Unyango ngoKhuseleko lweNtlalo: lusebenza njani?

Umxholo

• Isebenza njani iMedicare kunye noKhuseleko lweNtlalo?
• Ngaba ukhuseleko lwentlalo luyayihlawula iMedare?
• Yintoni amayeza?
• Luyintoni ukhuseleko lweNtlalo?
• Zithini izibonelelo zoKhuseleko loLuntu?
• Ngubani ofanelekileyo kwizibonelelo zoKhuseleko loLuntu?
• Amaqabane kunye nezibonelelo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo
• Iminyaka yobudala yakho yokuthatha umhlalaphantsi ichaphazela njani izibonelelo zakho
• Yintoni iNgeniso yoKhuseleko yoKhuseleko (SSI)?
• Ngubani olungele iSSI?
• Yintoni i-Inshurensi yokuKhubazeka kweNtlalo (SSDI)?
• Ngubani ofanelekileyo kwi-SSDI?
• Ubudala bokusetyenziswa kunye nezibonelelo ze-SSDI
• Zithini iinzuzo zoKhuseleko loLuntu?
• Ngubani ofanelekileyo kwizibonelelo zamaxhoba?
• Ukuthatha

• I-Medicare kunye noKhuseleko lwezeNtlalontle zizibonelelo ezilawulwa yimibutho onelungelo lokuyijonga ngokuxhomekeke kubudala bakho, inani leminyaka oyihlawule kwinkqubo, okanye ukuba unokukhubazeka okufanelekileyo.
• Ukuba ufumana izibonelelo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo, uya kubhaliswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-Medicare xa sele uvumelekile.
• Iipremiyamu zeMedicare zinokutsalwa kwintlawulo yakho yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo.

Ukhuseleko lweNtlalo kunye neMedicare ziinkqubo zomdibaniso zabantu baseMelika abangasasebenziyo. Zombini ezi nkqubo zinceda abantu abafikelele kwiminyaka yobudala yomhlala phantsi okanye abanokukhubazeka okungapheliyo.

Ukhuseleko lwezeNtlalontle lubonelela ngenkxaso yemali ngohlobo lweentlawulo zenyanga, ngelixa i-Medicare ibonelela nge-inshurensi yezempilo. Iziqinisekiso kuzo zombini iinkqubo ziyafana. Ngapha koko, ukufumana izibonelelo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo yenye yeendlela onokuthi ubhalise ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-Medicare xa sele uvumelekile.

Isebenza njani iMedicare kunye noKhuseleko lweNtlalo?

Uya kufumana i-Medicare ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba sele ufumana umhlala-phantsi woKhuseleko lweNtlalo okanye izibonelelo ze-SSDI. Umzekelo, ukuba uthathe izibonelelo zomhlala-phantsi ukuqala kwiminyaka engama-62, uya kubhaliswa kwi-Medicare kwiinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakho kwama-65. Uyakubhaliswa ngokuzenzekelayo xa sele ufumana i-SSDI iinyanga ezingama-24.

Uya kudinga ukubhalisa kwi-Medicare ukuba uneminyaka engama-65 kodwa awukazithathi izibonelelo zakho zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo okwangoku. Ulawulo loKhuseleko loLuntu (i-SSA) kunye ne-Medicare ziya kukuthumela ipakethi "Wamkelekile kwi-Medicare" xa uvumelekile ukubhalisa. Ipakethi iya kukuhamba kukhetho lwakho lweMedare kwaye ikuncede ubhalise.

I-SSA iya kugqiba isixa osifunayo ukuhlawula isigubungelo se-Medicare. Awuyi kuhlawula iiprimiyamu zeCandelo A ngaphandle kokuba awuhlangabezani nemithetho yokugubungela exoxwe ngasentla, kodwa uninzi lwabantu luya kuhlawula ipremiyamu yeCandelo B.

Ngo-2020, ixabiso le-premium eliqhelekileyo li- $ 144.60. Le mali iya kuba phezulu ukuba unomvuzo omkhulu. Ukhuseleko lweNtlalo lusebenzisa iirekhodi zakho zerhafu ukumisela iirhafu ekufuneka uzihlawule.

