Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi: yintoni, ziindidi, iimpawu kunye nendlela yokuchonga

Umxholo

• 1. Isifo i-Alzheimer's
• 2. Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo
• 3. Isifo sengqondo esiyiParkinson
• 4. Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• 5. Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• 6. Khetha isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• 7. Ukuwohloka komzimba ngemizimba yeLeby
• 8. Ukudakumba kotywala

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, esibizwa ngokuba sisiphazamiso esikhulu okanye esincinci kwi-DSM-V, sihambelana notshintsho oluqhubekayo kwimimandla yengqondo, ekhokelela kutshintsho kwimemori, isimilo, ulwimi kunye nobuntu, ukuphazamisa ngokuthe ngqo kumgangatho wobomi bomntu.

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sinokuchazwa njengeseti yeempawu kunye neempawu ezinxulumene notshintsho lobuchopho olunokuba nezizathu ezahlukeneyo, zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nokwaluphala.

Ngokwesizathu kunye neempawu ezivezwe ngumntu, isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sinokuhlelwa ngokweendidi ezininzi, ezona ziphambili zezi:

1. Isifo i-Alzheimer's

Isifo i-Alzheimer lolona hlobo luphambili lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kwaye sibonakaliswa kukuwohloka okuqhubekekayo kwee-neuron kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi yokuqonda. Ukuphuhliswa kwe-Alzheimer's sisiphumo sezinto, ezinje ngemfuza, ukuguga, ukungasebenzi, ukwenzakala entloko kunye nokutshaya, umzekelo.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu ze-Alzheimer's zikhula ngokwamanqanaba, iimpawu zokuqala zinxulumene nobunzima ekufumaneni amagama kunye nokwenza izigqibo, ukungabikho kwengqwalaselo kunye nememori engalunganga, ukugxila, ingqalelo kunye nokuqiqa. Nantsi indlela yokuchonga iimpawu ze-Alzheimer's.

Senziwa njani isifo: Ukuchongwa kwe-Alzheimer's kwenziwa ngokuvavanya iimpawu ezichazwe sisigulana kunye nonyango kunye nembali yosapho. Ukongeza, ugqirha wemithambo-luvo unokucela iimvavanyo ezivumela ukuba kuchongwe utshintsho lweengqondo, ukongeza kuhlalutyo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid ukujonga ukuqokelelwa kweeproteni ze-beta-amyloid ezenzeka kwi-Alzheimer's.

Kukwacetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lokuqiqa, ekufuneka lwenziwe yi-neurologist okanye i-geriatrician, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukonakala kwengqondo. Jonga ukuba uvavanyo lwe-Alzheimer lwenziwa njani ngokukhawuleza.

2. Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo luhlobo lwesibini oluqhelekileyo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, okwesibini emva kwe-Alzheimer's, kwaye kwenzeka xa ukubonelelwa kwegazi kwengqondo kuphazamiseka ngenxa yeengxaki ze-cerebrovascular okanye ye-cardiovascular, ezikhokelela ekutshintsheni kwengqondo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ngesi sizathu, oyena nobangela uphambili wolu hlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kukubethwa yintlungu. Ukuqonda ngcono ukuba yintoni i-vasement dementia, iimpawu zayo kunye nendlela yokuyinyanga.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Kolu hlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, kukho ukungahambi kakuhle kwengqondo, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba umntu enze imisebenzi elula yemihla ngemihla, ekhokelela kukuxhomekeka. Ukongeza, ngokuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo, umntu unokungondleki, abe sesichengeni sokosuleleka kwaye kube nzima nokuginya, umzekelo.

Senziwa njani isifo: Ukuchongwa kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo kwenziwa kusetyenziswa iimvavanyo zokucinga ngemithambo-luvo, ezinje nge-magnetic resonance kunye ne-computed tomography, apho utshintsho lobuchopho luqinisekiswa khona ngenxa yokwehla konikezelo lwegazi kwingqondo.

