Ixesha lokuqala lokukhulelwa

Umxholo

• Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni womfazi ngexesha lekota yokuqala?
• Kwenzeka ntoni kwimveku engekazalwa ngexesha lekota yokuqala?
• Yintoni enokulindelwa kugqirha?
• Ndingahlala njani ndisempilweni ngexesha lekota yokuqala?
• Kwenziwe ntoni
• Yintoni ekufuneka uyiphephe
• Yintoni enye ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kwikota yokuqala?
• Ubaxelela nini abahlobo bakho, usapho kunye nomqeshi
• Apho ufuna ukuzala khona
• Ukuba ukhulelwe kakhulu
• Ukuhlawula ukhathalelo

Ithini ikota yokuqala?

Ukukhulelwa kuhlala malunga neeveki ezingama-40. Iiveki ziqokelelwe kwii-trimesters ezintathu. I-trimester yokuqala lixesha phakathi kokuchumisa iqanda ngesidoda (ukukhulelwa) kunye neveki ye-12 yokukhulelwa.

Umzimba womfazi uhamba ngeenguqu ezininzi ngexesha leeveki ezili-12 zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Abasetyhini bahlala beqala ukuba nexhala ngaphezulu:

• ukutya ntoni
• zeziphi iintlobo zovavanyo lokukhulelwa ekufuneka bethathele ingqalelo
• bungakanani ubunzima abanokufumana
• bangaqinisekisa njani ukuba umntwana wabo uhlala esempilweni

Ukuqonda iveki yokukhulelwa ngeveki kunokukunceda wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi kwaye ulungiselele utshintsho olukhulu oluzayo.

Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni womfazi ngexesha lekota yokuqala?

Kwi-trimester yokuqala, umzimba womfazi uhamba ngotshintsho oluninzi. Umzimba ukhupha iihormoni ezichaphazela phantse onke amalungu omzimba. Umqondiso wokuqala onokukhulelwa ulahlekile ixesha. Njengoko iiveki zokuqala zidlula, abanye abantu basetyhini bafumana oku kulandelayo:

• ukudinwa
• isisu esimoshakele
• ukuphosa phezulu
• ukuhamba kweemvakalelo
• amabele athambileyo
• isilungulela
• ukutyeba kwakho
• intloko ebuhlungu
• iminqweno yokutya okuthile
• ukuvukela ukutya okuthile
• ukuqhina

Kuya kufuneka uphumle ngaphezulu okanye utye ukutya okuncinci ngeli xesha. Abanye abantu basetyhini, nangona kunjalo, abaziva naziphi na kwezi mpawu kwaphela.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwimveku engekazalwa ngexesha lekota yokuqala?

Umhla wokuqala wokukhulelwa kwakho lusuku lokuqala lokuya esikhathini. Malunga neentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kweli-14 emva koko, kukhutshwa iqanda, lidityaniswe nesidoda, kwaye kumitha. Usana lukhula ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lekota yokuqala. Usana olungekazalwa luqala ukukhula kwingqondo nakumqolo, kwaye amalungu aqala ukubonakala. Intliziyo yomntwana iya kuqala ukubetha ngexesha lekota yokuqala.

Iingalo nemilenze ziqala ukudubula kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbalwa, kwaye ukuphela kweeveki ezisibhozo, iminwe neenzwane ziqala ukubonakala. Ekupheleni kwekota yokuqala, amalungu esini omntwana sele eyile. NgokweOfisi yezeMpilo yabaseTyhini, usana ngoku lumalunga nee-intshi ezintathu ubude kwaye inobunzima obulingana ne-ounce.

Yintoni enokulindelwa kugqirha?

Xa uqala ukufunda ukuba ukhulelwe, yenza idinga nogqirha wakho ukuqala ukukhathalela umntwana okhulayo. Ukuba awukabikho kwiivithamini zokubeleka, ziqale kwangoko. Ngokufanelekileyo, abasetyhini bathatha i-folic acid (kwiivithamini zaphambi kokubeleka) unyaka ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Abasetyhini bahlala bebona ugqirha wabo kanye ngenyanga ngexesha lekota yokuqala.

Ngexesha lotyelelo lwakho lokuqala, ugqirha uya kuthatha imbali yezempilo epheleleyo kwaye enze uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba kunye nolusu. Ugqirha usenakho:

• yenza i-ultrasound ukuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa
• yenza uvavanyo lwePap
• thatha uxinzelelo lwegazi
• uvavanyo lwezifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo, i-HIV kunye ne-hepatitis
• qikelela umhla wokuhanjiswa okanye "umhla wokugqibela," malunga neentsuku ezingama-266 ukusukela kusuku lokuqala lwexesha lakho lokugqibela
• isikrini sezinto ezinobungozi njenge-anemia
• jonga amanqanaba e-thyroid
• jonga ubunzima bakho

Malunga neeveki ezili-11, ugqirha uya kwenza uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-nuchal translucency (NT) scan. Uvavanyo lusebenzisa i-ultrasound ukulinganisa intloko yomntwana kunye nobukhulu bentamo yomntwana. Imilinganiselo inokunceda ukumisela ithuba lokuba umntwana wakho azalwe enesifo semfuza esaziwa njenge-Down syndrome.

Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba ukuhlolwa kwemfuzo kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhulelwe. Ukuhlolwa kwemfuza luvavanyo olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubungozi bosana lwakho kwizifo ezithile zofuzo.

