Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezinceda ekuchongeni intsholongwane yeZika

Umxholo

• Kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuba uZika uyarhanelwa
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Ukwazi njani ukuba umntwana wakho uneZika
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Ukuze ufumane ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-Zika virus intsholongwane kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele iimpawu ezihlala zivela kwiintsuku ezili-10 emva kokuluma kweengcongconi kwaye okokuqala, zibandakanya umkhuhlane ngaphezu kwe-38ºC kunye namabala abomvu kwesikhumba sobuso Ezi mpawu zihlala ziguqukela kwezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ngakumbi ezinje:

• Intloko ebuhlungu engaphucukiyo;
• Umqala obuhkungu;
• Intlungu edibeneyo;
• Intlungu yezihlunu nokudinwa okugqithisileyo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, le miqondiso ihlala ukuya kwiintsuku ezintlanu kwaye inokubhidaniswa neempawu zomkhuhlane, i-dengue okanye i-rubella, ke kubalulekile ukuba uye kwigumbi likaxakeka xa ngaphezulu kwe-2 yeempawu zibonakala ngathi zibonwa ngugqirha ukufumanisa isifo. ingxaki, ukuqala unyango olufanelekileyo. Funda ngezinye iimpawu ezibangelwa yintsholongwane yeZika kunye nendlela yokuyikhulula.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuba uZika uyarhanelwa

Xa kukho urhano lokuba noZika, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye esibhedlele kwangoko ukuze ugqirha abone iimpawu kwaye avavanye ukuba zingabangelwa yintsholongwane kaZika. Ukongeza, ugqirha unokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba asikho esinye isifo esinokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamaxesha obhubhane, oogqirha banokusirhanela isifo kwaye abasoloko becela ukuba besixilongwe.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Ukuxilongwa ukufumanisa ubukho bentsholongwane yeZika kwenziwa ngovavanyo olukhawulezileyo, iimolekyuli kunye novavanyo lwe-immunological kwaye kufuneka lwenziwe, ngokukhethekileyo, ngexesha lesifo, nalapho kulithuba elikhulu lokufumanisa le ntsholongwane, nokuba ukuba iphantsi.

Olona vavanyo lusetyenzisiweyo ekuchongeni intsholongwane ye-Zika yi-RT-PCR, eluvavanyo lweemolekyuli olunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa igazi, umchamo okanye indawo yokuma njengesahlulo, ukuba kuyenziwa kubafazi abakhulelweyo. Nangona uhlalutyo lwegazi lolona luxhaphakileyo, umchamo uqinisekisa ukubonwa okuphezulu, ukongeza ekulula ukuqokelela. Nge-RT-PCR, ukongeza ekuchongeni ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwentsholongwane, kunokwenzeka ukuba ujonge ukuba yeyiphi na intsholongwane ekhoyo, olu lwazi luluncedo kugqirha ukuseka olona nyango lululo.

Ukongeza kuvavanyo lweemolekyuli, kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenziwe isifo se-serological, apho ubukho beantigens kunye / okanye ii-antibodies ezinokubonisa usulelo ziphandwa. Olu hlobo lokufumanisa isifo luqhele ukwenziwa kubafazi abakhulelweyo nakwiintsana ezine-microcephaly, kwaye zinokwenziwa kwigazi, intambo yesampula okanye isampulu ye-CSF.

Uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lusetyenziswa rhoqo njengendlela yovavanyo, kwaye iziphumo kufuneka ziqinisekiswe ngovavanyo lweemolekyuli okanye i-serological. Kukwakho novavanyo lwe-immunohistochemical, apho isampulu ye-biopsy ithunyelwa khona elebhu ukuba iphandwe ubukho beentsholongwane ezichasene nentsholongwane, nangona kunjalo olu vavanyo lwenziwa kuphela kwiintsana ezizalwe zingenabomi okanye ekurhanelwa ukukhupha isisu se-microcephaly.

Ngenxa yokufana phakathi kweempawu zikaZika, iDengue kunye neChikungunya, kukwakho novavanyo lokuqonda isifo lweemolekyuli oluvumela ukwahlula kwezi zintsholongwane zintathu, ukuvumela ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuqala konyango ukuba kwenziwe, nangona kunjalo olu vavanyo alufumaneki zonke iiyunithi zempilo, ezihlala zifumaneka kwiilebhu zophando kwaye zifumana iisampulu zokwenza uxilongo.

Ukwazi njani ukuba umntwana wakho uneZika

Kwimeko yomntwana, kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukufumanisa iimpawu zeZika. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abazali baqwalasele imiqondiso efana:

• Ukulila kakhulu;
• Ukungazinzi;
• Ukubonakala kwamabala abomvu kwesikhumba;
• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-37.5ºC;
• Amehlo abomvu.

Ukongeza, abanye abantu basetyhini banokosulelwa yintsholongwane yeZika kwanaxa bekhulelwe, ezinokuthi ziphazamise ukukhula kwengqondo kunye nesiphumo sokuzalwa komntwana ene-microcephaly, apho intloko nengqondo yosana zincinci kunesiqhelo kubudala. Funda indlela yokuqonda i-microcephaly.

Ukuba uZika ukrokrelwa, umntwana makasiwe kugqirha wabantwana kuvavanyo lokuqonda isifo, kwaye ke, olona nyango lufanelekileyo lunokuqaliswa.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwentsholongwane yeZika luyafana nonyango lwedengue, kwaye kufuneka lukhokelwe ngugqirha oqhelekileyo okanye isifo esosulelayo. Ihlala isenziwa kuphela ngolawulo lweempawu, kuba akukho ntsholongwane ethile yokulwa nosulelo.

Ke, unyango kufuneka lwenziwe kuphela ngokuphumla ekhaya kangangeentsuku ezisi-7 kunye nokusetyenziswa kweepilisi zentlungu kunye namayeza omkhuhlane, njengeParacetamol okanye iDipyrone, umzekelo, ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokubuyisa ngokukhawuleza. Amachiza alwa nokungabikho komzimba kunye neziyobisi ezichasayo nazo zingabonakaliswa ukulawula ezinye zeempawu.

Kwabanye abantu, usulelo lwe-Zika Virus lunokubanzima ukukhula kwe-Guillain-Barré Syndrome, isifo esibi esithi, xa singashiywanga singanyangwa, sinokushiya isigulana singakwazi ukuhamba nokuphefumla, esinokubulala. Ke ngoko, ukuba uhlangabezana nobuthathaka obuqhubekayo emilenzeni nasezingalweni zakho, kuya kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Abantu abafunyaniswe ukuba banesi sifo baxele ukuba bafumene iimpawu zeZika malunga neenyanga ezimbini ezidlulileyo.

Jonga kwividiyo engezantsi indlela yokutya ukuze uphinde ubuye kwiZika ngokukhawuleza: