Uhlobo lwe-2 lweSwekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Luthini unxibelelwano?

Umxholo

• Luphezulu nini uxinzelelo lwegazi?
• Imiba yomngcipheko woxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu nesifo seswekile
• Ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• Ukuthintela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu neswekile
• Ukutya okunempilo
  
• Ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu neswekile

Ushwankathelo

Uxinzelelo lwegazi, okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi, yimeko ebonwa kubantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2. Ayaziwa ukuba kutheni kukho ubudlelwane obubalulekileyo phakathi kwezi zifo zimbini. Kukholelwa ukuba oku kulandelayo kunegalelo kuzo zombini ezi meko:

• ukutyeba kakhulu
• ukutya okunamafutha nesodium
• ukudumba okungapheliyo
• ukungasebenzi

Uxinzelelo lwegazi lwaziwa ngokuba "ngumbulali ongathethiyo" kuba kaninzi alunazo iimpawu ezibonakalayo kwaye abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba banalo. Uphando olwenziwe ngo-2013 nguMbutho weSifo seSwekile saseMelika (i-ADA) lufumanise ukuba abangaphantsi kwesiqingatha sabantu abasemngciphekweni wesifo sentliziyo okanye udidi lwesibini lweswekile oluchaze ukuba baxoxa ngama-biomarkers, kubandakanya noxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nababoneleli babo.

Luphezulu nini uxinzelelo lwegazi?

Ukuba unoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba igazi lakho liyapompa ngentliziyo nakwimithambo yegazi ngamandla amakhulu. Ixesha elingaphezulu, rhoqo uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luyadinisa imisipha yentliziyo kwaye inokuyandisa. Ngo-2008, iipesenti ezingama-67 zabantu abadala baseMelika abaneminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu abane-self-ingxelo yeswekile babenamanqanaba oxinzelelo lwegazi awayengaphezulu kwe-140/90 yeemilimitha zemekyuri (mm Hg).

Kubantu ngokubanzi nakubantu abanesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi lokufunda ngaphantsi kwe-120/80 mm Hg ithathwa njengesiqhelo.

Ithetha ntoni le nto? Inombolo yokuqala (120) ibizwa ngokuba luxinzelelo lwe-systolic. Ibonisa olona xinzelelo luphezulu lubakho njengoko igazi lityhala entliziyweni yakho. Inombolo yesibini (80) ibizwa ngokuba luxinzelelo lwe-diastolic. Olu luxinzelelo olugcinwe yimithambo xa iinqanawa zikhululekile phakathi kokubetha kwentliziyo.

Ngokwe-American Heart Association (AHA), abantu abasempilweni ngaphezulu kwe-20 abanengcinezelo yegazi engaphantsi kwe-120/80 kufuneka bavavanywe uxinzelelo lwegazi kube kanye kwiminyaka emibini. Abantu abanesifo seswekile kufuneka baphaphe ngakumbi.

Ukuba unesifo seswekile, ugqirha unokujonga uxinzelelo lwegazi ubuncinci amaxesha amane ngonyaka. Ukuba unesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi, i-ADA icebisa ukuba uzihlole ngokwakho ekhaya, urekhode ukufundwa, kwaye wabelane ngazo nogqirha wakho.

Imiba yomngcipheko woxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu nesifo seswekile

Ngokuka-ADA, ukudityaniswa koxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nohlobo lwesibini lweswekile kuyabulala kwaye kunokubangela umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sentliziyo okanye ukubetha. Ukuba nohlobo lwe-2 lweswekile kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi kukonyusa amathuba akho okuba uphuhlise ezinye izifo ezinxulumene neswekile, ezinjengesifo sezintso kunye ne-retinopathy. Ukubona isifo seswekile kungabangela ubumfama.

Kukho ubungqina obubalulekileyo bokubonisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungapheliyo lunokukhawulezisa ukufika kweengxaki ngesakhono sokucinga ezinxulumene nokwaluphala, ezinje ngesifo se-Alzheimer kunye nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ngokwe-AHA, imithambo yegazi esengqondweni ichaphazeleka ikakhulu kumonakalo ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwegazi. Oku kuyenza ibe ngumngcipheko omkhulu wokubetha kunye nokuwohloka kwengqondo.