Ukuba wenza ngaphezulu kwe- $ 87,000 ngonyaka, i-SSA izakukuthumela isixa semali esiNxulumene neNgeniso esiNxulumene neNgeniso (IRMAA). Isaziso sakho se-IRMAA siya kukuxelela inani elingaphezulu kwepremiyamu esemgangathweni ekufuneka uyihlawule. Uya kuba noxanduva lwe-IRMAA ukuba ukhetha ukuthenga isicwangciso seCandelo D esahlukileyo kwaye wenza ngaphezulu kwe- $ 87,000.

Ngaba ukhuseleko lwentlalo luyayihlawula iMedare?

Ukhuseleko lweNtlalo aluhlawuli i-Medicare, kodwa ukuba ufumana iintlawulo zoKhuseleko loLuntu, iipremiyamu zakho zeCandelo B zinokutsalwa kwitshekhi yakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba endaweni ye- $ 1,500, umzekelo, uyakufumana i-1,386.40 yeedola kwaye ipremiyamu yakho yeCandelo B iya kuhlawulwa.

Ngoku makhe sijonge kwi-Medicare kunye noKhuseleko lweNtlalo ukuqonda ukuba zithini na ezi nkqubo zibalulekileyo, ukuba ufaneleke njani, kwaye zithetha ntoni kuwe.

Yintoni amayeza?

I-Medicare sisicwangciso seinshurensi yezempilo ebonelelwe ngurhulumente womanyano. Inkqubo ilawulwa ngamaZiko eMedare kunye neeNkonzo zeMedicaid (i-CMS), isebe le-United States. Umyinge uyafumaneka kubantu baseMelika abaye bafikelela kwiminyaka yabo yokuzalwa engama-65 okanye abanokukhubazeka okungapheliyo.

Ngokungafaniyo nezicwangciso zokhathalelo lwempilo lwemveli, ukhuselo lweMedare luyafumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo:

• Luyintoni ukhuseleko lweNtlalo?

  Ukhuseleko lweNtlalontle yinkqubo ehlawula izibonelelo kubantu baseMelika abathathe umhlala phantsi okanye abakhubazekileyo. Inkqubo ilawulwa nguLawulo loKhuseleko loLuntu (SSA). Uhlawula kuKhuseleko lweNtlalo xa usebenza. Imali itsalwa kumvuzo wakho ixesha ngalinye lokuhlawula.

  
  

  Uya kufumana izibonelelo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo xa ungasakwazi ukusebenza ngenxa yokukhubazeka okanye xa sele ufikelele kwiminyaka efanelekileyo kwaye wayeka ukusebenza. Uya kufumana izibonelelo zakho ngohlobo lwetshekhi yenyanga okanye idiphozithi yebhanki. Imali oyifaneleyo iya kuxhomekeka ekubeni urhole malini ngelixa usebenza.

  Unokufaka isicelo seenzuzo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo ukuba enye yezi meko isebenza kuwe:

  • Uneminyaka engama-62 okanye ngaphezulu.
  • Unokhubazeko olungapheliyo.
  • Iqabane lakho ebelisebenza okanye lifumana izibonelelo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo liswelekile.

  Zithini izibonelelo zoKhuseleko loLuntu?

  Izibonelelo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo zenzelwe ukubuyisela inxenye yengeniso yenyanga oyifumeneyo ngaphambi kokuba uthathe umhlalaphantsi.

  Ngubani ofanelekileyo kwizibonelelo zoKhuseleko loLuntu?

  Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, kuyakufuneka uhlangane neemfuno ezimbalwa ukuze ufaneleke kwizibonelelo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo. NjengakwiMedicare, kuyakufuneka ubengummi waseMelika okanye umhlali osisigxina. Kuya kufuneka ukuba usebenze kwaye ufumane iikhredithi. Isixa seekhredithi ozifunayo sixhomekeke kwiimeko zakho kunye nohlobo lwesibonelelo osifaka isicelo.

  Uzakufuna ubuncinci iikhredithi ezingama-40 ukuze ufake isicelo sezibonelelo zomhlala-phantsi. Kuba unokufumana ukuya kuthi ga kwiikhredithi ezine ngonyaka, uyakufumana iikhredithi ezingama-40 emva kweminyaka elishumi yokusebenza. Lo mgaqo usebenza kuye nabani na owazalwa emva kowe-1929.

  Imali oza kuyifumana ngenyanga iya kuxhomekeka kumvuzo wakho ebomini bakho bonke bokusebenza. Ungasebenzisa ikhalityhuleyitha kwiwebhusayithi yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo ukuqikelela izibonelelo zakho zomhlalaphantsi.

