Unokulinika kaninzi kangakanani igazi?

Umxholo

• Unikela kangaphi ngegazi?
• Isishwankathelo
• Ngaba amanye amayeza anokuchaphazela ukuba unokunika igazi kangaphi?
• Ngaba ukhona umntu onokunikela?
• Yintoni ongayenza ukulungiselela umnikelo wegazi?
• Hlanganisa amanzi
• Yitya kakuhle
• Yintoni onokuyilindela xa unikela ngegazi
• Ixesha lexesha kwezinye iintlobo zeminikelo yegazi
• Kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuzalisa igazi olinike ngalo?
• Umgca wezantsi

Ukugcina ubomi kunokuba lula njengokunikela ngegazi. Yindlela elula, engenabugovu, kwaye engenabuhlungu yokunceda uluntu lwakho okanye amaxhoba entlekele kwenye indawo kude nekhaya.

Ukuba ngumnikeli wegazi kunokuba luncedo nakuwe. Ngokwe-Mental Health Foundation, ngokunceda abanye, ukunikela ngegazi kunokunceda impilo yakho yomzimba kunye neemvakalelo.

Umbuzo omnye odla ngokuvela ngulo, unganikela kangaphi ngegazi? Ngaba unokunika igazi ukuba awuziva mnandi okanye ukuba unamayeza athile? Funda ukuze ufumane iimpendulo kule mibuzo nangaphezulu.

Unikela kangaphi ngegazi?

Kukho iindidi ezine zeminikelo yegazi, kwaye nganye inemithetho yayo eya kubaxhasi.

Iindidi zeminikelo zezi:

• igazi liphela, lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomnikelo wegazi
• iplasma
• iiplatelets
• iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ekwabizwa ngokuba ngumnikelo weseli ebomvu kabini

Igazi elipheleleyo ngowona mnikelo ulula nosebenza ngeendlela ezininzi. Igazi elipheleleyo lineeseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets zonke zixhonywe kulwelo olubizwa ngokuba yiplasma. Ngokutsho kweAmerican Red Cross, uninzi lwabantu lunokunikela ngegazi elipheleleyo rhoqo kwiintsuku ezingama-56.

Ukunikela ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi-icandelo eliphambili legazi elisetyenziselwa ukonyuka kwemveliso yegazi ngexesha lotyando- uninzi lwabantu kufuneka lulinde iintsuku ezingama-112 phakathi kweminikelo. Olu hlobo lomnikelo wegazi alunakwenziwa ngaphezulu kwesithathu kathathu ngonyaka.

Abaxhasi abangamadoda abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 banokunikela ngeeseli ezibomvu kuphela kabini ngonyaka.

Iiplatelets iiseli ezinceda ukwenza amahlwili egazi kunye nokulawula ukopha. Abantu banakho ukunikela ngeeplatelets kube kanye kwiintsuku ezisi-7, ukuya kuthi ga kumaxesha angama-24 ngonyaka.

Iminikelo yePlasma kuphela inokwenziwa kanye kwiintsuku ezingama-28, ukuya kuthi ga kumaxesha ali-13 ngonyaka.

Isishwankathelo

• Uninzi lwabantu lunokunikela ngegazi elipheleleyo rhoqo kwiintsuku ezingama-56. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomnikelo wegazi.
• Uninzi lwabantu lunokunikela ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi rhoqo kwiintsuku ezili-112.
• Ngokwesiqhelo unokunikela ngeeplatelets kube kanye emva kweentsuku ezisi-7, ukuya kuthi ga kumaxesha angama-24 ngonyaka.
• Ngokwesiqhelo unokunikela ngeplasma rhoqo ngeentsuku ezingama-28, ukuya kuthi ga kumaxesha ali-13 ngonyaka.
• Ukuba unika iindidi ezininzi zegazi, oku kuya kulithoba inani leminikelo onokuthi uyinike ngonyaka.

Ngaba amanye amayeza anokuchaphazela ukuba unokunika igazi kangaphi?

Amayeza athile anokukwenza ungafaneleki ukuba unikele, ngokusisigxina okanye kwixesha elifutshane. Umzekelo, ukuba ngoku uthatha ii-antibiotics, awunakunikela ngegazi. Nje ukuba ugqibe ikhosi ye-antibiotics, unokulungela ukunikela.

