Ukopha ebuchotsheni: iimpawu, oonobangela kunye nokulandelelana okunokwenzeka

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Ngaba ukuphuma kwegazi lobuchopho kushiya i-sequelae?
• Unobangela wokopha ebuchotsheni
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Unyango njani
• Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zokuphuma kwegazi lobuchopho
• 1. Intraparenchymal okanye i-intracerebral hemorrhage
• 2. Ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi
• 3. Ukopha okungaphantsi kwesarachnoid
• 4. Ukopha okungaphantsi
• 5. Ukuphuma kwegazi kwi-Epidural

Ukopha ebuchotsheni luhlobo lwesifo (stroke), esibizwa ngokuba si-stroke, apho ukopha kwenzeka khona ngaphakathi okanye ngaphakathi kwengqondo ngenxa yokuqhekeka komthambo wegazi, ngesiqhelo umthambo wobuchopho. Funda kabanzi malunga nesifo esibuhlungu.

Sisiganeko esinzulu, esihlala sibangelwa kukubethwa entloko, kunokukhokelela umntu kwimeko yokungabikho zingqondweni nzulu, ukongeza kwisicaphucaphu, ukugabha, ukwehla kwentliziyo kunye nokulahleka kokulingana.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngovavanyo lweemifanekiso, ezinje ngecomputer tomography, magnetic resonance kunye angiography kunye okanye ngaphandle kokuthelekisa. Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha unokucela kwakhona i-lumbar puncture.

Unyango lokopha ebuchotsheni luhlala lutyandwa, kwaye ijolise ekususeni igazi kunye nehlwili ukunciphisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwengqondo olubangelwa kukopha.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu zokuphuma kwegazi lobuchopho zixhomekeke kubungakanani bokuphuma kwegazi kwaye zihlala zi:

• Intloko ebukhali kunye nequbulisayo enokuhlala iintsuku;
• Ubudenge okanye ukurhawuzelela kulo naliphi na ilungu lomzimba
• Ukuphalaza;
• Ukuphulukana nokulingana;
• Ukungcangcazela ezandleni;
• Ukuhla kwenqanaba lentliziyo;
• Ubuthathaka ngokubanzi;
• Ukudumba kwenxalenye ye-optic nerve, enokubangela umbono omnyama imizuzwana embalwa, ukwehla kwentsimi yombono okanye ukungaboni;

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, kunokuba nokubanjwa ngesiquphe ngesiquphe okanye ukulahleka okunzulu kunye nokuhlala ixesha elide kwengqondo apho umntu engakwaziyo ukuphendula kwisikhuthazo.

Ngaba ukuphuma kwegazi lobuchopho kushiya i-sequelae?

Emva kokuphuma kwegazi, abanye abantu banokuba ne-sequelae, njengobunzima bokuthetha, ukugwinya, ukuhamba, ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla okanye banokukhubazeka.

Ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela iimpawu zokuqala zokopha ebuchotsheni, kuya kufuneka uye kwagqirha kwangoko ukuze unyango luqale, njengoko ubungqongqo be-sequelae buxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokopha.

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela ukwenzeka kokopha ebuchotsheni kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukulandelelana kwayo, kukwenza imisebenzi yomzimba kwaye ube nokutya okunempilo kunye nokulinganisela, ukutya okunamafutha kunye netyuwa.

Unobangela wokopha ebuchotsheni

Esona sizathu siphambili sokuphuma kwegazi lobuchopho kukukhathazeka kwentloko, kodwa kusekho ezinye iimeko ezinokuthi zenze ukuphuma kwegazi, njenge:

• Uxinzelelo oluphezulu;
• Izinto zofuzo;
• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala;
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ezinje ngecocaine kunye neamphetamine;
• I-Amyloid angiopathy, kukudumba kwemithambo encinci kwingqondo;
• Izifo zegazi, ezinjenge-thrombocythemia kunye ne-hemophilia, ethintela inkqubo yokujiya;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwee-anticoagulants, kuba zithintela ukubola, ezinokuthi zenze ukuphuma kwegazi;
• Amathumba ebongo.

Esinye isizathu esiqhelekileyo sokopha ebuchotsheni yi-aneurysm, eyinto etyebileyo kwisitya segazi. Oku kwanda kubangela ukuba iindonga zale nqanawa zibhitye kwaye zibuthathaka, kwaye zingaphuka nanini na, ngokopha.

Olona phawu luqhelekileyo lwe-aneurysm yintloko. Abanye abantu baxela ukuba bashushu, ngokungathi kukho uhlobo oluthile lokuvuza. Funda ngakumbi malunga neempawu kunye nonyango lwe-aneurysm yecerebral.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngeemvavanyo zokucinga, ezinjenge-magnetic resonance, i-computed tomography kunye ne-angiography kunye okanye ngaphandle kokungafani.

Imagnetic resonance imaging ivumela ukubonwa kwe-edema ejikeleze isilonda kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kunokwenzeka ukuba wazi inqanaba lesilonda. I-tomography ekhompyutheni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibalulekile ukuze ugqirha ahlolisise ukuphuma kwegazi kwaye, ngoko ke, ahlule ukubetha kwesisu kwi-ischemic stroke. Jonga ukuba yintoni ebangela ukubetha kunye nendlela yokuyiphepha.

I-Angiography luvavanyo lokuchonga olwenza ukubonwa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, kunye nemilo, ubukho bokungalunganga kunye nokuchongwa kwe-aneurysm, umzekelo, inokuvavanywa. Qonda ukuba yenziwa njani kwaye yeyiphi i-angiography eyenzelweyo.

Abanye abantu abane-hemorrhage ye-cerebral, nangona kunjalo, babonisa iziphumo eziqhelekileyo kwi-MRI okanye kwi-computed tomography. Ke ngoko, ugqirha unokucela ukwenza i-lumbar punction, kukususa ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal kwithambo le-hip, ukuze kuvavanywe i-CSF, kuba kwi-cerebral hemorrhage kukho igazi kwi-CSF.

Unyango njani

Unyango lokopha ebuchotsheni luqhele ukwenziwa ngoqhaqho ukususa igazi kunye nehlwili kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwengqondo olubangelwa kukopha.

Ukongeza kotyando, unyango ngamayeza okulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuxhuzula kunye nosulelo olunokwenzeka kunokuboniswa ngugqirha. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, utofelo-gazi lusenokubonakaliswa.

Ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi emva kokuphuma kwegazi kwingqondo kunye nokuthintela ukwenzakala kubalulekile ukuya kunyangi womzimba okanye kwezonyango. Jonga ukuba kwenzeka njani emva kokubethwa sistroke.

Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zokuphuma kwegazi lobuchopho

Igazi eligqithisileyo liyacaphukisa izicwili zobuchopho kwaye likhokelela ekwenziweni kwe-edema, ekuluqokelelo lwamanzi. Igazi elininzi kunye nolwelo lonyusa uxinzelelo kwizicubu zobuchopho, ukunciphisa ukujikeleza kwegazi ngenkqubo yemithambo-luvo kwaye kubangele ukuba iiseli zobuchopho zife. Ukopha ebuchotsheni kunokuhlelwa ngokweendawo ezenzeka kwi:

1. Intraparenchymal okanye i-intracerebral hemorrhage

Olu hlobo lokopha kunokwenzeka ukuba lwenzeke kubantu abadala kwaye kulapho ukopha kungaphakathi kwengqondo. Olona hlobo lubi kakhulu, kodwa lolona luqhelekileyo kubemi. Ihlala ivela ngenxa yamathumba, ukuphazamiseka kwento ejiyayo kunye neenqanawa ezingalunganga.

2. Ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi

Ukopha okwenzeka ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwenzeka kwimithambo yentsungu ebuchotsheni, eziyimingxunya ebuchotsheni apho kwenzeka khona ulwelo lwecerebrospinal. Olu hlobo lokopha luhlala luvela kwiintsana ezisandula ukuzalwa, kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-48 emva kokuzalwa, kwaye ngubani obeneengxaki ezithile ekuzalweni, ezinje ngesifo sokuphefumla, apho usana luzalwa lunemiphunga engafakwanga, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nokuwa kwemiphunga, yingxaki yokuphefumla apho kungekho kwanele indawo yokuhamba. Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuwa kwemiphunga.

3. Ukopha okungaphantsi kwesarachnoid

Ukopha oku kudla ngokwenzeka ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm, kodwa kunokuba sisiphumo sokubethwa, kwaye kubonakala ngokuphuma kwegazi kwisithuba esiphakathi kwamanqanaba amabini e-meninges, i-arachnoid kunye ne-mater efanayo.

I-dura mater, i-arachnoid kunye ne-mater kwakhona ngamanqanaba e-meninges, aziimbumba ezihamba kunye nokukhusela inkqubo ye-nervous system. I-Subarachnoid hemorrhage ihlala ivela kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kuma-40 ubudala.

4. Ukopha okungaphantsi

Ukopha okungaphantsi kwendalo kwenzeka kwisithuba esiphakathi kwexesha lokuhlala kunye ne-arachnoid ye-meninges kwaye sesona sisiphumo siqhelekileyo soxinzelelo.

5. Ukuphuma kwegazi kwi-Epidural

Oku kuphuma kwegazi kwenzeka phakathi kwexesha kunye nokakayi kwaye kuqheleke kakhulu kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo ngenxa yokuqhekeka kokakayi.