Ndingahlala njani ndisempilweni ngexesha lekota yokuqala?

Kubalulekile ukuba owasetyhini azi ukuba enze ntoni kwaye aphephe ntoni ngelixa ekhulelwe ukuze azinakekele kunye nosana lwabo olusakhulayo.

Kwenziwe ntoni

Nanga amanyathelo afanelekileyo ezempilo onokuwathatha kwikota yokuqala yokuqala:

• Thatha iivithamini zokubeleka.
• Zilolonge rhoqo.
• Sebenzisa umgangatho wakho we-pelvic ngokwenza umthambo weKegel.
• Yitya ukutya okuphezulu kwiziqhamo, imifuno, iifom ezinamafutha asezantsi kunye nefayibha.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi.
• Yitya iikhalori ezaneleyo (malunga nama-300 eekhalori ngaphezu kwesiqhelo).

Yintoni ekufuneka uyiphephe

Ezi zinto kufuneka zithintelwe ngexesha lekota yokuqala yokuqala:

• umthambo onzima okanye uqeqesho lwamandla olunokubangela ukwenzakala kwisisu sakho
• utywala
• I-caffeine (ayikho enye indebe yekhofi okanye itiye ngosuku)
• ukutshaya
• iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni
• intlanzi eluhlaza okanye ukutya kwaselwandle okutshayiweyo (akukho sushi)
• ukrebe, ikrele, imackerel, okanye intlanzi emhlophe (banamazinga aphezulu e-mercury)
• amahlumela aluhlaza
• Inkunkuma yekati, enokuthi ithwale isifo se-parasitic esibizwa ngokuba yi-toxoplasmosis
• ubisi olungafakwanga okanye ezinye iimveliso zobisi
• Ukutya inyama okanye izinja ezishushu

Yintoni enye ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kwikota yokuqala?

Utshintsho lomzimba lubonelela ngento eninzi yokucinga ngexesha lekota yokuqala, kodwa ukuba nosana kuya kuchaphazela namanye amalungu obomi bakho. Zininzi izinto onokuqala ukucinga ngazo kwiinyanga zokuqala zokukhulelwa kwakho ukuze ukwazi ukulungiselela ikamva.

Ubaxelela nini abahlobo bakho, usapho kunye nomqeshi

I-trimester yokuqala lelona xesha liqhelekileyo lokulahleka kokukhulelwa (ukuphuma kwesisu), ngenxa yoko unokufuna ukulinda ukukhulelwa ukuze uzinze kwikota yesibini yesibini.

Unokufuna nokujonga ukuba uza kuhlala usebenza okanye awuzukuyeka na emsebenzini njengoko ukukhulelwa kwakho kuqhubeka, kwaye ukuba umqeshi wakho unikezela ngekhefu lokungabhatali lokuzalwa kunye nokhathalelo lomntwana wakho osandul 'ukuzalwa.

Apho ufuna ukuzala khona

Unokufuna ukuqala ngokujonga apho ungathanda ukuhambisa khona umntwana wakho xa ilixesha lokuba abelethe. Abasetyhini banokukhetha ukubeleka esibhedlele, kwiziko lokuzalwa, okanye kumakhaya abo. Kuya kufuneka ulinganise ubuhle kunye neengozi zendawo nganye kwaye uxoxe ngazo nogqirha wakho.

I-American Congress ye-Obstetricians kunye ne-Gynecologists (i-ACOG) ikholelwa ukuba izibhedlele kunye namaziko okubeletha yindawo ekhuselekileyo yokuhambisa umntwana. Ukuba kukho imeko kaxakeka, isibhedlele sixhotyiselwe ukujongana nale meko.

Ukuba ukhulelwe kakhulu

Ukukhulelwa komngcipheko omkhulu kuthetha ukuba kukho amathuba amakhulu okuba neengxaki. Izinto ezinokwenza ukuba ukukhulelwa kwakho kube semngciphekweni omkhulu kubandakanya:

• ndimncinci
• ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala
• ukutyeba kakhulu
• ukutyeba
• ukuba noxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo seswekile, i-HIV, umhlaza okanye ezinye iingxaki zokuzimela
• ukukhulelwa amawele okanye ukuphindaphinda

Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo abanomngcipheko ophezulu banokufuna ukutyelela ugqirha rhoqo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha banokufuna ugqirha oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa. Ukuba nokukhulelwa okusemngciphekweni omkhulu akuthethi ukuba uya kuba naziphi na iingxaki.

Ukuhlawula ukhathalelo

Abasetyhini abaninzi banexhala malunga neendleko zeendleko zonyango ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kukho iindlela ezikhoyo kulo lonke ilizwe eUnited States ukunceda ukuhlawulela ukhathalelo.Ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumene ukuba ukhulelwe, kuya kufuneka wenze idinga lokubonana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo, umbelekisi okanye ugqirha (kwezinye iindlela zonyango, bobabini bakwiofisi enye). Izinketho zeinshurensi yezempilo zitshintshile ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye uninzi lubonelela abasetyhini abakhulelweyo ukhetho oluninzi. Iinkampani zeinshurensi ziyafunda kubalulekile ukubonelela ngononophelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka ukuthintela ukhathalelo lwempilo olubiza kakhulu kamva. Izibhedlele zasekuhlaleni, iikliniki kunye nezinye iinkqubo zikarhulumente ziyafumaneka ukunceda:

• ukutya
• isondlo
• iingcebiso
• ukufikelela simahla kwiinkonzo zempilo kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo