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I-Dextrocardia yimeko apho intliziyo ibhekiswe ngasekunene kwesifuba. Ngokwesiqhelo, intliziyo yalatha ngasekhohlo. Le meko ikhoyo ekuzalweni (kokuzalwa).

Ngexesha leeveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa, intliziyo yomntwana ikhula. Ngamanye amaxesha, iyajika ukuze ikhombe kwicala lasekunene lesifuba endaweni yecala lasekhohlo. Izizathu zoku azicacanga.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-dextrocardia. Iindidi ezininzi zibandakanya ezinye iziphene zentliziyo kunye nesisu.

Kuhlobo olulula lwe-dextrocardia, intliziyo sisibuko somfanekiso wentliziyo eqhelekileyo kwaye azikho ezinye iingxaki. Le meko inqabile. Xa oku kusenzeka, amalungu esisu kunye nemiphunga ziya kuhlala zilungiselelwe kumfanekiso wesipili. Umzekelo, isibindi siya kuba kwicala lasekhohlo endaweni yasekunene.

Abanye abantu abanesipili-somfanekiso we-dextrocardia banengxaki ngeenwele ezintle (cilia) ezihluza umoya oya empumlweni nasezindleleni zomoya. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-Kartagener syndrome.

Kwiindidi eziqhelekileyo ze-dextrocardia, ezinye iziphene zentliziyo zikwakhona. Ezona ziqhelekileyo kwezi zibandakanya:

• Ukukhupha kabini i-ventricle yasekunene (i-aorta iqhagamshela kwi-ventricle elungileyo endaweni ye-ventricle yasekhohlo)
• Isiphene se-Endocardial cushion (iindonga ezahlula onke amagumbi amane entliziyo akakhekanga kakuhle okanye abekho)
• I-pulmonary stenosis (ukunciphisa i-valve ye-pulmonary valve) okanye i-atresia (i-valve yemiphunga ayifaki kakuhle)
• I-ventricle enye (endaweni yee-ventricles ezimbini, kukho i-ventricle enye)
• Ukutshintshwa kweenqanawa ezinkulu (i-aorta kunye ne-pulmonary artery itshintshiwe)
• Isiphene se-Ventricular septal (umngxuma eludongeni olwahlula i-ventricle yasekunene nasekhohlo entliziyweni)

Amalungu esisu kunye nesifuba kwiintsana ezine-dextrocardia zinokungaqhelekanga kwaye zinokungasebenzi ngokuchanekileyo. Isifo esibi kakhulu esivela kwi-dextrocardia ibizwa ngokuba yi-heterotaxy. Kule meko, amalungu amaninzi akakho kwiindawo zawo eziqhelekileyo kwaye anokungasebenzi kakuhle. Umzekelo, udakada usenokulahleka ngokupheleleyo. Udakada yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ngoko ke abantwana abazelwe bengenalo eli lungu basemngciphekweni wokosuleleka zizifo kunye nokufa. Ngenye indlela ye-heterotaxy, zikhona iipleen ezincinci, kodwa azinakusebenza ngokuchanekileyo.

I-Heterotaxy inokubandakanya:

• Inkqubo ye-gallbladder engaqhelekanga
• Iingxaki ngemiphunga
• Iingxaki ngesakhiwo okanye indawo yamathumbu
• Iziphene zentliziyo ezimandundu
• Ukungaqheleki kwemithambo yegazi

Izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko we-dextrocardia zibandakanya imbali yosapho.

Akukho zimpawu ze-dextrocardia ukuba intliziyo iqhelekile.

Imiqathango enokuthi ibandakanye i-dextrocardia inokubangela ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ulusu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Kunzima ukuphefumla
• Ukusilela ukukhula kunye nokutyeba
• Ukudinwa
• I-jaundice (ulusu olutyheli kunye namehlo)
• Ulusu oluthuthu (pallor)
• Isinus ephindaphindiweyo okanye usulelo lwemiphunga

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga neempawu.

Uvavanyo lokufumanisa i-dextrocardia lubandakanya:

• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-CT kwentliziyo
• Electrocardiogram
• I-MRI yentliziyo
• Echocardiogram

Isipili esipheleleyo somfanekiso we-dextrocardia ngaphandle kwesiphene sentliziyo asifuni nyango. Kubalulekile, nangona kunjalo, ukwazisa umboneleli wezempilo womntwana ukuba intliziyo ikwicala lasekunene lesifuba. Olu lwazi lunokubaluleka kwezinye iimviwo novavanyo.

