Idemoni: Yintoni le kwaye kutheni isenzeka?

Umxholo

• Imithambo-luvo
• UMyelin
• Oonobangela bokushenxiswa
• Iimpawu zokuchithwa
• Iimpawu zokuqala zokuchithwa
• Iimpawu ezinxulunyaniswa nefuthe lokuchithwa komzimba kwiimbilini
• Iindidi zokudilizwa
• Ukudakumba ukungabikho komzimba
• Ukudilizwa kwintsholongwane
• Ukudilizwa kunye ne-multiple sclerosis
• Unyango kunye noxilongo
• I-MRI yedemokhrasi
• Iingxelo
• Izitofu kunye nokususwa emzimbeni
• Yise kude

Yintoni ukususa idemoni?

Imithambo ithumela kwaye ifumane imiyalezo evela kuwo onke amalungu omzimba wakho kwaye uyiqwalasele kwingqondo yakho. Bayakuvumela ukuba:

• thetha
• Yabona
• zive
• cinga

Iimbilini ezininzi ziboshwe kwi-myelin. I-Myelin yinto ekhuselekileyo. Xa igugile okanye yonakele, imithambo-luvo inokuwohloka, ibangele iingxaki kwingqondo nasemzimbeni wonke. Umonakalo kwi-myelin ejikeleze imithambo-luvo ibizwa ngokuba yi-demyelination.

Imithambo-luvo

Imithambo-luvo yenziwa zii-neurons. I-Neurons yenziwa:

• umzimba weseli
• dendrites
• iazon

I-axon ithumela imiyalezo isuka kwi-neuron iye kwenye. Ii-Axons zikwadibanisa ii-neurons nezinye iiseli, ezinje ngeeseli zemisipha.

Ezinye ii-axon zimfutshane kakhulu, ngelixa ezinye zineenyawo ezintathu ubude. Ii-axon zigutyungelwe kwi-myelin. I-Myelin ikhusela ii-axon kwaye inceda ukuphatha imiyalezo ye-axon ngokukhawuleza.

UMyelin

I-Myelin yenziwe ngamanqanaba eembrane egubungela i-axon. Oku kuyafana nombono wocingo lombane kunye nokutyabeka ukukhusela isinyithi ngaphantsi.

I-Myelin ivumela umqondiso we-nerve ukuba uhambe ngokukhawuleza. Kwii-neurons ezingafakwanga i-neurons, umqondiso unokuhamba kunye nemithambo-luvo malunga nemitha enye ngomzuzwana. Kwi-neuron ye-myelinated, umqondiso unokuhamba iimitha ezili-100 ngomzuzwana.

Ezinye iimeko zonyango zinokonakalisa i-myelin. Ukudonswa kwesantya kunciphisa imiyalezo ethunyelwe kunye nee-axon kwaye kubangele ukuba i-axon yehle. Kuxhomekeka kwindawo yomonakalo, ilahleko ye-axon inokubangela iingxaki nge:

• imvakalelo
• Ukuhamba
• uyabona
• ukuva
• ukucinga ngokucacileyo

Oonobangela bokushenxiswa

Ukudumba sesona sizathu siqhelekileyo somonakalo we-myelin. Ezinye izizathu zibandakanya:

• usulelo oluthile lwentsholongwane
• iingxaki zemetabolic
• ukulahleka kweoksijini
• uxinzelelo lomzimba

Iimpawu zokuchithwa

Ukudonswa kwengqondo kuthintela imithambo-luvo ekubeni ikwazi ukuhambisa imiyalezo isiya kwingqondo. Iziphumo zokuchithwa kwetyala zinokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Kwi-Guillain-Barré syndrome (i-GBS), i-myelin inokuthi ihlaselwe kuphela iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu.

Iimpawu zokuqala zokuchithwa

Asinguye wonke umntu ochaphazeleka ziimeko zedeli ngendlela efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimpawu zokuphelisa umthetho ziqhelekile.

Iimpawu zokuqala-eziphakathi kweempawu zokuqala zokuchithwa kwetyala-zibandakanya:

• ukulahleka kombono
• iingxaki zesinyi okanye zesisu
• intlungu engavamile
• ukudinwa ngokubanzi

Iimpawu ezinxulunyaniswa nefuthe lokuchithwa komzimba kwiimbilini

Amathambo ayinxalenye ephambili yemisebenzi yomzimba wakho, ke uluhlu olubanzi lweempawu lunokwenzeka xa imithambo ichaphazeleka kukuchithwa, kubandakanya:

• ukuba ndindisholo
• ukulahleka kwengqondo kunye nokunyakaza okungahambelaniyo
• uxinzelelo lwegazi olungalawulwanga kakuhle
• ukungaboni kakuhle
• isiyezi
• ukubetha kwentliziyo okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo
• iingxaki zememori
• intlungu
• ukulahleka kwesinyi kunye nolawulo lwamathumbu
• ukudinwa

Iimpawu zinokuza kwaye zihambe kwiimeko ezingapheliyo, njenge-multiple sclerosis (MS), kunye nenkqubela phambili kwiminyaka.

Iindidi zokudilizwa

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuchithwa. Oku kubandakanya ukudanjiswa komzimba kunye nokuchithwa kwentsholongwane.

Ukudakumba ukungabikho komzimba

Ukudumba okuchazayo kwenzeka xa amajoni omzimba ahlasela i-myelin. Iindidi zokudilizwa njenge-MS, i-optic neuritis, kunye ne-encephalomyelitis esasazeka ngokukhawuleza ibangelwa kukudumba kwengqondo kunye nomqolo womqolo.

I-GBS ibandakanya ukudiliza okutshisayo kwemithambo-luvo kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Ukudilizwa kwintsholongwane

Ukudilizwa kwintsholongwane kwenzeka nge-leukoencephalopathy eqhubekayo. I-PML ibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-JC. Umonakalo weMyelin nawo unokwenzeka nge:

• utywala
• ukulimala kwesibindi
• ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte

I-hypoxic-ischemic demyelination yenzeka ngenxa yesifo semithambo okanye ukungabikho kweoksijini kwingqondo.

Ukudilizwa kunye ne-multiple sclerosis

I-MS yeyona meko ixhaphakileyo yokudambisa. Ngokwe-National MS Society, ichaphazela abantu abayi-2.3 yezigidi kwihlabathi liphela.

Kwi-MS, ukuchithwa kwetyala kwenzeka kumcimbi omhlophe wobuchopho nakwintambo yomqolo.Izilonda okanye "iiplate" emva koko zenza apho i-myelin ihlaselwa khona ngamajoni omzimba. Uninzi lwala macwecwe, okanye izicwili ezibomvu, zenzeka kuyo yonke ingqondo ekuhambeni kweminyaka.

Iindidi ze-MS zezi:

• Isifo esizimeleyo sonyango
• Ukubuyela kwakhona kwi-MS
• Inkqubela phambili ephambili yeMS
• Inkqubela phambili yesibini kwi-MS

Unyango kunye noxilongo

Akukho lunyango lokuchithwa kweemeko, kodwa ukukhula kwe-myelin entsha kunokwenzeka kwiindawo zomonakalo. Nangona kunjalo, ihlala icekeceke kwaye ayisebenzi. Abaphandi bajonge iindlela zokwandisa amandla omzimba okukhulisa i-myelin entsha.

Uninzi lonyango lweemeko zokudambisa imeko kunciphisa ukuphendula komzimba. Unyango lubandakanya ukusebenzisa iziyobisi njenge-interferon beta-1a okanye i-glatiramer acetate.

Abantu abanamanqanaba asezantsi e-vithamini D ngokulula bakhulisa i-MS okanye ezinye iimeko zokuphelisa imeko. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-vitamin D anokunciphisa iimpendulo zomzimba zokukhusela.

I-MRI yedemokhrasi

Iimeko zedemoni, ngakumbi i-MS kunye ne-optic neuritis, okanye ukudumba kwethambo le-optic, ziyafumaneka ngokuskena kweMRI. Ii-MRIs zingabonisa iipleyiti zokuchithwa kwengqondo kwingqondo nakwimithambo-luvo, ngakumbi ezo zibangelwa yi-MS.

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokukwazi ukufumana iipleyiti okanye izilonda ezichaphazela inkqubo yakho yeemvakalelo. Unyango emva koko lunokujoliswa ngqo kumthombo wokudanjiswa komzimba emzimbeni wakho.

Iingxelo

Inkqubo ye-nervous system (CNS) iyakwazi ukuvelisa i-cholesterol yayo. Umboniso wangoku wokuba ukuba uthatha ii-statins ukunciphisa i-cholesterol emzimbeni wakho, akunakulindeleka ukuba zichaphazele i-cholesterol yakho ye-CNS.

Izifundo ezininzi ziye zafumanisa ukuba unyango lwe-statin lunokukhusela isifo se-Alzheimer's (AD) kubantu abangakhange babone ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwaye basesebancinci.

bafumanise ukuba ii-statins zinokucothisa izinga lokwehla kwengqondo kunye nokulibazisa ukuqala kwe-AD. Uphando luyaqhubeka, kwaye asikabinampendulo iqinisekileyo okwangoku. Olunye uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ii-statins azichaphazeli i-CNS okanye uhlengahlengiso, kwaye abanye bathi bayayenza.

Okwangoku, uninzi lobungqina alubonisi ukuba unyango lwe-statin luyingozi ekuvuseleleni ngaphakathi kwe-CNS. Okwangoku, iimpembelelo ze-statins ekusebenzeni kwengqondo zihlala ziphikisana ngeli xesha.

Izitofu kunye nokususwa emzimbeni

Ukwenza amajoni omzimba asebenze ngesitofu sokugonya kunokubangela ukusabela okuzenzekelayo. Oku kuhlala kwenzeka kuphela kubantu abambalwa abanamajoni omzimba aqinisekileyo.

Abanye abantwana kunye nabantu abadala bafumana "ii-syndromes ezibukhali zokutshabalalisa umzimba" emva kokubhencwa kwizitofu ezithile, ezinjengezo zomkhuhlane okanye i-HPV.

Kodwa bekukho kuphela iimeko ezingama-71 ezibhaliweyo ukusuka kwi-1979 ukuya kwi-2014, kwaye akuqinisekanga ukuba izitofu zazingunobangela wokukhutshwa.

Yise kude

Iimeko zokuphelisa imeko yedemokhrasi zinokubonakala zibuhlungu kwaye zingalawuleki ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uphile kakuhle nge-MS kunye nezinye iimeko eziqhelekileyo.

Kukho uphando olutsha oluthembisayo malunga noonobangela bokuchithwa kwetyeli kunye nendlela yokuphatha imithombo yendalo yokuwohloka kwe-myelin. Unyango luyaphuculwa kulawulo lweentlungu ezibangelwa kukususwa.

Ukuchithwa kwemeko enokubangela ukuba kunganyangeki. Nangona kunjalo, ungathetha nokhathalelo lwakho lwempilo malunga namayeza kunye nolunye unyango olunokukunceda ufunde ngakumbi ngemeko yakho.

Okukhona uyazi, okungakumbi onokukwenza ukujongana neempawu, ezinje ngokutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo, ukukunceda ulawule iintlungu ngokufanelekileyo.