Ngaba i-HIV idluliselwa ngokokuncamisa? Oko Ufanele Ukwazi

Umxholo

• Ingasasazeki njani i-HIV
• Ukuphuza
• Ngomoya
• Ukuxhawulana
• Ukwabelana ngezindlu zangasese okanye iibhafu
• Ukwabelana ngokutya okanye iziselo
• Ngokubila
• Ukusuka kwizinambuzane okanye kwizilwanyana zasekhaya
• Ngamathe
• Umchamo
• Igazi elomileyo okanye amadlozi
• Isasazeka njani i-HIV
• Umgca wezantsi

Ushwankathelo

Kukho iingcamango ezininzi eziphosakeleyo malunga nendlela i-HIV idluliselwa ngayo, ngoko makhe sibeke irekhodi ngqo.

Le ntsholongwane ihlasela amajoni omzimba. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo iyosulela, kodwa uninzi lwemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla ayibeki mngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HIV.

Lulwelo oluthile lomzimba kuphela-igazi, amadlozi, ubufazi belungu, ubumanzi belungu, kunye nobisi lwebele- olunokusasaza i-HIV. Ayikwazi ukuhanjiswa ngamathe, ukubila, ulusu, ilindle, okanye umchamo.

Ke, akukho bungozi bokufumana i-HIV kunxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo lwasentlalweni, njengokuncamisana komlomo ovaliweyo, ukuxhawula izandla, ukusela iziselo, okanye ukuwola ngenxa yokuba ulwelo lomzimba alutshintshiswanga ngexesha lale misebenzi.

Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokusasazeka kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo kungokwabelana ngesondo, kubandakanya isondo lomlomo nelangasese, elingakhuselwanga ziikhondom.

INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​ingasasazeka ngokwabelana ngenaliti kunye nokusebenzisa igazi eline-HIV.

Abantu abakhulelweyo abane-HIV banokudlulisela intsholongwane emntwaneni wabo ngexa lokukhulelwa, ukubeleka kunye nokuncancisa. Kodwa abantu abaninzi abaphila ne-HIV bayakwazi ukuba neentsana ezisempilweni, ezingenayo i-HIV ngokufumana ukhathalelo olulungileyo lwaphambi kokubeleka.

Ingasasazeki njani i-HIV

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ayifani nentsholongwane ebandayo okanye yomkhuhlane. Ingadluliselwa kuphela xa ulwelo oluthile oluvela kumntu one-HIV ludlulela ngqo egazini okanye kwiimbumba zomntu ongenayo i-HIV.

Iinyembezi, amathe, ukubila, kunye nokunxibelelana kolusu kolusu akunakosulela i-HIV.

Akukho mfuneko yokoyika ukufumana i-HIV kuyo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo.

Ukuphuza

Amathe aphethe imizila yentsholongwane, kodwa oku akuthathwa njengenobungozi. Amathe anee-enzymes ezidiliza intsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba zibe nethuba lokusasazeka. Ukuphuzana, nokuba "ngumFrentshi" okanye ukwanga umlomo kuvulekile, ngekhe kusasaze i-HIV.

Igazi, nangona kunjalo, liphethe i-HIV. Kwimeko enqabileyo yokuba umntu one-HIV abe negazi emlonyeni wakhe- kwaye umntu ofumana umlomo ophukileyo unenxeba elophayo nasemlonyeni (njengokuphuma kweentsini, ukusika, okanye izilonda ezivulekileyo) - okuvulekileyo- ukuncamisa umlomo kungakhokelela ekusasazeni intsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, kukho kuphela oku kwenzekayo, kwaxelwa kwiminyaka yoo-1990.

Ngomoya

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ayinwenwanga emoyeni njengentsholongwane ebandayo okanye yomkhuhlane. Ke, i-HIV ayinakosasazeka ukuba umntu one-HIV uyathimla, akhohlele, ahleke, okanye aphefumle kufutshane.

Ukuxhawulana

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ayihlali kulusu lomntu one-HIV kwaye ayinakuphila ixesha elide ngaphandle komzimba. Ukuxhawula isandla somntu one-HIV akusayi kuyisasaza intsholongwane.

Ukwabelana ngezindlu zangasese okanye iibhafu

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ayinwenwanga ngomchamo okanye ilindle, ukubila, okanye ulusu. Ukwabelana ngendlu yangasese okanye ibhafu nomntu one-HIV akubi sengozini yokosulela. Ukwabelana ngamachibi okudada, ii-sauna, okanye iibhafu ezishushu kunye nomntu one-HIV kukhuselekile.

Ukwabelana ngokutya okanye iziselo

Kuba i-HIV ayisasazwa ngamathe, ukwabelana ngokutya okanye iziselo, kubandakanya nemithombo yamanzi, ngekhe kuyisasaze intsholongwane. Nokuba ukutya kunegazi eline-HIV kuwo, ukuvezwa komoya, amathe, kunye nesisu esiswini kungayitshabalalisa intsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba idluliselwe.

Ngokubila

Ukubila akuyidlulisi i-HIV. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ayinakosasazeka ngokuchukumisa ulusu okanye ukubila komntu one-HIV okanye ekwabelaneni ngezixhobo zokuzilolonga.

Ukusuka kwizinambuzane okanye kwizilwanyana zasekhaya

U “H” kwi-HIV umele “umntu.” Iingcongconi kunye nezinye izinambuzane ezilumayo azinako ukusasaza i-HIV. Ukulunywa kwezinye izilwanyana, njengenja, ikati, okanye inyoka, nako akunako ukuhambisa intsholongwane.

