Unobangela kunye nendlela yokunyanga i-neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

Umxholo

• Izizathu eziphambili
• 1. I-jaundice yomzimba
• 2. I-jaundice kubisi lwebele
• 3. Izifo zegazi
• 4. Izifo zesibindi
• Yenziwa njani ifototherapy

I-Hyperbilirubinemia yosana olusandul 'ukuzalwa okanye usana olusandula kuzalwa sisifo esivela kwiintsuku zokuqala zobomi bosana, sibangelwa kukuqokelelwa kwe-bilirubin egazini, kunye nokujika kwesikhumba kube tyheli.

Nawuphi na umntwana angakhula i-hyperbilirubinemia, oyena nobangela uphambili kukutshintsha komzimba ekusebenzeni kwesibindi, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, njenge-hemolytic anemia, izifo zesibindi, ezibangelwa zizifo okanye izifo zofuzo, okanye nangokuphendula ekuncanciseni. Jonga izizathu ze-bilirubin ephezulu kunye ne-jaundice kubantu abadala.

Ukunyamekela ukunciphisa inani le-bilirubin egazini kufuneka kuqalwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye unyango lwe-phototherapy lusetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye utofelo-gazi kunokuba yimfuneko, kwaye bacetyiswe ngugqirha wabantwana.

Izizathu eziphambili

I-jaundice yenzeka xa umntwana engakwazi ukuphelisa ngokufanelekileyo i-bilirubin, eveliswa yimetabolism yegazi, kuba, ngaphambi kokuzalwa, i-placenta yenze lo msebenzi. Oonobangela abaphambili be-hyperbilirubinemia esandula kuzalwa zezi:

1. I-jaundice yomzimba

Ngokwesiqhelo kwenzeka emva kweeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-36 zokuzalwa, lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-jaundice, njengoko isibindi somntwana singaphuhliswanga kakuhle kwaye kunokuba nobunzima ekuguqulweni nasekupheliseni i-bilirubin egazini nge-bile. Olu tshintsho luhlala lusombulula kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, ngonyango lwe-phototherapy kunye nokuvezwa lilanga.

• Unyango njani: I-phototherapy ngokukhanya kwe-fluorescent iluncedo ekunciphiseni inani le-bilirubin egazini. Kwiimeko ezincinci, ukubonakaliswa lilanga kunokwanela, kodwa kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, utofelo-gazi okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza, anjenge-phenobarbital, kunokuba yimfuneko ukufumana iziphumo ezingcono. Qonda ngcono ukuba unyango lwe-jaundice yomntwana olusandul 'ukuzalwa lunyangwa njani.

2. I-jaundice kubisi lwebele

Olu hlobo lokonyuka kwe-bilirubin lunokwenzeka malunga neentsuku ezili-10 emva kokuzalwa, kwezinye iintsana ezincancisayo kuphela, ngenxa yokunyuka kwamahomoni okanye izinto ezisegazini ezonyusa ukubuyiselwa kwe-bilirubin emathunjini kwaye kuthintele ukupheliswa kwayo, nangona kungenjalo Ukanti uyayazi eyona fomu.

• Unyango njani: Kwiimeko ze-jaundice ebaluleke ngakumbi, i-phototherapy inokwenziwa ukulawula amanqanaba egazi, kodwa ukuncancisa akufuneki kuphazanyiswe ngaphandle kokuba kuyalelwe ngugqirha wabantwana. Le jaundice inyamalala ngokwendalo malunga nenyanga yesibini okanye yesithathu yosana.

3. Izifo zegazi

Ezinye izifo zinokubangela ukuba umntwana aqokelele i-bilirubin, enje ngokutshintsha komzimba, okanye utshintsho kwimfuza, kwaye zinokuba nzima kwaye zivele kwiiyure zokuqala emva kokuzalwa. Ezinye izifo yi-spherocytosis, i-thalassemia okanye ukungahambelani kwegazi likamama, umzekelo, kodwa esona sifo sisifo se-hemolytic sosana olusandul 'ukuzalwa, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-fetal erythroblastosis.

• Unyango njani: Ukongeza kwi-phototherapy yokulawula isixa se-bilirubin egazini, unyango luhlala lwenziwa ngokutofelwa igazi kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, amayeza angenziwa ukulawula ukhuseleko.

4. Izifo zesibindi

Usana lunokuzalwa lunotshintsho ekusebenzeni kwesibindi, ngenxa yoonobangela abaliqela, njengokukhubazeka kwe-bile, i-cystic fibrosis, i-rubella yokuzalwa, isifo se-hypothyroidism, usulelo lweentsholongwane okanye ibacteria, okanye ii-syndromes zemfuza, ezinje ngeCrigler-Najjar syndrome, Gilber kunye nesifo seGaucher, umzekelo.

• Unyango njani: Ukulawula i-hyperbilirubinemia yegazi, kunye ne-phototherapy, unyango luyathathwa ukuphucula isifo esibangele ukwanda kwe-bilirubin, njengonyango losulelo lwe-antibiotics, utyando ukulungisa ukungalunganga kwesibindi okanye ukutshintshwa kwehomoni kwi-hypothyroidism, umzekelo.

Unyango lokunciphisa ukwanda komzimba kwe-bilirubin, ngakumbi i-phototherapy, kufuneka lwenziwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokufumanisa utshintsho, njengoko i-bilirubin egqithisileyo emzimbeni wosana inokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu, ezinje ngetyhefu yobuchopho eyaziwa ngokuba yi-kernicterus, ebangela isithulu, ukuxhuzula, ikhoma kunye ukufa.

Yenziwa njani ifototherapy

I-Phototherapy ibandakanya ukushiya umntwana evezwe kukukhanya kwe-fluorescent, ihlala iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iiyure ezimbalwa, yonke imihla, kude kube kuphuculo. Ukuze unyango lusebenze, ulusu lomntwana kufuneka lutyhileke ekukhanyeni, kodwa amehlo akufuneki avezwe, ke ilaphu elikhethekileyo okanye iiglasi ziyagqunywa.

Ukukhanya kungena kulusu kukhuthaza ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nokupheliswa kwe-bilirubin nge-bile, ebangela ukuba i-jaundice kunye nombala otyheli unyamalale kancinci kancinci.

Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yenziwa njani kunye nezinye izinto ezibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwefototherapy.