I-Misdiagnosis: Iimeko ezilinganisa i-ADHD

Umxholo

• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye ne-ADHD
• Umahluko
• Iimvakalelo
• Ukuziphatha
• Ukusuka kwindawo esihlala kuyo
• Autism
• Amanqanaba eswekile esezantsi egazi
• Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokulungisa
• Iingxaki zokulala
• Iingxaki zokuva
• Abantwana ukuba abantwana

Ushwankathelo

Abantwana bafunyanwa ngokulula ukuba bane-ADHD ngenxa yeengxaki zokulala, iimpazamo ezingakhathaliyo, ukungxama okanye ukulibala. Khankanya i-ADHD njengeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo yokuziphatha kwabantwana abangaphantsi kwe-18.

Nangona kunjalo, iimeko ezininzi zonyango ebantwaneni zinokuzibonakalisa iimpawu ze-ADHD, ezenza ukuba kube lula ukuxilonga. Endaweni yokutsiba izigqibo, kubalulekile ukuba uqwalasele ezinye iinkcazo ukuqinisekisa unyango oluchanekileyo.

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye ne-ADHD

Olona hlobo lokufumanisa ukuba kunzima ukwenza phakathi kwe-ADHD kunye ne-bipolar mood disorder. Ezi meko zimbini zihlala kunzima ukwahlula kuba zabelana ngeempawu ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• ukungazinzi kwemood
• ukugqabhuka
• ukungazinzi
• ukuthetha
• ukungabi namonde

I-ADHD ibonakaliswa ikakhulu kukungakhathaleli, ukuphazamiseka, ukungxamiseka, okanye ukungazinzi komzimba. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo kubangela utshintsho olugqithisileyo kwiimvakalelo, amandla, ukucinga, kunye nokuziphatha, ukusuka kumanqanaba aphezulu ukuya kokubi kakhulu, uxinzelelo oluphantsi. Ngelixa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo ikakhulu sisifo sengqondo, i-ADHD ichaphazela ingqalelo kunye nokuziphatha.

Umahluko

Zininzi izinto ezahlukileyo phakathi kwe-ADHD kunye ne-bipolar disorder, kodwa zinobuqili kwaye zinokungabonakali. I-ADHD yimeko yobomi bonke, ngokubanzi iqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12, ngelixa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuhlala kukhula mva, emva kweminyaka eyi-18 (nangona ezinye iimeko zinokufunyanwa kwangoko).

I-ADHD ayinyamezeleki, ngelixa isifo se-bipolar sihlala sisifo se-episodic, kwaye sinokuhlala sifihliwe kangangexesha eliphakathi kweziqendu zemania okanye uxinzelelo. Abantwana abane-ADHD banokufumana ubunzima kukonyukelwa yimvakalelo, njengotshintsho ukusuka komnye umsebenzi uye kolandelayo, ngelixa abantwana abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo baphendula kwizenzo zoluleko kunye nokungqubana kwamanani egunya. Ukudakumba, ukuba nochuku, kunye nokulahleka kwememori kuqhelekile emva kwexesha elinempawu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ngelixa abantwana abane-ADHD bengafumani mpawu ezifanayo.

Iimvakalelo

Iimvakalelo zomntu onendlela ye-ADHD ngequbuliso kwaye anokuziphelisa ngokukhawuleza, rhoqo kwimizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30. Kodwa utshintsho lweemeko zebipolar luhlala ixesha elide. Isiqendu esikhulu sokudakumba kufuneka sigqibe iiveki ezimbini ukuhlangabezana neendlela zokuqonda isifo, ngelixa isiqendu somntu kufuneka sihlale okungenani iveki enye kunye neempawu ezikhoyo ngalo lonke usuku phantse yonke imihla (ixesha linokuba lincinci ukuba iimpawu ziba nzima kangangokuba ukulaliswa esibhedlele iyimfuneko). Iimpawu zehypomanic zifuna kuphela ukuhlala kwiintsuku ezine. Abantwana abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo njenge-bipolar babonakala bebonisa iimpawu ze-ADHD ngexesha lezigaba zabo zobuntu, njengokungazinzi, ingxaki yokulala, kunye noxinzelelo.

Ngexesha lesigaba sabo sokudakumba, iimpawu ezinje ngokungabikho kokugxila, ukungakhathali, kunye nokungakhathaleli kunokubonisa ezo ze-ADHD. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abane-bipolar disorder banokufumana ubunzima bokulala okanye banokulala kakhulu. Abantwana abane-ADHD bathambekele ekuvukeni ngokukhawuleza kwaye baphaphe ngokukhawuleza. Banokuba nengxaki yokulala, kodwa bahlala bekwazi ukulala ubusuku bonke ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Ukuziphatha

Ukuziphatha gwenxa kwabantwana abane-ADHD kunye nabantwana abane-bipolar disorder bahlala ngengozi. Ukungahoyi amanani abasemagunyeni, ukubalekela ezintweni, kunye nokwenza ubugwenxa kuhlala kusisiphumo sokungakhathali, kodwa kunokuba sisiphumo sesigigaba somntu.