Uhlobo lonyango olufunekayo luxhomekeke entliziyweni okanye kwiingxaki zomzimba zosana olunokuba nazo ukongeza kwi-dextrocardia.

Ukuba iziphene zentliziyo zikhona nge-dextrocardia, umntwana uya kufuna utyando. Iintsana ezigula kakhulu zisenokufuna ukuthatha amayeza phambi kokuba kwenziwe utyando. La mayeza anceda umntwana ukuba akhule ngakumbi ukuze kube lula ukwenza utyando.

Amayeza afaka:

• Iipilisi zamanzi (i-diuretics)
• Iziyobisi ezinceda impompo yemisipha yentliziyo ngamandla ngakumbi (iiarhente ze-inotropic)
• Iziyobisi ezinciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokunciphisa umthwalo wentliziyo (ACE inhibitors)

Usana lusenokufuna utyando ukulungisa iingxaki kumalungu esisu.

Abantwana abane-Kartagener syndrome baya kufuna unyango oluphindaphindiweyo kunye ne-antibiotics yesifo sesono.

Abantwana abanesipelo esilahlekileyo okanye esingaqhelekanga badinga i-antibiotics yexesha elide.

Bonke abantwana abaneziphene zentliziyo banokufuna ukuthatha ii-antibiotics ngaphambi kotyando okanye unyango lwamazinyo.

Iintsana ezine-dextrocardia elula zinokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo kwaye akufuneki zibenangxaki enxulumene nendawo yentliziyo.

Xa i-dextrocardia ivela nezinye iziphene entliziyweni nakwezinye iindawo emzimbeni, umntwana uqhuba kakuhle kangakanani kuxhomekeke kubunzima bezinye iingxaki.

Iintsana nabantwana ngaphandle kwepeni banokuba nosulelo rhoqo. Oku ubuncinci kunokuthintelwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

Iingxaki zixhomekeke ekubeni i-dextrocardia yinxalenye yesifo esikhulu, nokuba ezinye iingxaki zikhona emzimbeni. Iingxaki zibandakanya:

• Amathumbu avinjiweyo (ngenxa yemeko ebizwa ngokuba kukungalungeli amathumbu)
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Usulelo (heterotaxy ngaphandle kwepeni)
• Ukungachumi kwabesilisa (i-Kartagener syndrome)
• Iinyumoniya eziphindiweyo
• Ukuphindaphindeka kosulelo lwesono (isifo seKartagener)
• Ukufa

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba umntwana wakho:

• Kubonakala ngathi ufumana usulelo rhoqo
• Kubonakala ngathi ayityebi
• Amavili ngokulula

Funa unonophelo olungxamisekileyo ukuba umntwana wakho:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kulusu
• Ingxaki yokuphefumla
• Isikhumba esimthubi (i-jaundice)

Ezinye ii-syndromes ezibandakanya i-dextrocardia inokusebenza kwiintsapho. Ukuba unembali yosapho ye-heterotaxy, thetha nomboneleli wakho ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.

Akukho ndlela zaziwayo zokuthintela i-dextrocardia.Nangona kunjalo, ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni (ngakumbi icocaine) ngaphambi nangexesha lokukhulelwa kunokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wale ngxaki.

Thetha nomboneleli wakho ukuba unesifo seswekile. Le meko inokuba negalelo kumngcipheko wokuba nomntwana oneentlobo ezithile ze-dextrocardia.

Isiphene sentliziyo yeCyanotic - dextrocardia; Isiphene sentliziyo yento yokuzalwa - i-dextrocardia; Isiphene sokuzalwa -i-dextrocardia

• Ukufunyanwa kwemihla ngemihla

Ipaki ye-MK, iSalamat M. Chamber yendawo kunye nokuchaswa kwentliziyo. Ku: IPaki MK, iSalamat M, ii-eds. Ipaki ye-Pediatric Cardiology yaBasebenzi. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 17.

IWebb GD, i-Smallhorn JF, iTherrien J, iRedington AN. Isifo sentliziyo esibelekwe kumntu omkhulu nakwisigulana sabantwana. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ii-eds. Isifo sentliziyo seBraunwald: Incwadi yesifundo seMpilo yeNtliziyo. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 75.