Ngaba iPap Smear iyayifumana i-HIV?

Umxholo

• Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zifunyenwe yiPap smear?
• Loluphi uvavanyo lwe-HIV olukhoyo?
• Loluphi uvavanyo lwelebhu lwe-HIV?
• Luluphi uvavanyo lwasekhaya lwe-HIV?
• Bangenza ntoni abantu abaxhalabileyo nge-HIV ngoku?

Ngaba iPap smear ingayifumana i-HIV?

I-Pap smear screens yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngokujonga okungaqhelekanga kwiiseli zomlomo wesibeleko sowasetyhini. Ukusukela oko yangeniswa e-United States ngo-1941, i-Pap smear, okanye uvavanyo lwe-Pap, kuthiwa iyalinciphisa ngokumangalisayo izinga lokufa ngenxa yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Ngelixa umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko unokubulala xa ushiywe unganyangwa, umhlaza uqobo ukhula kancinci. IPap smear ifumanisa utshintsho kumlomo wesibeleko kwangethuba ngokwaneleyo kongenelelo olusebenzayo.

Izikhokelo zicebisa ukuba abasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-21 ukuya kuma-65 ubudala bafumane iPap smear qho emva kweminyaka emithathu. Izikhokelo zivumela iPap smear qho emva kweminyaka emihlanu kwabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-30 ukuya kuma-65 ukuba bayavavanyelwa i-human papillomavirus (HPV). I-HPV yintsholongwane enokubangela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

I-Pap smear ihlala isenziwa ngaxeshanye novavanyo kwezinye izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo, ezifana ne-HIV. Nangona kunjalo, iPap smear ayivavanyi i-HIV.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zifunyenwe yiPap smear?

Ukuba iPap smear ibonisa ubukho beeseli ezingaqhelekanga kumlomo wesibeleko, umboneleli wezempilo unokucebisa icolposcopy.

I-colposcope isebenzisa ukukhulisa okuphantsi ukukhanyisa ukungaqhelekanga komlomo wesibeleko kunye nommandla ojikelezayo. Ngelo xesha, umboneleli wezempilo angathatha i-biopsy, eyisiqwenga sethambo, kuvavanyo lweelebhu.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunokwenzeka ukuvavanya ubukho be-HPV DNA ngqo. Ukuqokelela isampuli yethishyu kuvavanyo lwe-DNA kuyafana nenkqubo yokwenza iPap smear kwaye inokwenziwa kutyelelo olunye.

Loluphi uvavanyo lwe-HIV olukhoyo?

Wonke umntu ophakathi kweminyaka eli-13 ukuya kwengama-64 kufuneka afumane uvavanyo lwe-HIV okungenani kanye, ngokuka.

Uvavanyo lwasekhaya lunokusetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-HIV, okanye uvavanyo lunokwenziwa kwi-ofisi yomboneleli wezempilo. Nokuba umntu uvavanyelwa i-STIs qho ngonyaka, abanakucinga ukuba naluphi na uvavanyo oluthile, kubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-HIV, luyinxalenye yesikrini esiqhelekileyo.

Nabani na ofuna ukuvavanywa i-HIV kufuneka avakalise inkxalabo yakhe kumboneleli wezempilo. Oku kungadala ingxoxo malunga nokuba kufuneka kwenziwe ntoni ukuhlolwa kwe-STI kwaye nini. Ishedyuli efanelekileyo yovavanyo ixhomekeke kwimpilo yomntu, indlela aziphethe ngayo, ubudala, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Loluphi uvavanyo lwelebhu lwe-HIV?