Abantwana abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka engqondweni banokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okuyingozi. Banokubonisa ukucinga okukhulu, ngokuthatha iiprojekthi abangenakukwazi ukuzigqiba kwinqanaba labo nakwinqanaba lokukhula.

Ukusuka kwindawo esihlala kuyo

Ingcali yezempilo yengqondo kuphela enokuhlula ngokuchanekileyo phakathi kwe-ADHD kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo. Ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyaniswe ene-bipolar disorder, unyango oluphambili lubandakanya amayeza e-psycho-stimulant kunye ne-anti-depressant amayeza, unyango lomntu okanye lweqela, kunye nemfundo ehambelana nayo kunye nenkxaso. Amayeza anokufuna ukudityaniswa okanye atshintshwe rhoqo ukuze aqhubeke nokuvelisa iziphumo eziluncedo.

Autism

Abantwana abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ye-autism bahlala bebonakala bengahlali kwindawo abahlala kuyo kwaye banokuba nengxaki yokunxibelelana noluntu. Ngamanye amaxesha, indlela yokuziphatha kwabantwana be-autistic inokulinganisa uxinzelelo kunye nemicimbi yophuhliso lwentlalo eqhelekileyo kwizigulana ze-ADHD. Ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha zinokubandakanya ukungakhuli ngokweemvakalelo okunokuthi kubonwe kunye ne-ADHD. Izakhono zentlalo kunye nokukwazi ukufunda kunokuthintelwa kubantwana abaneemeko zombini, ezinokubangela imiba esikolweni nasekhaya.

Amanqanaba eswekile esezantsi egazi

Into emsulwa njengeswekile esezantsi yegazi (i-hypoglycemia) inokulinganisa iimpawu ze-ADHD. I-Hypoglycemia ebantwaneni inokubangela ubundlongondlongo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ukungakwazi ukuhlala uzolile, kunye nokungakwazi ukugxila.

Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokulungisa

Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokulungisa (SPD) kunokuvelisa iimpawu ezifanayo ne-ADHD. Ezi ngxaki ziphawulwa kukungazinzi okanye ukungakhathali kwi:

• ukuchukumisa
• intshukumo
• isikhundla somzimba
• isandi
• incasa
• ukubona
• ivumba

Abantwana abane-SPD banokuba novakalelo kwilaphu elithile, banokutshintsha ukusuka komnye umsebenzi baye kolandelayo, kwaye banokuba sengozini okanye babe nobunzima bokuthathela ingqalelo, ngakumbi ukuba baziva bexakekile.

Iingxaki zokulala

Abantwana abane-ADHD banokuba nobunzima bokuzola kunye nokulala. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantwana abanengxaki yokulala banokubonisa iimpawu ze-ADHD ngexesha lokuvuka ngaphandle kokuba babe nesifo.

Ukungabikho kokulala kubangela ubunzima bokugxila, ukunxibelelana, kunye nokulandela umkhombandlela, kwaye kudale ukwehla kwimemori yexesha elifutshane.

Iingxaki zokuva

Kunokuba nzima ukufumanisa iingxaki zokuva kubantwana abancinci abangakwaziyo ukuzithetha ngokupheleleyo. Abantwana abanengxaki yokuva kunzima ukuhoya ngenxa yokungakwazi kwabo ukuva kakuhle.

Iinkcukacha ezilahlekileyo zeencoko zinokubonakala ngathi zibangelwa kukusilela kwengqwalaselo komntwana, ngelixa enyanisweni bengenakulandelela. Abantwana abanengxaki yokuva banokuba nobunzima kwiimeko zentlalo kwaye banendlela yokuphucula unxibelelwano.

Abantwana ukuba abantwana

Abanye abantwana abafunyaniswa bene-ADHD abahlupheki nakweyiphi na imeko yonyango, kodwa baqhelekile, kulula ukuba krakra, okanye badikwe. Ngokophando olupapashwe kwi, iminyaka yobudala yomntwana enxulumene noontanga babo ibonakalisiwe ukuba nefuthe kumbono katitshala wokuba unayo i-ADHD.

Abantwana abancinci kumanqanaba abo ebakala banokufumana isifo esingalunganga kuba ootitshala benza impazamo yokungakhuli kakuhle kwi-ADHD. Abantwana abathi, enyanisweni, babe namanqanaba aphezulu obukrelekrele kunabo bafunda nabo banokuchaphazeleka ngenxa yokuba bekruquka kwiiklasi abaziva zilula kakhulu.