Ithini iCannon-Bard ithiyori yeemvakalelo?

Umxholo

• Imizekelo yeCannon-Bard
• Udliwanondlebe lomsebenzi
• Ukufudukela kwikhaya elitsha
• Uqhawulo mtshato lwabazali
• Ezinye iingcinga zemvakalelo
• UJames-Lange
• Schachter-Umculi
• Ukugxekwa kwethiyori
• Ukuthatha

Yintoni lento?

Ithiyori yeCannon-Bard yeemvakalelo ithi iziganeko ezikhuthazayo zibangela iimvakalelo kunye nokuphendula komzimba okwenzeka ngaxeshanye.

Umzekelo, ukubona inyoka kunokubangela zombini uloyiko (impendulo ngokweemvakalelo) kunye nentliziyo ebalekayo (impendulo yomzimba). UCannon-Bard ucebisa ukuba zombini ezi mpendulo zenzeka ngaxeshanye nangokuzimeleyo. Ngamanye amagama, impendulo yomzimba ayixhomekekanga kwimpendulo yeemvakalelo, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo.

ICannon-Bard iphakamisa ukuba zombini ezi mpendulo zivela ngaxeshanye kwi-thalamus. Olu lolwakhiwo oluncinci lobuchopho olunoxanduva lokufumana ulwazi lweemvakalelo. Idlulisela kwindawo efanelekileyo yengqondo ukuze isebenze.

Xa isiganeko esivuselelayo senzeka, i-thalamus inokuthumela imiqondiso kwi-amygdala. I-amygdala inoxanduva lokuqhubekeka neemvakalelo ezinamandla, ezinje ngokoyika, ukonwaba, okanye umsindo. Inokuthumela imiyalezo kwi-cortex yecerebral, elawula ukucinga. Iimpawu ezithunyelwe zisuka kwi-thalamus ukuya kwinkqubo ye-autonomic ne-system kunye nezihlunu zamathambo kulawula ukusabela komzimba. Oku kubandakanya ukubila, ukushukuma, okanye izihlunu ezixineneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ithiyori yeCannon-Bard ibizwa ngokuba yithiyori yeemvakalelo.

Ithiyori yaphuhliswa ngo-1927 nguWalter B. Cannon kunye nomfundi ophumeleleyo, uPhilip Bard. Yayisungulwa njengenye indlela ye-James-Lange ithiyori yeemvakalelo. Le ithiyori ithi iimvakalelo ziziphumo zokuphendula komzimba kwisiganeko esikhuthazayo.

Funda ukuze ufumane okungakumbi malunga nendlela ithiyori yeCannon-Bard esebenza ngayo kwiimeko zemihla ngemihla.

Imizekelo yeCannon-Bard

ICannon-Bard inokusetyenziswa kuwo nawuphi na umsitho okanye amava abangela ukuphendula ngokweemvakalelo. Imvakalelo inokuba yinto elungileyo okanye embi. Imeko ezichazwe apha ngezantsi zibonisa indlela le ithiyori esetyenziswa ngayo kwiimeko zobomi bokwenyani. Kuzo zonke ezi meko, ithiyori yeCannon-Bard ithi ukushukuma ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo kwenzeka ngaxeshanye, kunokuba ibangele enye ibekho.

Udliwanondlebe lomsebenzi

Abantu abaninzi bafumana uxinzelelo lodliwanondlebe lomsebenzi. Khawufane ucinge ukuba uza kuba nodliwanondlebe ngomso kusasa ukuze ufumane isikhundla osifunayo. Ukucinga ngodliwanondlebe kungakushiya unovalo okanye ukhathazekile. Unokuziva uziva ngokomzimba njengokungcangcazela, izihlunu ezixineneyo, okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, ngakumbi xa kusondela udliwanondlebe.

Ukufudukela kwikhaya elitsha

Kubantu abaninzi, ukufudukela kwikhaya elitsha kubangela ulonwabo kunye nemincili. Khawufane ucinge nje ukuba ungene kwikhaya elitsha kunye neqabane lakho okanye iqabane lakho. Ikhaya lakho elitsha likhulu kunendlu obuhlala kuyo ngaphambili. Inendawo eyoneleyo yabantwana onethemba lokuba nabo kunye. Njengoko ukhupha iibhokisi, uziva wonwabile. Iinyembezi zilungile emehlweni akho. Isifuba sakho siqinile, kwaye phantse kunzima ukuphefumla.

