Insect Sting Allergy Amagqabantshintshi

Umxholo

• Ukunyangeka komzimba kwi-insect sting
• Yintoni i-allergen reaction?
• Zeziphi izinambuzane ezibangela ukungadibani nezinto ezithile?
• Inzulu kangakanani impendulo yokungavumi?
• Umbono wexesha elide

Ukunyangeka komzimba kwi-insect sting

Uninzi lwabantu olufunyanwa sisinambuzane lusabela kancinci. Oku kunokubandakanya ukubabomvu, ukudumba, okanye ukurhawuzelela kwindawo yokuhlaba. Oku kudla ngokudlula ngeeyure. Kwabanye abantu, nangona kunjalo, ukubethelwa sisinambuzane kunokubangela ukusabela ngokuqatha okanye ukufa. E-United States, phakathi kwe-90-100 stings ngonyaka kukhokelela ekufeni.

Yintoni i-allergen reaction?

Amajoni akho omzimba aphendula kwizinto ezingaqhelekanga ezineeseli ezinokubona umhlaseli othile. Elinye icandelo lale nkqubo ngamagciwane. Bavumela amajoni omzimba ukuba aqaphele izinto ezingaqhelekanga, kwaye adlale indima ekuzisuseni. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeentsholongwane, nganye inendima ethile. Enye yezi zinto zincinci, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-immunoglobulin E (IgE), inxulunyaniswa nokukhula kokungalungelelani komzimba.

Ukuba une-aleji, amajoni akho omzimba ayakhuthazeka kakhulu kwizinto ezithile. Amajoni akho omzimba ayaziphosisa ezi zinto kubahlaseli. Kwindlela yokuphendula kolu phawu luphosakeleyo, amajoni omzimba avelisa ii-antibodies ze-IgE ezikhethekileyo kwinto leyo.

Ngethuba lokuqala umntu onobungozi bezinambuzane, i-immune system inokuvelisa inani elincinci le-IgE le-antibodies elijoliswe kwi-venom. Ukuba uphinde walunywa luhlobo olunye lwesinambuzane, impendulo ye-IgE antibody ikhawuleza kakhulu kwaye inamandla. Impendulo ye-IgE ikhokelela ekukhululweni kwe-histamine kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezivuthayo ezibangela iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba.

Zeziphi izinambuzane ezibangela ukungadibani nezinto ezithile?

Zintathu iintsapho zezinambuzane ezibangela ukungavumi. Zezi:

• I-vespids (iVespidae): iibhatyi ezityheli, oonomeva, oonomeva
• iinyosi (Apidae): iinyosi zobusi, ii-bumblebees (ngamanye amaxesha), iinyosi ezijulileyo (ezixhaphakileyo)
• Iimbovane (Formicidae): Iimbovane zomlilo (zihlala zibangela i-anaphylaxis), iimbovane zokuvuna (isizathu esingaqhelekanga se-anaphylaxis)

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukulunywa kwezi zinambuzane zilandelayo kunokubangela i-anaphylaxis:

• iingcongconi
• iirhorhoi zebhedi
• ukuncamisa iibhugi
• Iinyamakazi ziyabhabha

Inzulu kangakanani impendulo yokungavumi?

Uninzi lwexesha, iimpendulo ezichaseneyo zipholile, kunye neempawu zalapha ekhaya ezinokuthi zibandakanye irhashalala okanye urticaria, ukurhawuzelela, okanye ukudumba.

Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona kunjalo, i-insect sting inokuvelisa ukuphendula okungathí sina okubizwa ngokuba yi-anaphylaxis. I-Anaphylaxis yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango apho ukuphefumla kunokuba nzima kwaye uxinzelelo lwegazi lunokwehla ngokuyingozi. Ngaphandle konyango olufanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza, ukufa sisiphumo esivela kwisiqendu se-anaphylaxis.

Umbono wexesha elide

Ukuba uye waphendulwa kukunganyangeki kwizinambuzane, unethuba elikhulu lokuba nempendulo efanayo okanye ethe kratya xa uthe waphinde walunywa luhlobo olunye lwesinambuzane. Eyona ndlela yokuthintela ukuphendula okungafunekiyo, ewe, kukuphepha ukubethelwa. Iingcebiso zokuphepha ukubanjwa zibandakanya:

• Yiba nemingxunya kunye neendlwane ezisuswe ekhayeni nakwiyadi yakho.
• Nxiba impahla yokukhusela xa ungaphandle.
• Kuphephe ukunxiba imibala eqaqambileyo kunye neziqholo ezomeleleyo xa ungaphandle apho kusenokubakho izinambuzane.
• Lumka xa usitya ngaphandle. Izinambuzane zitsalwa livumba lokutya.

Ukuba ubukhe wanengxaki engalunganga emzimbeni kwixa elidlulileyo, kuya kufuneka unxibe isacholo sonyango esichazayo kwaye uphathe i-epinephrine auto-injection kit.