IBronchiectasis

Umxholo

• Yintoni i-bronchiectasis?
• Yintoni unobangela we-bronchiectasis?
• Ziintoni iimpawu ze-bronchiectasis?
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-bronchiectasis?
• Unyango ukhetho lwe-bronchiectasis
• Ngaba i-bronchiectasis inokuthintelwa?

Yintoni i-bronchiectasis?

I-Bronchiectasis yimeko apho iityhubhu ze-bronchial zemiphunga yakho zonakaliswe ngokusisigxina, zandiswa kwaye zaqina.

Ezi ndawo zomoya zonakeleyo zivumela iibhaktheriya kunye ne-mucus ukuba yakhe kwaye idibanise kwimiphunga yakho. Oku kubangela ukosuleleka rhoqo kunye nokuvaleka kweendlela zomoya.

Akukho lunyango lwe-bronchiectasis, kodwa luyalawuleka. Ngonyango, unokuhlala ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, i-flare-ups kufuneka inyangwe ngokukhawuleza ukugcina ukuhamba kweoksijini kuwo wonke umzimba wakho kunye nokuthintela ukonakala okungaphezulu kwemiphunga.

Yintoni unobangela we-bronchiectasis?

Nakuphi na ukonzakala kwemiphunga kunokubangela i-bronchiectasis. Zimbini iindidi eziphambili zale meko.

Enye inxulumene nokuba ne-cystic fibrosis (CF) kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi-CF bronchiectasis. I-CF yimeko yemfuza ebangela ukuveliswa okungaqhelekanga kwencindi.

Olunye udidi yi-non-CF bronchiectasis, engahambelani neCF. Ezona meko zixhaphakileyo ezingakhokelela kwi-non-CF bronchiectasis zibandakanya:

• amajoni omzimba asebenza ngokungaqhelekanga
• isifo sokudumba
• izifo ezizimeleyo
• isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)
• i-alpha 1-antitrypsin defence (isizathu sokufumana ilifa leCOPD)
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo
• i-aspergillosis (i-allergen reaction ye-lungus)
• usulelo lwemiphunga, njengokukhohlela kunye nesifo sephepha

I-CF ichaphazela imiphunga kunye namanye amalungu afana nepancreas kunye nesibindi. Emiphungeni, oku kukhokelela kusulelo oluphindaphindiweyo. Kwamanye amalungu, kubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle.

Ziintoni iimpawu ze-bronchiectasis?

Iimpawu ze-bronchiectasis zingathatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka ukukhula. Ezinye zeempawu zibandakanya:

• ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo kwemihla ngemihla
• ukhohlela igazi
• izandi ezingaqhelekanga okanye ukubetha esifubeni ngokuphefumla
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukukhohlela izixa ezikhulu zencindi eshinyeneyo yonke imihla
• ukuhla ukusinda
• ukudinwa
• utshintsho kulwakhiwo lweenzipho kunye neenzwane, ezaziwa ngokuba yiklabhu
• usulelo oluphefumlayo rhoqo

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho kwangoko ukuze ufumane isifo kunye nonyango.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-bronchiectasis?

Isifuba esine-tomography scan, okanye isifuba se-CT scan, lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo lokuchonga i-bronchiectasis, kuba i-X-ray yesifuba ayiniki zinkcukacha zaneleyo.

Olu vavanyo lubuhlungu ludala imifanekiso echanekileyo yendlela yakho yomoya kunye nezinye izakhiwo esifubeni sakho. Iskena se-CT esifubeni sinokubonisa ubungakanani kunye nendawo yomonakalo wemiphunga.

Emva kokuba i-bronchiectasis iqinisekisiwe ngesifuba se-CT scan, ugqirha wakho uya kuzama ukumisela unobangela we-bronchiectasis esekwe kwimbali yakho nakwiziphumo zovavanyo lomzimba.

Kubalulekile ukufumanisa oyena nobangela ukuze ugqirha anyange isifo esisisiseko ukuthintela i-bronchiectasis ekubeni mandundu. Zininzi izinto ezinokubangela okanye zibe negalelo kwi-bronchiectasis.