Uqhawulo mtshato lwabazali

Abantwana banamava emizimba kunye neemvakalelo ekuphenduleni kwimicimbi ebalulekileyo. Umzekelo ukwahlukana okanye uqhawulo-mtshato lwabazali babo. Khawufane ucinge ukuba uneminyaka esi-8 ubudala. Abazali bakho bakuxelele nje ukuba bayahlukana kwaye mhlawumbi baya kufumana umtshato. Uziva ulusizi kwaye unomsindo. Isisu sakho sikhathazekile. Ucinga ukuba ungagula.

Ezinye iingcinga zemvakalelo

UJames-Lange

ICannon-Bard yaphuhliswa ngokuphendula ithiyori kaJames-Lange. Kwaziswa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 kwaye yahlala ithandwa ukusukela ngoko.

Ithiyori kaJames-Lange ithi iziganeko ezikhuthazayo zibangela ukushukuma komzimba. Ukuphendula ngokwasemzimbeni emva koko kubhalwe ngemvakalelo engqinelanayo. Umzekelo, ukuba ubaleka uyinyoka, izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo yakho liyonyuka. Ithiyori kaJames-Lange iphakamisa ukuba ukonyuka kwentliziyo yento eyenza ukuba siqonde ukuba siyoyika.

UCannon noBard bazise ukugxeka okubalulekileyo kwethiyori kaJames-Lange. Okokuqala, iimvakalelo zomzimba kunye neemvakalelo azisoloko zixhumene. Sinako ukuva iimvakalelo zomzimba ngaphandle kokuziva imvakalelo ethile, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo.

Ewe, bafumanise ukuba umthambo kunye neenaliti zehormoni zoxinzelelo eziqhelekileyo, ezinje ngeadrenaline, zibangela iimvakalelo zomzimba ezingadibananga nemvakalelo ethile.

Olunye ukugxekwa kwethiyori ye-James-Lange kukuba ukusabela ngokwasemzimbeni akunayo imvakalelo enye ehambelanayo. Umzekelo, ukubetha kwentliziyo kunokubonisa uloyiko, ukonwaba, okanye umsindo. Iimvakalelo zahlukile, kodwa impendulo yomzimba iyafana.

Schachter-Umculi

Ithiyori yakutshanje yeemvakalelo ibandakanya izinto zombini zeethiyori zikaJames-Lange kunye neCannon-Bard.

Ithiyori yeSchachter-Singer yeemvakalelo iphakamisa ukuba ukusabela komzimba kwenzeka kuqala, kodwa kunokufana neemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yithiyori yezinto ezimbini. NjengoJames-Lange, le ithiyori iphakamisa ukuba imvakalelo yomzimba kufuneka ibe namava ngaphambi kokuba ichongwe njengemvakalelo ethile.

Ukugxekwa kwethiyori yeSchachter-Singer iphakamisa ukuba singafumana iimvakalelo ngaphambi kokuba siqaphele ukuba sicinga ngazo. Umzekelo, xa ubona inyoka, ungabaleka ungakhange ucinge ukuba imvakalelo ohlangabezana nayo luloyiko.

Ukugxekwa kwethiyori

Esinye sezigxeko eziphambili zethiyori yeCannon-Bard kukuba ithatha ukuba ukuphendula komzimba akuphembeleli iimvakalelo. Nangona kunjalo, iqela elikhulu lophando malunga nembonakalo yobuso kunye nemvakalelo iphakamisa enye indlela. Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abaceliweyo ukuba benze imbonakalo yobuso ethile kunokwenzeka ukuba bafumane impendulo yeemvakalelo enxulunyaniswe nelo binzana.

Olunye ugxeko olubalulekileyo luthi uCannon noBard bagxininisa kakhulu indima ye-thalamus kwiinkqubo zovakalelo kwaye bagxininisa indima yezinye izakhiwo zobuchopho.

Ukuthatha

Ithiyori yeCannon-Bard yeemvakalelo iphakamisa ukuba ukusabela ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo kwisistim kunamava ngokuzimeleyo kwaye kwangaxeshanye.

Uphando kwiinkqubo zemvakalelo kwingqondo ziyaqhubeka, kwaye ithiyori iyaqhubeka nokuvela. Le yayiyenye yeembono zokuqala zemvakalelo zokuthatha indlela ye-neurobiological.

Ngoku ukuba uyayazi ithiyori yeCannon-Bard, ungayisebenzisa ukuqonda ezakho nezabanye ezempendulo yeemvakalelo.