Ukuba ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kwenzeka kwi-ofisi yomboneleli wezempilo, olunye lweemvavanyo ezintathu zelebhu luya kwenziwa:

• Uvavanyo lwe-antibody, olusebenzisa igazi okanye amathe ukufumana iiproteni ezenziwe ngamasosha omzimba ekuphenduleni i-HIV
• Uvavanyo lwe-antibody kunye ne-antigen, olujonga igazi kwiiproteni ezinxulumene ne-HIV
• Uvavanyo lwe-RNA, olujonga igazi kuyo nayiphi na into ephathekayo enxulumene nentsholongwane

Kutshanje kuphuculwe iimvavanyo ezikhawulezileyo azidingi ukuba iziphumo zihlalutyiwe elebhu. Iimvavanyo zikhangela izilwa-buhlungu kwaye zinokubuyisa iziphumo ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 okanye ngaphantsi.

Uvavanyo lokuqala olunokwenzeka luya kuba luvavanyo lwe-antibody okanye antibody / antigen. Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokubona inqanaba elisezantsi lomzimba kunokuba lifunyenwe kwiisampulu zamathe. Oku kuthetha ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi lunokuyifumana kwangoko i-HIV.

Ukuba ngaba umntu uvavanyiwe ukuba unayo i-HIV, uvavanyo olulandelayo luyakwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba unayo i-HIV-1 okanye i-HIV-2. Ababoneleli ngezempilo bahlala bemisela oku kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwe-immunoblot.

Luluphi uvavanyo lwasekhaya lwe-HIV?

Ulawulo lwezoKutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (i-FDA) luye lwavuma iimvavanyo ezimbini zokuvavanyelwa i-HIV ekhaya. ZiyiNkqubo yoVavanyo lweHIV-1 yokuFikelela eMakhaya kunye novavanyo lwe-OraQuick lwasekhaya lwe-HIV.

Ngenkqubo yoVavanyo lweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo-1 yokuFikelela, umntu uthatha ikhonkco kwigazi lakhe aze alithumele elebhu ukuvavanywa. Banokufowunela ilebhu kusuku olunye okanye ezimbini ukufumana iziphumo. Iziphumo ezincumisayo zihlala ziphinda zivavanywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zichanekile.

Olu vavanyo alunantlonelo ngakumbi kunolo lusebenzisa igazi elivela emthanjeni, kodwa lubuthathaka ngakumbi kunalowo usebenzisa umlomo.

Uvavanyo lwe-OraQuick lwasekhaya lwe-HIV lusebenzisa isabha yamathe emlonyeni. Iziphumo ziyafumaneka kwimizuzu engama-20. Ukuba umntu uvavanye ukuba unayo, baya kuthunyelwa kwiindawo zovavanyo ukuze zilandelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba zichanekile. Funda ngakumbi ngovavanyo lwasekhaya lwe-HIV.

Bangenza ntoni abantu abaxhalabileyo nge-HIV ngoku?

Ukuvavanywa kwangethuba sisitshixo kunyango olusebenzayo.

"Sicebisa ukuba wonke umntu afumane uvavanyo lwe-HIV ubuncinci kube kanye ebomini bakhe," utshilo uMichelle Cespedes, MD, olilungu le-HIV Medicine Association kunye nonjingalwazi onxulumene namayeza e-Icahn School of Medicine kwiNtaba yeSinayi.

"Isiphumo soko kukuba sithatha abantu ngaphambi kokuba amajoni abo omzimba achithe," utshilo. "Sibafumana kunyango kungekudala kunokuba kuthintele ukuba bangabikho kwi-immunocompromised."

Abantu abanemingcipheko eyaziwayo ye-HIV kufuneka bavavanye ukhetho lwabo. Banokucwangcisa ukuqeshwa kunye nomboneleli wabo wezempilo kuvavanyo lweelebhu okanye bathenge uvavanyo lwasekhaya.

Ukuba bakhetha ukwenza uvavanyo lwasekhaya kwaye baneziphumo eziqinisekileyo, banokucela umboneleli wabo wezempilo ukuba aqinisekise ngesi siphumo. Ukusuka apho, aba babini banokusebenzisana ukuvavanya ukhetho kunye nokuchonga amanyathelo alandelayo.