  Amaqabane kunye nezibonelelo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo

  Iqabane lakho linakho ukufaka ibango ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-50 zesixa-mali sakho ukuba abanazo iikhredithi zomsebenzi ezoneleyo, okanye ukuba ungoyena mntu urhola kakhulu. Oku akuthathi kwinzuzo yakho. Umzekelo, yithi unesibonelelo somhlala-phantsi se- $ 1,500 kwaye iqabane lakho alikaze lisebenze. Unokufumana i-1,500 yenyanga ngenyanga kwaye iqabane lakho linokufumana ukuya kuthi ga kwi-750 yeedola. Oku kuthetha ukuba indlu yakho iya kufumana i-2,250 yeedola inyanga nenyanga.

  Iminyaka yobudala yakho yokuthatha umhlalaphantsi ichaphazela njani izibonelelo zakho

  Unokufaka isicelo seziBonelelo zoMhlala-phantsi xa sele uneminyaka engama-62. Nangona kunjalo, uyakufumana imali ethe kratya ngenyanga ukuba ulinda iminyaka embalwa. Abantu abaqala ukuqokelela izibonelelo zomhlalaphantsi kuma-62 bayakufumana iipesenti ezingama-70 zesixa-mali sabo esipheleleyo. Ungafumana iipesenti ezili-100 zesixa-mali sakho ukuba awuqali ukuqokelela de kube kubudala obupheleleyo bokuthatha umhlalaphantsi.

  Iminyaka yobudala yomhlalaphantsi yabantu abazelwe emva ko-1960 ingama-67. Ukuba wazalwa ngaphambi ko-1960, jonga kule tshathi ivela kuKhuseleko lweNtlalo ukubona ukuba uza kufika nini kwiminyaka yobudala yomhlalaphantsi.

  Yintoni iNgeniso yoKhuseleko yoKhuseleko (SSI)?

  Unokufanelekela ukufumana izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo ukuba unomvuzo olinganiselweyo. Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Supplemental Security Income (SSI), ezi zibonelelo zenzelwe abantu abanomvuzo olinganiselweyo abakulungeleyo uKhuseleko lweNtlalo ngenxa yobudala okanye ukukhubazeka.

  Ngubani olungele iSSI?

  Ungayilungela i-SSI ukuba:

  • bangaphezulu kwama-65
  • ngokusemthethweni abaziimfama
  • unokukhubazeka

  Njengazo zonke izibonelelo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo, uyakufuna kwakhona ukuba ube ngummi wase-United States okanye umhlali osemthethweni kwaye ube nengeniso encinci kunye nezixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, ukufaka isicelo se-SSI, awudingi iikhredithi zomsebenzi.

  Unokufumana i-SSI ukongeza kwi-SSDI okanye izibonelelo zomhlala-phantsi, kodwa inokuba yintlawulo ezimeleyo. Imali oyifumanayo kwi-SSI iya kuxhomekeka kwingeniso yakho evela kwenye imithombo.

  Yintoni i-Inshurensi yokuKhubazeka kweNtlalo (SSDI)?

  Ukhuseleko lweNtlalo kwi-Inshurensi yokukhubazeka luhlobo lwenzuzo yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo kwabo bakhubazekileyo okanye iimeko zempilo ezibathintelayo ekusebenzeni.

  Ngubani ofanelekileyo kwi-SSDI?

  Imigaqo yahlukile xa ufaka isicelo se-SSDI. Uya kudinga iikhredithi zomsebenzi ezingama-40 ukuba ufaka isicelo kwiminyaka engama-62 okanye ngaphezulu.

  Ukuze ufanelekele i-SSDI, kufuneka:

  • ukungakwazi ukusebenza ngenxa yempilo eya kuhlala ubuncinci iinyanga ezili-12, okanye i-terminal
  • okwangoku akanasiphene okanye ixesha elifutshane
  • ukuhlangabezana nenkcazo ye-SSA yokukhubazeka
  • ubengaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala yomhlalaphantsi

  Kuya kufuneka ubonakalise ukuba uyahlangabezana nale migaqo, kwaye le nkqubo inokuba nzima. Nje ukuba ulungele i-SSDI, inani lokukhubazeka oya kulifumana linokusekwa kubudala bakho kunye nexesha olisebenzisileyo kwaye ulihlawule kuKhuseleko lweNtlalo.

