Ukutshintshwa kwe-Hip yangaphambili: Into ekufuneka uyazi

Umxholo

• Yintoni indawo yangaphakathi yomlenze?
• Kutheni le nto ufuna ukutshintshwa kwesinqe?
• Kwenziwa njani ukubuyisela umva endaweni yangaphambili?
• Ukulungiselela
• Ugqirha
• Ukuchacha
• Zithini izibonelelo zokutshintsha i-hip yangaphambili?
• Ziziphi iingozi?
• Yiyiphi imbonakalo yabantu abanokutshintshwa kwe-hip yangaphambili?

Yintoni indawo yangaphakathi yomlenze?

Ukutshintshwa kwe-hip yangaphambili yinkqubo yokuhlinzwa apho amathambo awonakele kwi-joint yakho ye-hip ithathelwa indawo ye-hip yokufakelwa (i-hip arthroplasty). Amanye amagama enkqubo ayonakalisi kancinci okanye umsipha okhusela i-hip arthroplasty.

Ngokutsho kwe, ngaphezulu kwe-320,000 yokutshintshwa kwe-hip kwenziwa e-United States ngo-2010.

Ngokwesiko, ogqirha benza uqhaqho olwenziwe ngokunyanzelwa ngokwenza i-incision ngasemva (indlela yangasemva) okanye kwicala (lendlela esecaleni) yomlenze wakho. Ukususela malunga no-1980, kuye kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo kubagqirha ukuba benze ukusikwa phambi kwenyonga yakho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yindlela yangaphakathi okanye ukubuyiselwa kwenyonga kwangaphambili.

Indlela yangaphakathi iye yathandwa ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba ingenakuncipha kunokuba neendlela zangasemva nezisecaleni. Ukungena esinqeni sakho ngaphambili kubangela umonakalo omncinci kwimisipha ejikeleze kunye neetoni, ezikhokelela ekubuyiseleni ngokukhawuleza.

Kananjalo inokusoloko isenziwa njengenye yezigulana ezingalaliswayo, ukuze ugoduke kwangolo suku lunye lotyando.

Kutheni le nto ufuna ukutshintshwa kwesinqe?

Injongo yoqhaqho lokutshintshwa kwe-hip kukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nohlu lokunyakaza kunye nokunciphisa iintlungu kwi-hip eyonakalisiweyo.

Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo bamalungu e-hip awonakeleyo anokukhokelela kutshintsho lwe-hip zezi:

• i-osteoarthritis (ukuguga nokunxiba okunxulumene nobudala)
• irheumatoid Arthritis
• ukwaphuka
• usulelo (osteomyelitis)
• ithumba
• ukulahleka kokunikezelwa kwegazi (i-avascular necrosis)
• ukukhula okungaqhelekanga (dysplasia)

Indlela yangaphakathi ihlala isetyenziswa xa isifo samathambo sisizathu sokutshintshwa kwesinqe. Kodwa ikwasetyenziselwa ukubuyisela esinqeni ngalo naluphi na uhlobo lomonakalo. Ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa inyonga ebikade itshintshiwe.

Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha banokugqiba ekubeni basebenzise indlela eyahlukileyo yotyando kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga apho ukuma kwamathambo esinqe kwenza kube nzima kakhulu, okanye ezinye iimeko zempilo zonyusa umngcipheko weengxaki.

Kwenziwa njani ukubuyisela umva endaweni yangaphambili?

Njengayo nayiphi na inkqubo, kuya kufuneka uyilungiselele ngaphambi kwexesha kwaye uyazi ukuba ulindele ntoni ngexesha nasemva kotyando ngelixa uchacha.

Ukulungiselela

Kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha wakho abe nolwazi oluchanekileyo nolukhoyo malunga nawe kunye nempilo yakho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze uncede uqinisekise isiphumo esihle.

Izinto ugqirha wakho afuna ukuzazi malunga nawe ngaphambi kotyando zibandakanya:

• utyando lwangaphambili kunye neanesthesia obukhe unayo
• ukwaliwa ngamayeza, ukutya, kunye nezinye izinto ezinje ngeiglavu zelatex
• onke amayeza kunye nezongezelelo ozithathayo, zombini amayeza kunye nekhawuntara
• iingxaki zangoku nezedlulileyo zonyango
• iimpawu zosulelo lwakutsha nje okanye enye ingxaki
• iingxaki naziphi na izalamane ezisondeleyo ziye zaba ne-anesthesia
• ukuba ukhulelwe okanye unokukhulelwa (kubafazi abaneminyaka yobudala bokuzala)

Uya kufumana imiyalelo ngaphambi kotyando, njenge:

• Gwema ukutya okanye ukusela iiyure eziyi-8 ukuya kwezi-12 ngaphambi kotyando.
• Gwema amayeza athile, ukuba akhona.
• Yiba nomntu okuqhubela ekhaya kwaye uhlale nawe emva kotyando olungaphaya.

Ugqirha

Uya kufumana i-anesthesia ekuqaleni kwenkqubo. Oku kuyakumisa ekubeni uve naziphi na iintlungu ngexesha lotyando.

Ukuba unenkqubo yokugula ngaphandle, uya kuba ne-anesthesia yengingqi. Iyeza elinciphisa umzimba wakho osezantsi liya kufakwa kwisithuba esijikeleze intambo yakho yomqolo. Uyakufumana isidanga sokwenza ukuba ulale.

Olunye ukhetho yi-anesthesia ngokubanzi, eya kwenza ukuba ungabikho zingqondweni ukuze ungaziva nantoni na ngexesha lotyando.

Emva kokuba i-anesthesia iqale ukusebenza, ugqirha wotyando:

• Ucoceka kwaye ucoce indawo ejikeleze umphambili wesinqe sakho
• igubungela le ndawo ngemixube eyinyumba
• yenza ukusikwa phambi kwendibano yakho ye-hip
• ihambisa umsipha kunye nezinye izihlunu ngaphandle kwendlela kude kubonakale amathambo ejoyinti lakho
• isusa indawo ephezulu yethambo lamathanga akho ("ibhola" yelungu lakho lomlenze) kunye nalo naliphi na ithambo elonakeleyo kunye nentlala kwithambo lakho le-pelvic ("isokethi" kwethambo lakho lomlenze)
• Uncamathisela ibhola engeyiyo ethangeni lakho kunye nesokethi kwithambo lakho lethambo
• iqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ibekwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze imilenze yakho ilingane ubude
• ivala ukusikwa

Uya kuthi emva koko ususwe uye kwigumbi lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, apho i-anesthesia iya kunxiba kwiyure okanye ezimbini.

Ukuchacha

Nje ukuba uzinze, umntu othile angakusa ekhayeni ukuba uqhaqho lwezigulana ezingalaliswayo. Ngaphandle koko uya kusiwa kwigumbi lakho lasesibhedlele.

Kuya kufuneka ubeke ubunzima kwi-hip yakho entsha emva kotyando kwaye ube nakho ukuhamba usebenzisa i-walker okanye iintonga ngemini elandelayo.

Uya kudinga unyango lomzimba ukuze uphinde ufumane amandla kunye nokuhamba, kunye nonyango lomsebenzi ukuze usebenze kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla enjengokunxiba nokuhlamba. Abanye abantu bafumana unyango lwangaphandle, abanye bafumana unyango lwasekhaya ekhaya, kwaye abanye baya kwikhaya labalupheleyo okanye kwindawo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Ngokwesiqhelo kuthatha iiveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu ngaphambi kokuba ufumane amandla kunye noluhlu lwentshukumo yokujikeleza kwaye wenze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla njengaphambi kotyando.

Uninzi lwabantu lunokubuyela emsebenzini emva kwenyanga, kodwa kungathatha ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba ubuyele emsebenzini ofuna ukuma kakhulu, ukuhamba, okanye ukuphakamisa okunzima.

Zithini izibonelelo zokutshintsha i-hip yangaphambili?

Izibonelelo zokutshintshwa kwe-hip ngokubanzi kukunyuka kokuhamba kunye nokwehla kwentlungu.

Ngokungafaniyo neendlela zangasemva nezangasemva, izihlunu kunye neethenda akufuneki zinqunyulwe xa kusetyenziswe indlela yangaphandle yokutshintshwa kwe-hip. Oku kunezibonelelo ezininzi.

• iintlungu ezingaphantsi
• ukubuyisela ngokukhawuleza kwaye kube lula
• ukukhutshwa kwangaphambili esibhedlele
• ukusebenza ngakumbi xa ukhutshelwe ekhaya
• Ngokwesiqhelo inokwenziwa njengesigulana esingaphandle
• Izithintelo ezimbalwa kwimisebenzi emva kotyando
• umngcipheko omncinci wokuqhekeka kwe-hip emva kotyando
• umngcipheko ophantsi wobude bemilenze eyahlukeneyo emva kotyando

Ziziphi iingozi?

Imingcipheko yokutshintshwa kwe-hip yangaphambili ifana nezinye iindlela zokutshintshwa kwe-hip.

• iingxaki ze-anesthesia ngokubanzi, ezinjenge-postoperative delirium kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwengqondo emva kokusebenza
• ukopha kakhulu ngexesha lotyando okanye xa usikwe
• ihlwili legazi emlenzeni wakho (i-vein thrombosis enzulu) enokuhamba iye emiphungeni (embolism ye-pulmonary embolism)
• usulelo ngokudibeneyo kwe-hip (septic arthritis)
• usulelo lwethambo lwethambo (osteomyelitis)
• ukwenzakala kwezihlunu ezikufutshane kunye nemithambo
• ukususwa kwendibaniselwano yelungu lakho
• ubude bemilenze eyahlukeneyo
• indibaniselwano evulekileyo

Yiyiphi imbonakalo yabantu abanokutshintshwa kwe-hip yangaphambili?

Kwixesha elifutshane, ukutshintshwa kwangaphambi kwempuphu kubuhlungu kancinci kwaye kukhokelela ekubuyiseni ngokukhawuleza kokuhamba kunye namandla xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yangasemva okanye esecaleni. Iziphumo zexesha elide zilunge kakhulu kwaye ziyafana nezinye iindlela.

Ngamaxesha athile, inyonga eyenziweyo iyakhululeka okanye iyaphela emva kweminyaka eliqela kwaye kufuneka itshintshwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukutshintshwa kwendawo yangaphakathi yinkqubo ekhuselekileyo nefanelekileyo. Kungenzeka ukuba umlenze wakho omtsha uza kusebenza kakuhle kwaye uphucule umgangatho wobomi bakho iminyaka emininzi.