Ukuvavanywa kwesizathu esisisiseko ikakhulu kubandakanya ukuvavanywa kwelabhoratri kunye ne-microbiologic kunye nokuvavanywa kokusebenza kwemiphunga.

Uvavanyo lwakho lokuqala luya kubandakanya:

• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi ngokwahluka
• amanqanaba e-immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, kunye ne-IgA)
• inkcubeko yesikhohlela ukukhangela intsholongwane, mycobacteria, kunye nefungi

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela i-CF, baya kuyala uvavanyo lwe-chloride ye-sweat okanye uvavanyo lwemfuzo.

Unyango ukhetho lwe-bronchiectasis

Unyango oluthile lunokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwe-bronchiectasis enxulumene nezi meko zilandelayo:

• usulelo lwe-mycobacterial
• ukungasebenzi komzimba
• icystic fibrosis
• Umnqweno ophindaphindiweyo
• aspergillosis komzimba
• kunokwenzeka izifo ezizimelayo

Akukho lunyango lwe-bronchiectasis ngokubanzi, kodwa unyango lubalulekile ukukunceda ulawule imeko. Eyona njongo iphambili yonyango kukugcina usulelo kunye nencindi ye-bronchial iphantsi kolawulo.

Kukwabalulekile ukuthintela ukuqhubeka kokuphazamiseka kwomoya kunye nokunciphisa ukonakala kwemiphunga. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokunyanga i-bronchiectasis zibandakanya:

• Ukucoca iindlela zomoya ngokuphefumla kunye nesifuba somzimba
• Ukujongana nokubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo yemiphunga
• ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukukhusela nokunyanga usulelo (uphononongo lwenziwa ngoku kwimixube emitsha yokuthintela ukunganyangeki)
• ukuthatha i-bronchodilators efana ne-albuterol (Proventil) kunye ne-tiotropium (Spiriva) ukuvula i-airways
• ukuthatha amayeza kwi-mucus encinci
• ukuthatha ii-expectorants ekuncediseni ukukhwehlela i-mucus
• unyango lweoksijini
• ukufumana ugonyo ukukhusela izifo eziphefumla

Unokulufuna uncedo lwesifuba somzimba. Enye ifom yesinxibo se-oscillation eseludongeni oluphezulu kunceda ukucoca imiphunga yakho yencindi. Ivesti iyacinezela kwaye ikhuphe isifuba sakho, yenza umphumo ofanayo nokukhohlela. Oku kukhupha i-mucus kwiindonga zemibhobho ye-bronchial.

Ukuba kukho ukopha emphungeni, okanye ukuba i-bronchiectasis ikwelinye kuphela icandelo lemiphunga yakho, unokufuna utyando ukuze ususe indawo echaphazelekayo.

Elinye icandelo lonyango lwemihla ngemihla lubandakanya ukufunxwa kwencindi yemithambo, encediswa ngumxhuzulane. Unyango lokuphefumla unokukufundisa iindlela zokunceda ekukhohliseni i-mucus egqithisileyo.

Ukuba iimeko ezinje ngengxaki yomzimba yokuzikhusela okanye i-COPD ibangela i-bronchiectasis yakho, ugqirha wakho uya kuyiphatha loo meko.

Ngaba i-bronchiectasis inokuthintelwa?

Oyena nobangela we-bronchiectasis awaziwa malunga neemeko ze-non-CF bronchiectasis.

Kwabanye, inxulumene nokungaqhelekanga kwemfuza kunye nezinye iimeko zonyango ezichaphazela imiphunga. Ukuphepha ukutshaya, umoya ongcolileyo, ukupheka umsi, kunye neekhemikhali kunokunceda ukukhusela imiphunga yakho kunye nokugcina impilo yemiphunga.

Wena nabantwana bakho kufuneka nigonyelwe umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, kunye nemasisi, njengoko ezi meko zinxulunyaniswa nale meko ebudaleni.

Kodwa rhoqo xa oyena nobangela engaziwa, uthintelo lucelomngeni. Ukuqaphela kwangoko i-bronchiectasis kubalulekile ukuze ufumane unyango ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo omkhulu wemiphunga.