Ngamathe

Ukuba umntu one-HIV utshica ukutya okanye isiselo, akukho bungozi bokuba ne-HIV kuba amathe awayidlulisi intsholongwane.

Umchamo

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ayinakugqithiselwa ngomchamo. Ukwabelana ngendlu yangasese okanye ukudibana nomchamo womntu one-HIV akubeki emngciphekweni wokudluliselwa.

Igazi elomileyo okanye amadlozi

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ayinakuphila ixesha elide ngaphandle komzimba. Ukuba kukho ukudibana negazi (okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba) olomileyo okanye obelungaphandle komzimba okwethutyana, akukho bungozi bokudluliselwa.

Isasazeka njani i-HIV

Umntu ophila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo unokusasaza intsholongwane kuphela kulwelo oluthile lomzimba ukuba unokubonakala komthamo wentsholongwane egazini. Olu lwelo lubandakanya:

• igazi
• isidoda
• Ulwelo lobufazi
• ulwelo oluludaka
• ubisi lwebele

Ukuze kusasazeke intsholongwane, la manzi kufuneka adibane ne-mucous membrane (njengebhinqa, ipenisi, i-rectum, okanye umlomo), ukusika okanye ukulimala, okanye ukujojowe ngqo kwigazi.

Uninzi lwexesha, i-HIV isasazeka ngale misebenzi ilandelayo:

• ukuba neentlobano zesini ezimpundu okanye ezelungu lobufazi nomntu one-HIV ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ikhondom okanye ukuthatha amayeza okuthintela ukosuleleka yi-HIV
• Ukwabelana ngeenaliti okanye izixhobo zokwabelana ezisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela iziyobisi ngenaliti nomntu one-HIV

I-HIV inokusasazeka ngezi ndlela, kodwa ayiqhelekanga:

• ngokudlula kumntu one-HIV osasaza intsholongwane emntwaneni wakhe ngexa lokukhulelwa, ukubeleka kunye nokuncancisa (nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abaphila ne-HIV bayakwazi ukuba neentsana eziphilileyo, ezingenayo i-HIV ngokufumana inkathalelo efanelekileyo ngaphambi kokubeleka; olononophelo lubandakanya ukuvavanyelwa Intsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye nokuqala unyango lwe-HIV, ukuba kukho imfuneko)
• ngempazamo ndinamathele kwinaliti ene-HIV

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, i-HIV inokusasazeka ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• isondo ngomlomo, ukuba umntu one-HIV achaphazele umlomo womlingane wakhe emlonyeni kwaye iqabane linokusikwa okanye isilonda esivulekileyo
• ukufakelwa igazi okanye ukufakelwa komzimba one-HIV (ithuba lokuba oku kwenzeke ngoku linqabile-lingaphantsi- kuba igazi kunye nelungu / nezicubu zivavanywa ngocoselelo izifo)
• ukutya okulungiselelwe kwangaphambili (kwangaphambili kwexesha) ngumntu ophila ne-HIV, kodwa kuphela xa igazi eliphuma emlonyeni womntu lixutywa nokutya ngelixa lihlafunwa kwaye umntu ofumana ukutya okuhlafunwayo unesilonda esivulekileyo emlonyeni wakhe (kuphela kweengxelo zoku bephakathi; akukho ngxelo zolu hlobo losasazo phakathi kwabantu abadala)
• Ukuluma, ukuba umntu one-HIV uyaluma kwaye aphule ulusu, abangele ukonakala kakhulu kwezicubu (kuphela iimeko ezimbalwa ezibhaliweyo)
• igazi eline-HIV lidibana nenxeba okanye indawo yolusu olophukileyo
• Kwimeko enye,, ukuba omabini amaqabane anegazi okanye izilonda (kule meko, intsholongwane idluliselwa ngegazi, hayi amathe)
• Ukwabelana ngezixhobo ze tattoo ngaphandle kokubulala iintsholongwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa (kukho hayi iimeko ezaziwayo eMelika zakhe nabani na osulelwa yi-HIV ngale ndlela)

Umgca wezantsi

Ukuba nokuqonda okungcono malunga nokusasazeka kwe-HIV akuthinteli ukusasazeka kwe-HIV kuphela, kodwa kuthintela nokusasazeka kolwazi olungelulo. INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​ayinakusasazeka ngokudibana okuqhelekileyo njengokuncamisana, ukuxhawulana izandla, ukuwola, okanye ukwabelana ngokutya okanye isiselo (okoko nje bobabini abantu bengenawo amanxeba avulekileyo).

Nokuba ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ezimpundwini okanye kwilungu lobufazi, ukusebenzisa ikhondom ngokuchanekileyo kuyakuthintela i-HIV ekubeni isasazeke kuba intsholongwane ayinako ukuhamba nge-latex yekhondom.

Ngelixa lungekho unyango lwe-HIV, ukuhambela phambili kumayeza e-HIV kuwanciphise kakhulu amathuba okuba umntu ophila ne-HIV ayigqithisele komnye umntu.

Ukuba unenkxalabo yokuba usenokwabelana ngolwelo lomzimba nomntu ophila ne-HIV, buza umboneleli wezempilo malunga ne-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). I-PEP ingayinqanda intsholongwane ekubeni ingosulelo. Kufuneka kuthathwe ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-72 zonxibelelwano ukuze lusebenze.