Uguquko lwe-FLT3 kunye ne-Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Ukuqwalaselwa, ukuxhaphaka, kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Yintoni utshintsho lweFLT3?
• I-FLT3 iyichaphazela njani i-AML?
• Ziintoni iimpawu?
• Ukuvavanya utshintsho lwe-FLT3
• Unyango lokutshintsha kwe-FLT3
• Yise kude

Yintoni utshintsho lweFLT3?

I-leukemia ye-myeloid Acute (AML) yahlulwe yangamacandelwana ngokusekwe kwindlela iiseli zomhlaza ezibonakala ngayo, kwaye loluphi uguquko abanalo. Ezinye iintlobo ze-AML zinobukrakra kunezinye kwaye zifuna unyango olwahlukileyo.

I-FLT3 lutshintsho lwemfuza, okanye utshintsho kwiiseli zegazi. Phakathi kwabantu abane-AML banolu tshintsho.

Iikhowudi zofuzo ze-FLT3 zeprotein ebizwa ngokuba yi-FLT3 enceda iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ukuba zikhule. Ukutshintsha kolu hlobo kukhuthaza ukukhula kweeseli ezininzi zegazi.

Abantu abane-FLT3 mutation banendlela enoburharha ye-leukemia ekunokwenzeka ukuba ibuye emva kokuba iphathwe.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, unyango lwe-AML lwalungasebenzi kakuhle ngokuchasene nomhlaza kunye nokutshintsha kwe-FLT3. Kodwa amachiza amatsha ajolise ngokuthe ngqo kolu tshintsho aphucula imeko yabantu abanolu hlobo lwe-AML.

I-FLT3 iyichaphazela njani i-AML?

Uhlobo lwe-FLT3 lunceda ukulawula ukusinda kweseli kunye nokuzala kwakhona. Ukutshintsha kwemfuza kubangela ukuba iiseli zegazi ezingakhuli zande zingalawuleki.

Ngenxa yoko, abantu abane-FLT3 mutation banefom ecekeceke ye-AML. Isifo sabo kunokwenzeka ukuba sibuye, okanye sibuye umva, emva konyango. Banenqanaba lokuphila elisezantsi kunabantu ngaphandle koguquko.

Ziintoni iimpawu?

Iimpawu ze-AML zibandakanya:

• ukugruzuka okulula okanye ukopha
• impumlo
• iintsini ezophayo
• ukudinwa
• ubuthathaka
• ifiva
• ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ulusu oluthuthu

Ukuvavanya utshintsho lwe-FLT3

Ikholeji yamaAmerican Pathologists kunye neAmerican Society of Hematology bacebisa ukuba wonke umntu ofunyenwe ene-AML avavanyelwe i-FLT3 gene.

Ugqirha wakho uya kukuvavanya ngeendlela ezimbini:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Igazi lithathwa emthanjeni engalweni yakho lize lithunyelwe elebhu.
• Umnqweno wethambo: Inaliti ifakwa kwithambo lakho. Inaliti isusa inani elincinci lomongo wethambo.

Isampulu yegazi okanye umongo wethambo uyavavanywa ukuze ubone ukuba ngaba une-FLT3 kuguquka iiseli zakho zegazi. Olu vavanyo luya kubonisa ukuba ngaba ungumgqatswa olungileyo weziyobisi ezijolise ngqo kolu hlobo lwe-AML.

Unyango lokutshintsha kwe-FLT3

Kude kube kutshanje, abantu abane-FLT3 mutation babephathwa ikakhulu nge-chemotherapy, eyayingasebenzi kakuhle ekuphuculeni amazinga okusinda. Iqela elitsha leziyobisi elibizwa ngokuba yi-FLT3 inhibitors liphucula imeko yabantu abaguqukayo.

IMidostaurin (iRydapt) yayilichiza lokuqala elamkelweyo kwi-FLT3, kwaye ichiza lokuqala lokuqala lavunywa ukunyanga i-AML kwiminyaka engama-40. Oogqirha banika iRydapt kunye namachiza e-chemotherapy afana ne-cytarabine kunye ne-daunorubicin.

Uthatha iRydapt ngomlomo kabini ngemini. Isebenza ngokuthintela i-FLT3 kunye nezinye iiproteni kwiiseli zegazi ezibanceda bakhule.

Uphononongo lwabantu abayi-717 abane-gene ye-FLT3 epapashwe kwiThe New England Journal of Medicine bajonge iziphumo zonyango kunye neli chiza litsha. Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba ukongeza iRydapt kwi-chemotherapy ukusinda ixesha elide xa kuthelekiswa nonyango olungasebenziyo (i-placebo) kunye ne-chemotherapy.

Inqanaba lokusinda kweminyaka emine yayiyiipesenti ezingama-51 phakathi kwabantu abathathe iRydapt, xa kuthelekiswa ngaphezulu nje kweepesenti ezingama-44 kwiqela le-placebo. Ubude obude bokuphila babungaphezulu kweminyaka emithandathu kwiqela lonyango, kuthelekiswa ngaphezulu kweminyaka emibini kwiqela le-placebo.

I-Rydapt inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinje:

• umkhuhlane kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (febrile neutropenia)
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• izilonda okanye ububomvu emlonyeni
• intloko ebuhlungu
• iintlungu zemisipha okanye zethambo
• ukugruzuka
• impumlo
• amazinga aphezulu eswekile yegazi

Ugqirha wakho uyakukujonga ngeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngelixa ukule chiza, kwaye akunike unyango lokunceda ukulawula.

Ezinye ii-inhibitors ze-FLT3 zisekhona kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ukubona ukuba ziyasebenza na. Oku kubandakanya:

• crenolanib
• lwenzlib
• quizartinib

Abaphandi bafunda nokuba ukufakelwa kweseli ye-stem emva konyango nge-FLT3 inhibitor kunokunciphisa amathuba okuba umhlaza ubuye. Bakwajonga nokuba ingaba indibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo zamachiza zinokusebenza ngakumbi kusini na kubantu abanolu tshintsho.

Yise kude

Ukuba notshintsho lwe-FLT3 ukuba une-AML wayedla ngokuthetha ukuba neziphumo ezihlwempuzekileyo. Ngoku, iziyobisi ezinje ngeRydapt ziyanceda ukuphucula umbono. Amachiza amatsha kunye nokudityaniswa kwamachiza kunokonyusa ukusinda nangakumbi kwiminyaka ezayo.

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-AML, ugqirha wakho uya kuvavanya umhlaza wakho kwi-FLT3 kunye nolunye uguquko. Ukwazi kangangoko malunga nethumba lakho kuya kunceda ugqirha wakho afumane olona nyango lusebenzayo kuwe.