I-Epidural anesthesia: yintoni, xa ibonakalisiwe kunye nemingcipheko enokwenzeka

Umxholo

• Xa kubonisiwe
• Kwenziwa njani
• Imingcipheko enokwenzeka
• Unonophelo emva kwe-anesthesia
• Umahluko phakathi kwe-epidural kunye nomqolo

I-Epidural anesthesia, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-epidural anesthesia, luhlobo lwe-anesthesia ethintela iintlungu zommandla omnye kuphela womzimba, zihlala zivela esinqeni ezantsi ezibandakanya isisu, umva kunye nemilenze, kodwa umntu usenokuziva ethintela kunye noxinzelelo. Olu hlobo lwe-anesthesia lwenziwa ukuze umntu akwazi ukuhlala ephaphile ngexesha lotyando, kuba aluchaphazeli inqanaba lokuqonda, kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa ngexesha leenkqubo ezilula zoqhaqho, ezinje ngecandelo lokuhlinzwa okanye kugqirha okanye kugqirha wobuhle.

Ukwenza i-epidural, iyeza le-anesthetic lisetyenziselwa kwindawo ye-vertebral ukufikelela kwimithambo yommandla, inesenzo sethutyana, esilawulwa ngugqirha. Yenziwa nakwesiphi na isibhedlele esineziko lotyando, ngugqirha obulala iintlungu.

Xa kubonisiwe

I-Epidural anesthesia ingasetyenziselwa iinkqubo zotyando ezinje:

• OoKesareya;
• Ukulungiswa kweHernia;
• Utyando ngokubanzi kwibele, isisu okanye isibindi;
• Utyando lwe-Orthopedic kwi-hip, idolo okanye i-pelvic fractures;
• Utyando lwe-Gynecological efana ne-hysterectomy okanye utyando oluncinci kumgangatho we-pelvic;
• Utyando lomchamo njengokususwa kweprotrate okanye amatye ezintso;
• Utyando lwe-Vascular njengokunqunyulwa okanye ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo yegazi emilenzeni;
• Utyando lwabantwana olufana ne-inguinal hernia okanye utyando lwamathambo.

Ukongeza, i-epidural inokwenziwa ngexesha lokuzalwa kwesiqhelo kwimeko apho umfazi eneeyure ezininzi zomsebenzi okanye esentlungwini enkulu, esebenzisa i-analgesic epidural ukunciphisa iintlungu. Jonga indlela i-epidural anesthesia eyenziwa ngayo ngexesha lokubeleka.

I-Epidural anesthesia ithathwa njengekhuselekileyo kwaye inxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko osezantsi we-tachycardia, thrombosis kunye ne-pulmonary problems, nangona kunjalo akufuneki ukuba isetyenziswe kubantu abanezifo ezisebenzayo okanye apho kufakwa khona i-anesthesia, nakubantu abaneenguqu kumqolo, ukopha ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo okanye abo basebenzisa amayeza anticoagulant. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwale anesthesia ayikhuthazwa nakwimeko apho ugqirha engakwazi ukufumana indawo yesifo.

Kwenziwa njani

I-Epidural anesthesia ihlala isetyenziswa kuqhaqho oluncinci, luqheleke kakhulu ngexesha lokuhlinzwa okanye ngexesha lokuhanjiswa kwesiqhelo, njengoko kuthintela iintlungu ngexesha lokusebenza kwaye kungalimazi umntwana.

Ngexesha le-anesthesia, isigulana sihleli sihleli kwaye sincike phambili okanye silele ngecala, siguqe ngamadolo kwaye siphumle ngokuchasene nesilevu. Emva koko, i-anesthetist ivula izithuba phakathi kwe-vertebrae yomgogodla ngesandla, isebenzisa i-anesthetic yendawo ukunciphisa ukungahambi kakuhle kwaye ifake inaliti kunye netyhubhu yeplastiki, ebizwa ngokuba yi-catheter, edlula phakathi kwenaliti.

Nge-catheter efakiweyo, ugqirha utofa iyeza lokubulala iintlungu ngombhobho kwaye, nangona ungonzakalisi, kunokwenzeka ukuba uve isinqe esincinci nesincinci xa kubekwe inaliti, kulandele uxinzelelo kunye nemvakalelo yokufudumala xa iyeza isetyenzisiwe. Ngokubanzi, ifuthe le-epidural anesthesia iqala kwimizuzu eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20 emva kokufakwa kwesicelo.

Kolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia, ugqirha unokulawula inani le-anesthetic kunye nexesha, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa i-epidural kunye nomgogodla ukuze ufumane isiphumo esikhawulezayo okanye wenze i-anesthesia ye-epidural kunye ne-sedation ekuyo. ukukhuthaza ukulala kufakwa emthanjeni.

Imingcipheko enokwenzeka

Imingcipheko ye-epidural anesthesia inqabile, nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho ukwehla koxinzelelo lwegazi, ukugodola, ukungcangcazela, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, umkhuhlane, usulelo, ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo kufutshane nesiza okanye ukuphuma kwegazi.

Ukongeza, kuqhelekile ukuba ube nentloko emva kwe-anesthesia ye-epidural, enokuthi yenzeke ngenxa yokuchitheka kwe-cerebrospinal fluid, engamanzi ejikeleze intambo yomqolo, ebangelwa kukuhlanjwa okwenziwe ngenaliti.

Unonophelo emva kwe-anesthesia

Xa i-epidural iphazanyiswa, kuhlala kukho ubundindisholo obuhlala iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba i-anesthesia iqale ukunyamalala, ke kubalulekile ukuba uxoke okanye uhlale de imvakalelo emilenzeni ibuyele esiqhelweni.

Ukuba uva iintlungu, kufuneka unxibelelane nogqirha kunye nomongikazi ukuze unyangwe ngeentlungu zentlungu.

Emva kwesifo, akufuneki uqhube okanye usele utywala, ubuncinci ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 emva kokubulawa komzimba. Fumanisa ukuba zeziphi iindlela zokukhusela ekufuneka uzifumene ngokukhawuleza emva kotyando.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-epidural kunye nomqolo

I-Epidural anesthesia yahlukile kwi-anesthesia yomqolo, kuba isetyenziswa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo:

• Epidural: inaliti ayigqobhozi zonke iirinji, eziyimbumba ejikeleze intambo yomqolo, kwaye iyeza lokubulala iintlungu libekwe zijikeleze umjelo womqolo, ngobuninzi obukhulu nange-catheter esemqolo, kwaye isebenza kuphela ekupheliseni iintlungu kunye nokushiya ummandla ondindayo, nangona kunjalo, umntu usenokuziva ethintela kunye noxinzelelo;
• Umqolo: inaliti igqobhoza onke amayeza okunyanga kwaye i-anesthetic ifakwe ngaphakathi kwikholamu yomqolo, kulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal, olulwelo olujikeleze umqolo, kwaye lwenziwa kwangoko nangobuninzi obuncinci, kwaye lwenza ukuba lo mmandla ube ndindisholo kwaye ukhubazeke.

I-epidural ihlala isetyenziselwa ukubeleka, kuba ivumela amanani amaninzi ukuba asetyenziswe yonke imini, ngelixa umgogodla usetyenziselwa ukwenza utyando, kusetyenziswa idosi enye kuphela yamayeza e-anesthetic.

Xa kufuneka i-anesthesia enzulu, kuboniswa i-anesthesia ngokubanzi. Fumanisa ukuba isebenza njani ianesthesia ngokubanzi kunye nomngcipheko wayo.