixesha elide. Usulelo lunokusasazeka ngokuchukumisa imiphezulu enentsholongwane kuyo. Iintaka ezosulelwe ngumkhuhlane zinokukhupha intsholongwane kwilindle kunye nasematheni kangangeentsuku ezilishumi.

Iimpawu zosulelo lomkhuhlane we-avian ebantwini zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsholongwane.

Intsholongwane ye-avian influenza ebantwini ibangela iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ezinje:

• Khohlela
• Urhudo
• Ingxaki yokuphefumla
• Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-100.4 ° F (38 ° C)
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Imvakalelo yokugula ngokubanzi (malaise)
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Impumlo enemifinya
• Umqala obuhkungu

Ukuba ucinga ukuba usengozini yokufumana intsholongwane, tsalela umnikezeli wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba undwendwele iofisi yakho. Oku kuya kunika abasebenzi ithuba lokuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela kunye nabanye abantu xa utyelele iofisi yakho.

Kukho iimvavanyo zomkhuhlane weentaka, kodwa azifumaneki ngokubanzi. Uhlobo olunye lovavanyo lunokunika iziphumo malunga neeyure ezingama-4.

Umboneleli wakho unokwenza ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• Ukuphulaphula imiphunga (ukufumana izandi zomphefumlo ezingaqhelekanga)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Inkcubeko esuka empumlweni nasemqaleni
• Indlela okanye ubuchule bokufumana intsholongwane, ebizwa ngokuba yi-RT-PCR
• Inani leeseli ezimhlophe

Olunye uvavanyo lunokwenziwa ukujonga indlela esebenza ngayo intliziyo, izintso kunye nesibindi.

Unyango luyahluka, kwaye lusekwe kwiimpawu zakho.

Ngokubanzi, unyango ngamayeza e-antiviral oseltamivir (Tamiflu) okanye zanamivir (Relenza) anokwenza ukuba isifo singabi qatha. Ukuze iyeza lisebenze, kufuneka uqale ukulithatha kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-48 emva kokuqala kweempawu zakho.

I-Oseltamivir inokumiselwa nakubantu abahlala kwindlu enye abantu abanomkhuhlane weentaka. Oku kunokubathintela ekufumaneni isigulo.

Intsholongwane ebangela umkhuhlane we-avian womntu iyanyangeka kumayeza antiviral, amantadine kunye ne-rimantadine. La mayeza akufuneki asetyenziswe kwimeko yokuqhambuka kwe-H5N1.

Abantu abanesifo esosulelayo banokufuna ukubekwa kumatshini wokuphefumla. Abantu abosulelwe yile ntsholongwane kufuneka nabo bagcinwe bodwa kubantu abangenayo le ntsholongwane.

Ababoneleli bacebisa ukuba abantu bafumane umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane). Oku kunganciphisa ithuba lokuba intsholongwane yomkhuhlane we-avian idibane nentsholongwane yomkhuhlane womntu. Oku kunokudala intsholongwane entsha enokusasazeka ngokulula.

Imbonakalo ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsholongwane ye-avian flu kunye nokuba lubi kangakanani usulelo. Esi sifo sinokubulala.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Ukungaphumeleli kakuhle kokuphefumula
• Ukungaphumeleli komzimba
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• Sepsis

Tsalela umnikezeli wakho ukuba uvelisa iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane kwiintsuku ezili-10 zokuphatha iintaka ezosulelekileyo okanye ukuba kwindawo ene-avian flu.

Kukho isitofu esigunyazisiweyo sokukhusela abantu kwi-H5N1avian virus virus. Eli chiza linokusetyenziswa ukuba intsholongwane i-H5N1 iyaqala ukusasazeka phakathi kwabantu. Urhulumente wase-US ugcina isitokhwe sokugonya.

Ngeli xesha, amaziko aseMelika oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lweZifo (i-CDC) akacebisi ngokuchasene nokuhamba ukuya kumazwe achaphazeleka ngumkhuhlane weentaka.

ICDC yenza ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo.

Njengothintelo ngokubanzi:

• Kulumkele iintaka zasendle kwaye uzijonge kude.
• Kuphephe ukubamba iintaka ezigulayo kunye nomphezulu osenokugqunywa lilindle lawo.
• Sebenzisa iimpahla zokuzikhusela kunye neemaski ezikhethekileyo zokuphefumla ukuba usebenza neentaka okanye ukuba ungena kwizakhiwo ezineentaka ezigulayo okanye ezifileyo, ilindle okanye inkunkuma evela kwiintaka ezosulelekileyo.
• Ukuba ukhe wanxibelelana neentaka ezosulelekileyo, jonga iimpawu zosulelo. Ukuba wosulelekile, xelela umboneleli wakho.
• Kuphephe inyama engaphekwanga okanye engaphekwanga. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba sesichengeni somkhuhlane weentaka nezinye izifo ezibangelwa kukutya.

Ukuba uhamba kwamanye amazwe:

• Gwema ukutyelela kwiimarike zeentaka eziphilayo kunye neefama zeenkukhu.
• Gwema ukulungiselela okanye ukutya iimveliso zeenkukhu ezingaphekwanga.
• Jonga umboneleli wakho ukuba uyagula emva kokuba ubuyile kuhambo lwakho.

Ulwazi olukhoyo malunga nomkhuhlane weentaka luyafumaneka apha: www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/avian-in-humans.htm.

Umkhuhlane weentaka; H5N1; H5N2; H5N8; H7N9; Umkhuhlane weAvian A (HPAI) H5

• Umkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane - yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho - umntu omdala
• Umkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha-umntwana wakho

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Umkhuhlane weAvian Usulelo lwentsholongwane ebantwini. www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/avian-in-humans.htm. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Epreli 18, 2017. Ifikeleleke ngoJanuwari 3, 2020.

I-Dumler JS, iReller ME. Zoonoses. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 312.

Ison MG, uHayden FG. Umkhuhlane. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 340.

UTreanor JJ. Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane, kubandakanya umkhuhlane weentaka kunye nomkhuhlane wehagu. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 165.