Yintoni isifo seMarburg, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Ngaba kwenzeka njani ukuhambisa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Isifo sikaMarburg, esikwabizwa ngokuba yiMarburg hemorrhagic fever okanye intsholongwane iMarburg, sisifo esinqabileyo kakhulu esibangela umkhuhlane omkhulu, iintlungu zemisipha kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ukopha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, ezinjengeentsini, amehlo okanye impumlo.

Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo apho kukho amalulwane ohlobo lwazo URousettus kwaye, ke ngoko, ixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe aseAfrika nase Mzantsi Asia. Nangona kunjalo, usulelo lunokudlula ngokulula lusuka komnye umntu luye komnye ngokudibana nokufihlakeleyo komntu ogulayo, njengegazi, amathe kunye nolunye ulwelo lomzimba.

Ngenxa yokuba iyinxalenye yosapho lwe-phylovirus, inokufa okuphezulu kwaye ineendlela ezifanayo zokuhambisa, intsholongwane yaseMarburg ihlala ithelekiswa nentsholongwane ye-Ebola.

Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu

Iimpawu zeMarburg fever zihlala zivela ngesiquphe kwaye zibandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu, ngaphezulu kwama-38º C;
• Intloko ebuhlungu;
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha kunye ne-malaise ngokubanzi;
• Urhudo oluqhubekayo;
• Intlungu zesisu;
• Ukuxhuzulwa rhoqo;
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha;
• Ukudideka, ukuba ndlongondlongo kunye nokucaphuka ngokulula;
• Ukudinwa kakhulu.

Abantu abaninzi abosuleleke yintsholongwane iMarburg banokuphaphaza ukuphuma kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, kwiintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-7 emva kokuqala kweempawu. Ezona ndawo zixhaphakileyo zokopha ngamehlo, iintsini kunye nempumlo, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba ube namabala abomvu okanye abomvu kulusu, kunye negazi esitulweni okanye ekugabheni.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Iimpawu ezibangelwa ngumkhuhlane weMarburg ziyafana nezinye izifo zentsholongwane. Ke ngoko, eyona ndlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kukuvavanywa kwegazi ukuchonga izilwa-buhlungu ezithile, ukongeza kuhlalutyo lweemfihlo ezithile elebhu.

Ngaba kwenzeka njani ukuhambisa

Ekuqaleni, intsholongwane yaseMarburg idlulela ebantwini ngokudibana neendawo ezinamalulwane ohlobo lweRousettus. Nangona kunjalo, emva kongcoliseko, intsholongwane inokudlula isuka komnye umntu iye komnye ngokudibana nolwelo lomzimba, njengegazi okanye amathe.

Yiyo loo nto, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntu osulelekileyo ahlale yedwa, ukuphepha ukuya kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, apho anokungcolisa abanye. Ukongeza, kuya kufuneka unxibe imaski ekhuselayo kwaye uhlambe izandla rhoqo ukunqanda ukusasaza intsholongwane.

Ukudluliselwa kunokuqhubeka de intsholongwane isuswe ngokupheleleyo egazini, oko kukuthi, kufuneka kukhathalelwe de ugqibe unyango kwaye ugqirha uyangqina ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo azisabonisi zimpawu zosulelo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Akukho lunyango lonyango lwesifo sikaMarburg, kwaye kufuneka silungelelaniswe nomntu ngamnye, ukunciphisa iimpawu ezizisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, phantse zonke iimeko kufuneka ziphinde zifakwe emzimbeni, kwaye kunokuba yimfuneko ukuhlala esibhedlele ukufumana i-serum ngqo emthanjeni, ukongeza kumayeza okunciphisa ukungonwabi.

Ngamanye amaxesha, kungafuneka nokuba kwenziwe utofelo-gazi, ukuququzelela inkqubo yokunqanda igazi, ukunqanda ukopha okubangelwa sesi sifo.