Unyango lwe-visceral leishmaniasis: amayeza kunye nokhathalelo

Umxholo

• Uninzi lwezonyango ezisetyenzisiweyo
• Ukunyamekela ngexesha lonyango
• Iimpawu zokuphucula
• Iimpawu zokuba mandundu

Unyango lwe-visceral leishmaniasis yabantu, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-kala azar, yenziwe, ikakhulu, ngePentavalent Antimonial Compounds, kangangeentsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-30, ngenjongo yokulwa neempawu zesifo.

IVisceral Leishmaniasis sisifo esibangelwe yiprotozoan eBrazilI-Leishmania chagasi, ehanjiswa zizinambuzane zohloboILutzomyia longipalpis kwayeILutzomyia cruzi. Esi sifo sihamba kancinci kwaye sinokuba mandundu, ke, phambi kweempawu ezibonisa i-visceral Leishmaniasis, kubalulekile ukuba ufune unyango, ukuze ufumane isifo esichanekileyo kunye nonyango. Funda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokuchonga i-visceral leishmaniasis.

Ukongeza kumachiza okuphelisa iprotozoan, unyango kufuneka lubandakanye ulawulo lweengxaki eziqhelekileyo zesi sifo, ezinje ngeanemia, urhudo, ukungondleki, ukopha kunye nosulelo ngenxa yokwehla kokuzikhusela, kuba ezi zizinto ezibuthathaka kwaye zinokubangela ubomi bomntu emngciphekweni.

Uninzi lwezonyango ezisetyenzisiweyo

Amachiza aphambili asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-visceral Leishmaniasis zii-Pentavalent Antimonial Compounds, ezinje nge-meglumine antimoniate kunye ne-sodium stibogluconate, ezizezona ndlela ziphambili zonyango, ezisetyenziswa kwimithamo ye-intramuscular or venous, kangangeentsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-30. Fumana okunye malunga nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo kunye nexabiso lamayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lweLeishmaniasis.

Kwiimeko ezimbalwa, la mayeza anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezinje nge-arrhythmias, iintlungu zomzimba kunye nokutya okungafanelekanga, kwaye kuyaphikiswa kubantu abanezintso okanye ukusilela kwesibindi, kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kwiitrimes ezimbini zokuqala zokukhulelwa kwaye kwiimeko ezibonisa iimpawu utshintsho kwi-electrocardiogram, eyaziwa njengokunyuka kwexesha le-QT.

Olunye ukhetho olunokubakho kwimeko yokunqongophala okanye ukungahambelani nala machiza zi-liposomal Amphotericin B, ukusasazeka kwe-colloidal-Amphotericin B, Pentamidines kunye nee-immunomodulators, ezinje nge-gamma interferon kunye ne-GM-CSF, ukongeza kwi-Miltefosina, ekwalinyango lomlomo kunyango. leishmaniasis.

Ukunyamekela ngexesha lonyango

Phambi kokuqala unyango, ezinye iindlela zokuthintela kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, phakathi kwazo kuvavanywa kunye nokuzinziswa kweemeko zeklinikhi ezibangelwa sesi sifo, ezinje ngokunxiba okanye ukutofelwa igazi kulawulo lokopha, i-iron kunye nevithamini ukubuyisela okanye, ukuba kukho imfuneko, utofelo-gazi, ukunceda unyango ukubuyiswa kukuphazamiseka kwegazi, ukutya iiproteni kunye neekhalori ukuphucula ukungondleki kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics ukunyanga usulelo.

Unyango lunokwenziwa ekhaya, ukuba umntu uyakwazi ukufumana ukhathalelo oluyimfuneko kule ndawo kwaye angakwazi ukuya esibhedlele ayokufumana amayeza kunye novavanyo lonyango kwakhona. Ukongeza, ukulaliswa esibhedlele kufuneka kucetyiswe nanini na kukho:

• I-anemia enamandla, ene-hemoglobin engaphantsi kwe-5 g / dL;
• Uhudo olubi okanye olude;
• Ukungondleki kakhulu;
• Ukopha;
• Ukudumba ngokubanzi;
• Ubukho bezinye izifo ezinxulumene noko, ezinje ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi, isifo sentliziyo, nephropathy okanye isifo sesibindi;
• Abantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 okanye abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala;
• Xa isifo sibuya emva kokuba unyango lugqityiwe okanye akukho mpendulo kunyango.

Ukongeza, emva kokuba unyango lugqityiwe, umntu kufuneka alandelwe ngugqirha emva kweenyanga ezi-3, 6 ne-12 kwaye, ukuba uhlala ezinzile kuvavanyo lokugqibela, isigulana sithathwa njengesinyangiweyo.

Iimpawu zokuphucula

Iimpawu zokuphucula sele zinokubonakala emva kweveki yokuqala emva kokuqala konyango kwaye zibonakaliswa ngokunciphisa umkhuhlane, ukunciphisa isisu esidumbileyo, ukutyeba komzimba kunye nokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Iimpawu zokuba mandundu

Ezi mpawu zixhaphake kakhulu xa unyango lungaqalwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye lubandakanya ukonyuka okanye ukuphindaphinda komkhuhlane, ukwehla kobunzima, ubuthathaka obungagungqiyo, intsholongwane kunye nosulelo lwebhakteria emzimbeni nasegazini.