Olu luhlu lulandelayo lwamayeza lunokukwenza ungakufanelekeli ukunikela ngegazi, kuxhomekeke kwindlela obathathe ngayo kutshanje. Olu luluhlu kuphela lwamayeza anokuchaphazela ukufaneleka kwakho komnikelo:

• abacoci gazi, kubandakanya i-antiplatelet kunye ne-anticoagulant drug
• iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane ukunyanga usulelo olusebenzayo
• unyango lwamabala, ezinje nge-isotretinoin (Accutane)
• ukulahleka kweenwele kunye namayeza e-prostatic hypertrophy amayeza, ezinje nge-finasteride (Propecia, Proscar)
• isiseko somhlaza wesifo somhlaza wolusu, ezinje nge-vismodegib (i-Erivedge) kunye ne-sonidegib (i-Odomzo)
• amayeza Psoriasis ngomlomo, ezinje ngeacitretin (Soriatane)
• amayeza e-rheumatoid arthritis, ezinje nge-leflunomide (Arava)

Xa ubhalisela umnikelo wegazi, qiniseka ukuba uxoxa ngawo nawaphi na amayeza onokuthi uwathathe kwiintsuku, kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo.

Ngaba ukhona umntu onokunikela?

Ngokwe-American Red Cross, kukho iindlela ezithile ngokubhekisele kulowo unokunikela ngegazi.

• Kwindawo ezininzi, kufuneka ubuncinci ube neminyaka eli-17 ubudala ukunikela ngeeplatelets okanye iplasma kwaye ubuncinci uneminyaka eli-16 ubudala ukuze unikele ngegazi elipheleleyo. Abanikeli abancinci banokufaneleka kumazwe athile ukuba banayo ifom yokuvuma yabazali esayiniweyo. Akukho mda ungaphezulu.
• Kwezi ntlobo zingasentla zeminikelo, kufuneka ubenobunzima obuziikhilogram ezili-110 ubuncinci.
• Kuya kufuneka uzive uphilile, kungekho zimpawu zibandayo okanye zomkhuhlane.
• Kuya kufuneka ukhululeke nakuphi na ukusika okanye amanxeba avulekileyo.

Abaxhasi beeseli ezibomvu zegazi bahlala benemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo.

• Abaxhasi abangamadoda kufuneka babe neminyaka eli-17 ubuncinci; akukho mfutshane kuneenyawo ezintlanu, i-intshi enye ubude; kwaye ubuncinane ubunzima beepawundi ezili-130.
• Abaxhasi ababhinqileyo kufuneka babe neminyaka eli-19 ubudala ubuncinci; akukho mfutshane kuneenyawo ezintlanu, ii-intshi ezintlanu ubude; kwaye ubunzima beepawundi ezili-150 ubuncinci.

Abafazi bathambekele ekubeni namanqanaba asezantsi egazi kunamadoda, anika umahluko osekwe kwisini kwizikhokelo zomnikelo.

Kukho iindlela ezithile ezinokukwenza ungakufanelekeli ukunikela ngegazi, nokuba uyahlangabezana nobudala, ubude, kunye neemfuno zobunzima. Kwezinye iimeko, nangona kunjalo, unokufanelekela ukuba unikele kamva.

Awunakho ukunikela ngegazi ukuba ngaba oku kulandelayo kuyasebenza kuwe:

• Ingqele okanye umkhuhlane iimpawu. Kuya kufuneka uzive uphilile kwaye usempilweni ukuze unikele.
• Iitattoos okanye ukugqobhozaezingaphantsi konyaka ubudala. Ukuba une tattoo endala okanye ugqobhoza kwaye usempilweni, unokukwazi ukunikela. Inkxalabo sisifo esinokubakho ngenaliti okanye ngentsimbi enxibelelana negazi lakho.
• Ukukhulelwa. Kuya kufuneka ulinde iiveki ezi-6 emva kokubeleka ukuze unikezele ngegazi. Oku kubandakanya ukuphuma kwesisu okanye ukukhupha isisu.
• Ukuya kumazwe anobungozi obuphezulu be-malaria. Nangona ukuhamba kwelinye ilizwe kungazenzi ngokungafanelekanga, kukho izithintelo ekufuneka uxoxe ngazo neziko lakho lokunikela ngegazi.
• Intsholongwane ye-hepatitis, i-HIV, okanye ezinye ii-STD. Awungekhe unikele xa uvavanyiwe ufumanekile une-HIV, ufunyaniswe une-hepatitis B okanye u-C, okanye wanyangwa i-syphilis okanye i-gonorrhea kunyaka ophelileyo.
• Ukwabelana ngesondo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Awunakunikela ukuba utofile iziyobisi ezingamiselwanga ngugqirha okanye ukuba uye wabelana ngesondo ngemali okanye iziyobisi.

Yintoni ongayenza ukulungiselela umnikelo wegazi?

Ukunikela ngegazi yinkqubo elula nekhuselekileyo, kodwa kukho amanyathelo ambalwa onokuwathatha ukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wazo naziphi na iingxaki.

Hlanganisa amanzi

Kulula ukuziva uphelelwe ngamanzi emva kokunikela, ngoko sela amanzi amaninzi okanye olunye ulwelo (hayi utywala) ngaphambi nasemva kokunikela ngegazi.

Yitya kakuhle

Ukutya ukutya okunotye ngentsimbi kunye nevithamini C ngaphambi kokuba unikele kuya kunceda ukwehla kwamanqanaba entsimbi anokwenzeka ngomnikelo wegazi.

I-Vitamin C inokunceda umzimba wakho uthathe i-iron-based iron from food from such as:

• iimbotyi neelentile
• amandongomane nembewu
• Imifuno eluhlaza, njengesipinatshi, i-broccoli, kunye neekhola
• iitapile
• tofu kunye neembotyi zesoya

Inyama, iinkukhu, iintlanzi kunye namaqanda nazo zine-iron eninzi.

Imithombo elungileyo yevithamini C ibandakanya:

• uninzi lweziqhamo zesitrasi
• iintlobo ezininzi zamajikijolo
• iivatala
• mnyama, imifuno eluhlaza eluhlaza

Yintoni onokuyilindela xa unikela ngegazi

Kuthatha kuphela malunga nemizuzu eli-10 ukunikela ngeponti yegazi elipheleleyo- umnikelo oqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa usenza ubhaliso kunye novavanyo, kunye nexesha lokubuyisa, yonke inkqubo inokuthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-45 ukuya kwengama-60.

Kwiziko lokunikela ngegazi, kuyakufuneka ubonise ifom yesazisi. Emva koko, kuya kufuneka ugcwalise iphepha lemibuzo ngolwazi lwakho lomntu siqu. Eli phepha lemibuzo liya kufuna ukwazi malunga nele:

• imbali yezonyango kunye neyempilo
• amayeza
• ukuya kumazwe angaphandle
• umsebenzi wesondo
• nakuphi na ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi

Uya kunikwa ulwazi malunga nokunikela ngegazi kwaye uya kuba nethuba lokuthetha nomntu okwiziko malunga nokufaneleka komnikelo wakho kunye nento onokuyilindela.

Ukuba uvumelekile ukuba unikele ngegazi, ubushushu bakho, uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukubetha kwentliziyo, kunye namanqanaba ehemoglobin aya kujongwa. IHemoglobin yiprotein yegazi ethwala ioksijini kwizitho zakho nakwizicubu zomzimba.

Phambi kokuba umnikelo uqalise, inxenye yengalo yakho, apho igazi liya kuthathwa khona, iya kucocwa kwaye kubulawe inzalo. Inaliti entsha engenazintsholongwane iya kuthi emva koko ifakwe emthanjeni engalweni yakho, kwaye igazi liya kuqala ukuhamba liye kwingxowa yokuqokelela.

Ngelixa utsalwa igazi lakho, ungakhululeka. Amanye amaziko egazi abonisa iimuvi okanye umabonwakude odlala ukukugcina uphazamiseka.

Nje ukuba igazi lakho litsaliwe, ibhandeji encinci kunye nokunxiba kuya kubekwa engalweni yakho. Uya kuphumla malunga nemizuzu eli-15 kwaye unikwe ukutya okulula okanye into eselwayo, emva koko uya kukhululeka uhambe.

Ixesha lexesha kwezinye iintlobo zeminikelo yegazi

Ukunikela ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iplasma, okanye iiplatelets kunokuthatha imizuzu engama-90 ukuya kwiiyure ezi-3.

Ngexesha lale nkqubo, ekubeni inye kuphela into esuswe egazini ukuze inikelwe, ezinye izinto kuya kufuneka zibuyiselwe kwigazi lakho emva kokuba zahlulwe kumatshini.

Iminikelo yePlatelet iya kufuna ukuba inaliti ibekwe kuzo zombini iingalo ukufezekisa oku.

Kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuzalisa igazi olinike ngalo?

Ixesha elithathayo ukuzalisa igazi elivela kwigazi linokwahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ubudala bakho, ubude, ubunzima, kunye nempilo ngokubanzi konke kudlala indima.

Ngokomnqamlezo obomvu waseMelika, iplasma izaliswa kwakhona kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24, ngelixa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibuyela kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo kwisithuba seeveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6.

Kungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka ulinde phakathi kweminikelo yegazi. Ixesha lokulinda linceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umzimba wakho unexesha elaneleyo lokuzalisa iplasma, iiplatelets, kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi ngaphambi kokuba wenze omnye umnikelo.

Umgca wezantsi

Ukunikela ngegazi yindlela elula yokunceda abanye kwaye mhlawumbi kusindisa nobomi. Uninzi lwabantu abasempilweni entle, ngaphandle kwengozi, banokunikela ngegazi elipheleleyo rhoqo kwiintsuku ezingama-56.

Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba ukulungele na ukunikela ngegazi, thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo okanye qhagamshelana neziko lokunikela ngegazi ukuze ufunde okungakumbi. Iziko lakho lendawo yokunikela ngegazi linokukuxelela ukuba iintlobo ezithile zegazi zifunwa kakhulu.