Isifo seswekile esingalawulwayo ayisiyiyo kuphela imeko yempilo eyonyusa umngcipheko kuxinzelelo lwegazi. Khumbula, amathuba akho okuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo okanye ukubetha ngesibetho ukunyuka okukhulu xa unezinto ezingaphezulu kwesinye kwezi zilandelayo:

• Imbali yosapho yesifo sentliziyo
• ukutya okunamafutha aphezulu, ukutya okunesodiyam ephezulu
• ukuhlala phantsi
• cholesterol ephezulu
• ukwaluphala
• ukutyeba kakhulu
• umkhwa wangoku wokutshaya
• utywala kakhulu
• izifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo sezintso, isifo sikashukela, okanye i-apnea yokulala

Ngexesha lokukhulelwa

An ibonakalisile ukuba abasetyhini abanesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa kunokwenzeka ukuba babe noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, abasetyhini abalawula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa abanakufane bafumane uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ukuba uhlakulela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga amanqanaba akho eeprotein yomchamo. Amanqanaba aphezulu eeprotein yomchamo angangumqondiso wepreeclampsia. Olu luhlobo loxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ezinye izinto ezimakishayo egazini zinokukhokelela kwisifo. Oku kumakisha kubandakanya:

• ii-enzymes zesibindi ezingaqhelekanga
• umsebenzi wezintso ongaqhelekanga
• ubalo lweplatelet ephantsi

Ukuthintela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu neswekile

Zininzi iindlela zokutshintsha ezinokuhlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Phantse zonke ziyindlela yokutya, kodwa imithambo yemihla ngemihla iyacetyiswa. Uninzi loogqirha bacebisa ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kuma-40 imihla ngemihla, kodwa nayiphi na into eyenziwa yi-aerobic ingenza intliziyo yakho iphile.

I-AHA icebisa ubuncinci nokuba:

• Imizuzu engama-150 ngeveki yokuzivocavoca ngamandla
• Imizuzu engama-75 ngeveki yokuzilolonga ngamandla
• indibaniselwano yomsebenzi omodareyithayo nonamandla veki nganye

Ukongeza ekwehliseni uxinzelelo lwegazi, umsebenzi womzimba womeleza imisipha yentliziyo. Inokunciphisa ukuqina kobunzima. Oku kwenzeka njengabantu abadala, kodwa kuhlala kukhawuleziswa luhlobo 2 lweswekile. Ukuzilolonga kunokukunceda ufumane ulawulo olungcono kumanqanaba eswekile yegazi lakho.

Sebenza ngqo nogqirha wakho ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokuzilolonga. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba:

• khange ndenze mithambo ngaphambili
• bazama ukusebenzela into enzima ngakumbi
• unengxaki yokuhlangabezana neenjongo zakho

Qala ngemizuzu emihlanu yokuhamba ngokukhawuleza yonke imihla kwaye uyonyuse ngokuhamba kwexesha. Thatha izinyuko endaweni yesinyusi, okanye upake imoto yakho kude nomnyango wevenkile.

Unokuba uqhelene nesidingo sokuphucula imikhwa yokutya, njengokunciphisa iswekile kwindlela otya ngayo. Kodwa ukutya okunesondlo kwentliziyo kukwathetha ukunciphisa:

• ityuwa
• inyama enamafutha aphezulu
• iimveliso zobisi ezinamafutha onke

Ngokwe-ADA, zininzi iindlela zokutya onokukhetha kuzo kubantu abanesifo seswekile. Ukhetho olusempilweni olunokugcinwa ngaphezulu kobomi bakho luphumelele kakhulu. I-DASH (iindlela zokutya zokumisa uxinzelelo lwegazi) sisicwangciso esinye sokutya esenzelwe ngokukodwa ukunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Zama ezi ngcebiso ziphefumlelweyo ze-DASH zokuphucula ukutya okuqhelekileyo kwaseMelika:

Ukutya okunempilo

• Gcwalisa ngeenkonzo ezininzi zemifuno imini yonke.
• Tshintshela kwiimveliso zobisi ezinamafutha asezantsi.
• Nciphisa ukutya okwenziweyo. Qiniseka ukuba ziqulathe ngaphantsi kwe-140 milligrams (mg) yesodium ngokusebenza okanye i-400-600 mg ngokutya.
• Nciphisa itafile yetyuwa.
• Khetha inyama engenamafutha, intlanzi, okanye inyama.
• Pheka usebenzisa iindlela ezinamafutha asezantsi njengokugrosa, ukujija kunye nokubhaka.
• Kuphephe ukutya okuqhotsiweyo.
• Yitya isiqhamo esitsha.
• Yitya ukutya okupheleleyo, okungasetyenziswanga.
• Tshintshela kwirayisi emdaka kunye nepastas yengqolowa kunye nezonka.
• Yitya ukutya okuncinci.
• Tshintshela kwi-9-intshi yokutya.

Ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu neswekile

Ngelixa abanye abantu benokuphucula uhlobo lwesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, uninzi lufuna amayeza. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimpilo yabo iyonke, abanye abantu banokufuna amayeza angaphezu kwelinye ukunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi. Uninzi lwamayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi luwela kwelinye lala mahlelo:

• i-angiotensin-eguqula i-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
• ii-angiotensin II receptor blockers (ii-ARBs)
• beta-iibhlokhi
• iicalcium block blockers
• womchamo

Amanye amayeza avelisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ke gcina indlela oziva ngayo. Qiniseka ukuba uyaxoxa ngezinye iziyobisi ozithathayo nogqirha wakho.