3. Isifo sengqondo esiyiParkinson

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sikaParkinson sivela njengoko isifo sikaParkinson sisiba mandundu, sisiphumo sotshintsho olwenzeka kwinqanaba lobuchopho, njengoko kukho utshintsho olunxulumene nokuqonda komntu kunye nokuziphatha kwakhe. Kuqheleke kakhulu kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala kwaye unobangela wayo awukasekwa kakuhle, nangona kunjalo kuyaziwa ukuba kunxitywa kwimimandla yengqondo ejongene nokuveliswa kwee-neurotransmitters.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Ukongeza kwiimpawu zeParkinson's, ezinjengokungcangcazela kunye nokuqina kwemisipha, kukho ukulahleka okuqhubekayo kwememori kunye nokutshintsha kwengqondo ngenxa yokonakala kunye nokuqhekeka kwemimandla yobuchopho enoxanduva lokuveliswa kweeurotransmitters. Jonga ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zokuqala zikaParkinson.

Senziwa njani isifo: Ukuchongwa kwesifo sikaParkinson kwenziwa sisazi semithambo-luvo kusetyenziswa imiqondiso kunye neempawu ezibonakaliswa sisigulana kunye novavanyo lwe-imaging, olufana nokucinga ngemagneti yokujonga amandla kunye nekhompyuter yokhakhayi, umzekelo. Ukongeza, iimvavanyo zegazi zinoku-odolwa ezinokungazibandakanyi ezinye iingcinga zokuqonda isifo.

4. Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sesenile senzeka rhoqo kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala kwaye sibonakaliswa yilahleko eqhubela phambili nengaguqukiyo yemisebenzi yengqondo, enjengememori, ukuqiqa kunye nolwimi, kwaye ke sesona sizathu siphambili sokukhubazeka kubantu abadala. Olu hlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sihlala sisiphumo sezifo ezingena nzala, ezinje nge-Alzheimer's okanye isifo sika-Parkinson, umzekelo.

Ukongeza, inokuba sisiphumo sokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwamayeza athile, njengeepilisi zokulala, izinto zokuthomalalisa ukudakumba kunye neziphumlisi zezihlunu, umzekelo. Funda ngakumbi malunga nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu eziphambili ezinxulumene nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kukudideka, ukulahleka kwememori, ukwenza izigqibo nzima, ukulibala izinto ezilula, ukwehla kobunzima, ukungakwazi ukuzibamba xa usenza umchamo, ukuqhuba nzima okanye ukwenza imisebenzi uwedwa, njengokuthenga, ukupheka okanye ukuhlamba, umzekelo.

Senziwa njani isifo: Ukuchongwa kolu hlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kwenziwa ngovavanyo lwelabhoratri, ukukhuphela ngaphandle ezinye izifo, kunye neemvavanyo zokucinga, ezinje ngecomputer tomography yokakayi kunye nemagneti yokujonga ngemagneti, umzekelo, ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwengqondo. Ukongeza, ukuxilongwa kufuneka kwenziwe ngokusekwe kwimbali yesigulana esigqibeleleyo kunye neemvavanyo zokuvavanya inkumbulo kunye nenqanaba lengqondo, kunye nenqanaba lokuqwalaselwa, uxinzelelo kunye nonxibelelwano.

5. Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo

I-Frontotemporal dementia okanye i-DFT luhlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixakekiswa yi-atrophy kunye nelahleko yeeseli zemithambo-luvo kwenye okanye zombini ii-lobes zangaphambili kunye nezexeshana zobuchopho. I-lobes engaphambili inoxanduva lokulawula imo yokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha, ngelixa i-lobes yexeshana inxulumene nombono nentetho. Ke, kuxhomekeke apho ukonakala kwengqondo kwenzeka khona, iimpawu zinokwahluka.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu eziphambili ezinxulumene ne-FTD ziinguqu kwindlela yokuziphatha koluntu, ukwahluka kobuntu, utshintsho kulwimi, ukubonisa intetho encinci. Ukongeza, umntu unokuphinda amabinzana athethwe ngabanye abantu amatyeli aliqela kwaye angakhumbuli amagama ezinto, akwazi ukubachaza.

Senziwa njani isifo: I-FTD ifunyaniswa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwengqondo, apho utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye nezo zinxulumene nembono yentlalo ziqinisekisiweyo. Ukongeza, ezinye iimvavanyo zinoku-odolwa, njengokucinga kwengqondo kunye ne-electroencephalogram. Fumanisa ukuba yenziwa njani i-electroencephalogram.

6. Khetha isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo esikhethwe nguPick okanye isifo, esikwabizwa ngokuba yiPiD, luhlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo esibonakaliswa kukungaphezulu kweeproteni zeTau kwii-neurons ezibizwa ngokuba ziikomityi zePick. Iprotein egqithisileyo ihlala ivela kwi-lobes yangaphambili okanye yethutyana kwaye sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuphulukana nenkumbulo kwangoko, ezinokuqala kwiminyaka engama-40

Iimpawu eziphambili: Isifo sikaPick sineempawu eziphambili zokuhla kwamandla okuqiqa, ubunzima bokuthetha, ukudideka kwengqondo, ukungazinzi ngokweemvakalelo kunye notshintsho kubuntu.

Senziwa njani isifo: Ukuchongwa kwesifo sikaPick kwenziwa ngokuhlalutya iimpawu zokuziphatha ezinikwa ngumntu, ezihlala zenziwa ngovavanyo lwengqondo, ukongeza kwiimvavanyo zokucinga, ezinje ngemifanekiso yokujonga ngemagneti, umzekelo. Ukongeza, ugqirha unokucelwa ukuba avavanye ukuxinana kweprotein yeTau kulwelo lwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, kwaye ingqokelela yolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal lubonakalisiwe.

7. Ukuwohloka komzimba ngemizimba yeLeby

Ukuwohloka komzimba onemizimba yeLeyy kungqinelana nokubandakanyeka kwemimandla ethile yengqondo ngenxa yobukho beeproteni, ezaziwa njengemizimba yeLeyy, ethi ikhule ngaphakathi kweeseli zengqondo kwaye ibangele ukonakala nokufa, okukhokelela kwisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Olu hlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo luxhaphake kubantu abangaphezulu kwama-60 kwaye lunokwenzeka ngaxeshanye nesi sifo se-Alzheimer's, umzekelo. Funda indlela yokuchonga nokunyanga isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ngemizimba yeLeyy.

​Iimpawu eziphambili: Abantu abafunyenwe benolu hlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo baneempawu eziphambili zokuphulukana namandla engqondo, ukudideka kwengqondo, ukudideka, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, ukungcangcazela kunye nokuqina kwemisipha. Ngokwesiqhelo utshintsho lwengqondo lubonakala kuqala kwaye, njengoko kukho ukubandakanyeka okukhulu kwengqondo, utshintsho kwiintshukumo luyavela kwaye ukudideka kwengqondo kuya kusiba mandundu.

Senziwa njani isifo: Ukuchongwa kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nemizimba ye-Lewy kufuneka yenziwe yi-neurologist kuvavanyo lweempawu, kwimbali yesigulana kunye nakwimbali yosapho kunye neemvavanyo zokucinga, ezinje nge-computed tomography okanye imaging resonance imaging, ukuze kuchongwe ukonakala kwezinye iindawo zobuchopho.

8. Ukudakumba kotywala

Umanyano phakathi kokusela kakhulu iziselo ezinxilisayo kunye nokuchaphazeleka okukhulu kwisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kusafundwa, nangona kunjalo sele kuqinisekisiwe ukuba ukusela kakhulu iziselo ezinxilisayo kuphazamisa inkumbulo, ukuqonda kunye namandla okuziphatha. Kungenxa yokuba utywala bunokuba nefuthe elibi kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo, ziguqula ukusebenza kwazo kwaye zikhokelele kwiimpawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, umzekelo.

Ukongeza, ukuba ukuselwa kotywala ngokugqithisileyo kunxulunyaniswa nokutya okunevithamini B1, kunokubakho monakalo ongenakulungiseka. Jonga okokutya okutyebileyo kwi-vitamin B1.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Ubunzima bokufunda, utshintsho kubuntu, ukunciphisa izakhono zentlalo, ubunzima ekucingeni okuqiqayo kunye notshintsho lwexesha elifutshane ziimpawu ezibonakalayo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo esibangelwa butywala.