  Le theyibhile icacisa ukuba zeziphi izibonelelo ezinikezelwayo ngokuxhomekeke kubudala bakho kunye nenani leminyaka oyisebenzileyo:

  Ubudala bokusetyenziswa kunye nezibonelelo ze-SSDI

  Ubudala obusebenzisa:	Inani lomsebenzi owufunayo:
  Ngaphambi kwama-24	1 ½ iminyaka yomsebenzi kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo
  Iminyaka engama-24 ukuya kwengama-30	Isiqingatha sexesha phakathi kwama-21 kunye nexesha lokukhubazeka kwakho. Umzekelo, uzakufuna iminyaka emi-3 yomsebenzi ukuba ukhubazekile xa uneminyaka engama-27.
  Iminyaka engama-31 ukuya kuma-40	Iminyaka emi-5 (iikhredithi ezingama-20) zomsebenzi kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kokukhubazeka kwakho
  44	Iminyaka emi-5 ((iikhredithi ezingama-22) zomsebenzi kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kokukhubazeka kwakho
  46	Iminyaka emi-6 (iikhredithi ezingama-24) zomsebenzi kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kokukhubazeka kwakho
  48	Iminyaka emi-6 ((iikhredithi ezingama-26) zomsebenzi kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kokukhubazeka kwakho
  50	Iminyaka esi-7 (iikhredithi ezingama-28) zomsebenzi kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kokukhubazeka kwakho
  52	Iminyaka esi-7 ((iikhredithi ezingama-30) zomsebenzi kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kokukhubazeka kwakho
  54	Iminyaka esi-8 (iikhredithi ezingama-32) zomsebenzi kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kokukhubazeka kwakho
  56	Iminyaka esi-8 ((iikhredithi ezingama-34) zomsebenzi kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kokukhubazeka kwakho
  58	Iminyaka eli-9 (iikhredithi ezingama-36) zomsebenzi kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kokukhubazeka kwakho
  60	Iminyaka eli-9 ((iikhredithi ezingama-38) zomsebenzi kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kokukhubazeka kwakho

  Zithini iinzuzo zoKhuseleko loLuntu?

  Unokufaka ibango kwixhoba ukuba iqabane lakho elingasekhoyo lafumana ubuncinci iikhredithi ezingama-40. Unakho ukufaka ibango xa umntu otshate naye esweleke esemncinci kodwa usebenze i-½ ye-1 kwiminyaka emi-3 efunekayo ngaphambi kokuba basweleke.

  Ngubani ofanelekileyo kwizibonelelo zamaxhoba?

  Abasindileyo abatshatileyo banelungelo lokufumana izibonelelo:

  • nangayiphi na iminyaka ukuba bakhathalela abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-16 okanye abakhubazekileyo
  • ngama-50 ukuba bakhubazekile
  • kuma-60 izibonelelo ezithile
  • kwiminyaka yobudala yomhlalaphantsi ngokupheleleyo kwiipesenti ezili-100 zesixa-mali soncedo

  Izibonelelo zinokuhlawulwa:

  • abatshatileyo
  • abantwana ukuya kuthi ga kwi-19 abasafunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo
  • abantwana abanokukhubazeka abaye bafunyanwa ngaphambi kwe-22
  • abazali
  • abantwana bomtshato wesibini
  • abazukulwana

  Ukongeza, iqabane elisaphilayo kunye nomntwana wabo banokufumana izibonelelo. Ukudityaniswa kwezibonelelo kunokulingana ukuya kwiipesenti ezili-180 zesixa-mali sesixa-mali.

  Ukuthatha

  Ukhuseleko lwezeNtlalontle kunye neMedicare banceda amaMelika angasebenziyo ngenxa yobudala okanye ukukhubazeka. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ufumane izibonelelo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo ukuze ufumane iMedicare.

  Ukuba ufumana izibonelelo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo, uya kubhaliswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-Medicare xa sele uvumelekile. Iipremiyamu zakho zeMedicare zinokutsalwa ngqo kwintlawulo yakho yesibonelelo.

  Nokuba ungakanani na ubudala, ungaqala ukuphanda ngoku ukuze ubone ukuba uKhuseleko lwezeNtlalontle kunye neMedare kunye zinokuba yinxalenye yesicwangciso sakho somhlala-phantsi.